Unahi Railway: Āhuatanga, whakaritenga, me te whakaminenga

Hoki te mahi tika o okeoke kararehe, te whakahaere waka, me te mo te nama, ko te kaute tino nui kawea e Georgian Railway. He nui i roto i te ahumahi, te wahi te taimaha ki te kia tukua tika ki te tangi, me te hoki te reira i tuwhera-kanga oumu i roto i turanga tereina rauemi raw e whai wāhi nui i roto i te tukanga, me mo te waka ā-. Ki te whakarite e taua pūkete, me te hiahia unahi rerewe.

Whakarōpū o unahi rerewē

Ki te whakakorekore paunatia pauna kau, me te utaina hariata, me, no reira, whakaritea te rerekētanga o enei uara te me te papatipu o te kawenga.

i aunoa nga pauna tuatahi mō te kotahi o waka pereoo, tae atu ki ngā hononga e hāngai ana i runga i te huarahi whärite. Na i reira whakaaro electromechanical e tahuri mahi pūkaha o te mahara ki te tohu hiko. Tenei momo o unahi he unahi, o te ngana.

I teie mahana, me te awhina o unahi rerewhenua e taea paunatia kaata wehe i roto i te pateko, me te i roto i te nekehanga i waho disengaging te hanganga, arā, i roto i te akiaki. Aunoatanga o hou mīhini taimaha locomotives whakaae, tāutu te momo o motokā, whakatau reira te kawenga, me te ahunga o te kaupapa pāhiwihiwi.

Unahi carload tereina turanga me e besfundamentnye, kotahi i roto i te statics me ngā akiakinga.

pateko kotahi

Ki te taimaha unahi rerewhenua tīmata pateko. Kotahi tereina i roto i te statics ko te tino puhoi. Composition otohe ai, me hariata kotahi i tetahi whangai ki nga pauna, kua e taimaha ki te mutu i runga i te turanga, tuhia ratou taimaha, me e ka hanga ratou, ka tonoa. Ko te ara, me te rangatira utanga mau parekura nui e tika ana ki te downtime.

Ko te tino koi ki te whanaketanga o te whatunga rerewē me te hua i roto i te utanga waka tenei raruraru. tamata ia ki te whakatika e te pauna pateko taua, i roto i nei i neke i te tereina rawa āta, i te tere o te 3 km / h. Kua ara kua whakawhanakehia pūnaha kē motuhake, i awhinatia kaipūkaha te tere te tu. peka paku downtime, engari te tukanga taimaha ka i tino uaua, me te hapa tenei - tiketike, neke atu i te 1%.

hihiri kotahi

unahi rerewhenua aunoa whakamahia ki te paunatia i te hanganga pokarekarenga. Paunatia-i roto i te akiaki, me te mea ai, ko te aronga o te taimaha tirohanga, a kahore i runga i te rerewhenua anake.

Kei roto i te tukanga i roto i te whakatau i te hautanga o te puranga tereina tuarua, haere i roto i te tūāpapa aranga ki te rēhita reira, ka tuku ki te rorohiko mana te pūnaha mana waka aunoa ranei.

I roto i te tukanga o te taimaha whakaritea nga momo o kaata, me te mea kotahi poosnogo taimaha nui o ia kakau pereoo, a utaina tika, mohio engines, no te mea kahore ratou e paunatia.

hāngai Whakaaetanga o okeoke kararehe kei i runga i te faaotiraa o ratou tawhiti interaxial me ripeka-pātengi raraunga.

Ko te kōpuku tino whakaraerae ki te taimaha pūnaha he whakaoho haere tuku he tohu i te wa o te haere i runga i a ratou pereoo tuaka wira awhi ranei. Ki te tika o enei whakaaro whakaritenga tiketike rawa, a ka mahi ratou i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua, e rua whakahaere me te huarere.

pereti kawenga

unahi Railway mō te kotahi o waka pereoo he momo rerekē o rongoā kiko, engari i ratou i roto i te noa, ko te aroaro o tetahi atu o te tūāpapa utanga ranei. E ai ki a ia haere te motokā ka taimaha, me ope poutū e mahi i runga i a ratou, e whakawhiti ki te pūtahuri.

Na roto i te okeoke mahi i runga i te turanga pereoo e kore anake te kaha poutū engari roa ano, e hanga he tetahi hapa i roto i te taimaha. Ki te whakaiti i to ratou pānga, i roto i te tüäpapa uta ngā o te momo o ngā pūrere aunoa, me te hiko. Ka taea e hei tūnga fakangatangata, mānukanuka tangiata, catwalks tenei; kaha-ine transducers e tahuri tetahi pānga i roto i te tohu hiko; haere pūrere mana.

whakaaro Electronic e whakahaere te tukanga taimaha, tukatuka te tohu i te inverter me outputting te hua ki te rorohiko mo te tohutoro ataata i runga i te papa tapeke. Rorohiko whakamahi pūmanawa motuhake tukanga nga hua te taimaha me te mahia e te pūrongo.

Ngā momo o receptors kawenga

Tauine tereina pereoo me Kei roto pūrere kotahi aunoa. Ko ratou o rua momo:

- pai pūrere hua tawhito i roto i nei te ringa kawenga i roto i Whakarāpopoto mohio a siloizmeritelej kotahi;

- pūrere hononga-iti ki wha atu ranei siloizmeritelej runga i uta rohe Kei pūhara.

Hua - pono, eu, whakaritea noa te tukanga mō ngā momo katoa o unahi hua. Ko te hua nui, tuatahi, i hanga ki te hangarau motuhake anake i roto i te hinonga ki te taumata tiketike o te production. Na tuarua, mo ratou mahi e hiahia ana utu turanga motuhake.

Hononga-iti pūrere me putanga ngāwari. Ka taea te hangaia ratou i roto i ngā awheawhe iti, a taea te tino heke te turanga.

unahi rerewhenua Siloizmeritelej

tereina pereoo teie mahana toenga hihiri hanga ki riaka wiri-auau ranei pūtahuri rite siloizmeritelej.

pūtahuri wiri-auau ki humarie kōrero me tohu tukatuka putanga, haruru wātea i te mate, ngaro o ngā mōhiohio mate, e katia atu e pai hapa atu i roto i te toenga ki te pūrere hua. Displacement o te taputapu tuarua ai te taua rite ina whakamahi i te gauges riaka. Reira tino whakanuia ana, ki te e whakamahia enei transducers ki taurite te pūrere hononga-iti kawenga, mai hiahia ratou ki te whakatū i wha atu ranei tohu me whakamatauria takitahi i runga i hongere rerekē, me e whakarāpopoto āhuatanga motuhake whiwhi.

Ki te gages riaka kaha-whanganga e hono pūtahuri i whakarara ranei i roto i te raupapa, ka tukatuka kotahi tohu noa te.

Kua eke ngā pūrere katoa i roto i te turanga poka ki runga ki e kua whakaritea nga unahi tereina. I runga i te turanga raima o huapae supply tāpae me huarahi ki te whakaiti i te rerekētanga poutū i roto i te hanganga i roto i te rohe, kotahi. I roto i te ruma motuhake e tata ana te tūāpapa uta whakaturia te hikohiko tuarua, me te rorohiko.

kotahi tika

ka whakarite pauna mo te taimaha o waka pereoo utanga kotahi tika, tautukunga ki te paerewa, o nei i reira e wha mo te tenei ra: 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 me 1% i te taimaha o te utanga.

I roto i te pateko kotahi i runga i te pauna kurupae e whakamana anake nga paerewa tika whakamutunga e rua. A, no te kotahi pūrere i roto i akiaki i runga i te hapa pānga superimposed coupler, whakaterenga, kotahi tikanga.

whakaaturia Practice kua e whakaratohia te tere o te 1% tika te mo te kawenga taumaha i roto i ia hanganga motokā 0.5% - mō te neke i te tūpuku decoupled hariata me te tapeke taimaha o te hanganga, 0.1% - ki te herea ia rite te wahi e kore neke atu i te 20 waka.

Methods mō te taimaha unahi rerewē

rerekē unahi hariata whakakorekore i roto i te tikanga kotahi hihiri. Kei te tīpakohia te reira i runga i te pūtake o te maha tikanga:

- te tika hiahiatia o te taimaha me te tere mōrahi e pā ana o kaupapa;

- te utu whakapaipai mo te tāutanga o te pūnaha taimaha.

kawea Carload kotahi i roto i runga i te turanga roa i runga i nei whakanohoia te motokā katoa te. he pai i roto i te wā i te tikanga taua, ina ngā te rakau katoa o te taua hariata.

A, no te potelezhechnogo wehe paunatia taimaha ia motokā trolley, e rongoa ratou, ka whakarapopototia pūrere ruri papatipu, me te tomo i te hua ki te rorohiko.

A, no te poosnogo kotahi taimaha, ka whakarapopototia taimaha o toki katoa te kimi i te tapeke score me te tuku ki te rorohiko.

Huapai me ngā huakore o te tikanga

tikanga Nuiōrau katoa i o ratou huapai me ngā huakore. Me kia roa pereoo tikanga tika te nuinga, engari te pūhara, a taea paunatia te hanganga anake o hariata hono o momo kotahi, atu ïa te roa taua ranei. whanganga te kawenga kei roto i tenei awhe tikanga i 80 ki te 160 taranata.

Potelezhechnogo kotahi i runga i te taua taea hoki te nuinga o ngā waka momo unahi, engari ano hoki mo tenei tikanga e hiahia ana te tūāpapa tika roa. Ko te kawenga i runga i te tereina toenga kupu rerekē i roto i te whānui i te 40 taranata, ki te ata whakaaro ake he-waka e wha ki te 80 taranata, ka waru-pereoo.

Hoki poosnogo Me te taimaha tikanga he tūāpapa iti. Mai te tawhiti i waenganui i nga toki o te momo kotahi o te pereoo, e taea te paunatia reira me te pāka i runga i te taua pauna. kawenga mōrahi i roto i tenei take, ko te 20 taranata.

Tango taimaha poosnogo ko te tūponotanga nui o te whakawhiti kawenga i runga i te tuaka. Whakaititia tona pānga i runga i te tika, me te tika o nga inenga e taea e, te kōwhiri i te huarahi atu pākaha me te ake āta tāpae ratou. I roto i tenei take poosnogo Nuiōrau he tino pai kia rite ki te utu mo te tāutanga, me te tiaki o ngā momo o te waka.

Tāuta unahi rerewhenua

unahi waea tikanga motokā i runga i to ratou momo rānei. Hei tauira, i reira he unahi rerewē kawe (whakaahua cm. Raro) e kua tāuta i runga i te roto i waenganui i te huapae, me e paunatia ä ia uehā.

kia eke ai te toenga i runga i te turanga, me te kahore reira. I roto i ngā momo rerekē o te pauna pumau gauges taea te whakauru ki roto ki nga huapae, nga takotoranga ranei i roto i waenganui i.

Te tohu i te momo o te tauine, he mea e tika ana ki te whakatau i te wahi o ratou tāutanga. Tuatahi, kia ngāwari te whakamahi o te pūrere. Tuarua, kia waiho te pinakitanga iti iho i te 1: 2,000, me te wahi torotika - i te iti rawa e toru roa motokā (tohunga tohutohu ki te 15 mita i tetahi taha o te waka ki te kia paunatia).

I mua i te tāutanga, e hiahia ana koe ki te kitea i roto i pēhea te tata ki te mata he manawa whenua e tika ana, me te mehemea reira kei roto i tenei rohe whatunga engineering raro, e kore e haere ki te ua i te reira me te meltwater.

tohutohu o te kaihanga i roto i nui tohutohu tāutanga ngā, tae atu i te tuhi o te turanga raima me te āhuatanga e tika ana o te mokete mo te turanga o te tāutanga.

I roto i te tāutanga ki kia makatuunga wāhi i waenganui i nga huapae me te gruzopriemnika matua.

E ai ki a GOST P 53228-2008 taimaha whakaū tereina ki te whakatau i te hapa ine me kawea i roto i nga tau.

Repair o unahi rerewē

A, no te roa mahi hē kia puta motokā he unahi ia wehenga pūkaha o ngā āhuatanga hanganga, he te hape hiko arā o te pūmanawa ranei ranei.

Hei whakatau i Me enei raruraru tohunga rerekē, pera ki te tiki i te taputapu pai ruri i roto i kamupene motuhake raihanatia ki hanga te toenga, e i roto i te heke mai taea te mahi hanga, whakakapinga o nga wahi hapa me hahi, me te whakaū.

Whakarāpopoto, ka taea e tatou te mea e ko te reira e tika ana ki te whiriwhiri i te unahi tereina, tuatahi, i runga i te tika hiahiatia; tuarua, tikanga whakahaere; tuatoru, e whai wāhitanga pūtea. A tika rite kakato kia whiriwhiri i te kamupene i roto i nei e kia hokona e te taputapu. Ka taea e utu tīmatanga iti arahi ki raruraru nui i roto i te mahi, me te tiaki o te pauna, i te mutunga e uta e utu atu.

tikanga Whakahaere - te reira e kore anake te nui o te taonga kawea ia ra. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te wātea o te hiko, no te mea ehara i te mea e wātea ana i roto i ngā rohe katoa, a kore e taea gauges riaka te mahi i waho reira. I pāmahana iti te Far Te Tai Tokerau pai me te ake tika mahi kaha whanganga pūoko aunoa.