Whakamahine: tikanga taketake

Petroleum me hau māori, enei kohuke ahurei, he nui puna o waiwaro. hinu masivesivá - he ranunga matatini o ngā waiwaro ki ētahi atu pūhui. hua whakamahine i roto i ngā hua e e ka tono i roto i te katoa rāngai o ahumahi, pūngao, ahuwhenua me whare.

Kei te wehea te hinu masivesivá ki wāhanga i te iheu hautanga ohie, me te mārua. Ko te hanganga o nga hautau whiwhi tei runga i te hanganga o te hinu masivesivá taketake.

Te whakamahine i haere e rave rahi ngā wāhanga: te iheu hautanga, ina ripeneta, hangai me te maimoatanga whanariki.

iheu hautanga Ko te taahiraa tukatuka tuatahi, e wehe ai ki hautau, hau, marama, reo, me te hinu taimaha. Ko te kupu, ko te tukatuka tuatahi o te hinu e āhei ki te tautuhi tonu nga hautau tino faufaa.

• Ko te hautanga hau ko te waiwaro hahore māmā: pūwaro, pōwaro me te ewaro.
• Penehīni marama ranei hautanga - he ranunga o ngā waiwaro marama, tae atu ki ngā waiwaro tahi rārātini me hahore.
• hinu Fuel toe i muri i Māturu o te tahi atu hautau mama katoa.

mahi whakamahine anō e hangai. Ko te kupu i reira ko te wāwāhi o te hinu masivesivá pūhui macromolecular ki iti, he angamaheni raro hautau koropupu. Ko tenei he tikanga nui o te tukatuka hanga reira taea ki te whiwhi i te nui atu o hautau hinu iti-kohua, te hiahia hoki i, rawa i roto i te penehīni, taa tiketike.

• Te ahumahi whakamahi maha ngā momo o te papatanga: catalytic, waiariki, me te ripeneta. I roto i te papatanga waiariki o tiketike pūhui taimaha rāpoi o hautau hinu taimaha e pakaru iho ki iti taimaha rāpoi raro pāmahana teitei. Whakamahine i rua papatanga waiariki me te catalytic hua he ranunga o waiwaro hamanga, ka kukū. I roto i te tauira octadecane hangai tukanga taea te whakaahuatia e te tātai:

F ₁₈ H ₃₈ -> PF ₉ H ₂₀ + PF ₉ H ₁₈

I pāmahana ai ki runga ki te 1000 ° C whāwehe waiariki o te hinu nui-rāpoi, ai whakaputa i te waiwaro rua nui marama me waiwaro kakara.

• papatanga catalytic e wahi i pāmahana āhua iti, te whakakōkī ko ai he ranunga o te alumina me silica. Ano i roto i tenei take i te ranunga o kukū, me te hamanga waiwaro. Te whakamahine i tēnei tikanga whakamahia te ki te whakaputa penehīni kounga teitei.
• Ina ripeneta huringa te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota, me te fakatahai ratou ki te hunga nui. I roto i te iti-te kounga e puta iti taimaha rāpoi hautau hinu, i roto i ngā tiketike-kōeke penehīni hautanga.

Natural me hau e pā ana - he ranunga o te mewaro (90% i te rōrahi) me ona homologues tata, me te moni iti o poke.

Ko te mahi matua o te hau tukatuka - roto ki reira tahuri waiwaro kukū ki hamanga, taea muri nei te whakamahi i roto i te kōtuitanga matū.

Ko te kupu, te hinu me te hau tukatuka āhei te whānui tino nui o ngā hua hinu, o nei e te hua o te ariā matū tahuri i roto i te momo nui o ngā matū e kua whakamahia i roto i te whānuitanga o rāngai.