Waipiro Ethyl: mōhiohio whānui, tikanga o te faaineineraa, me te whakamahi

Waiwaihā - pärönaki o waiwaro, i roto i te rāpoi ngota ai tetahi atu ranei hydrogens whakakapi mo te rōpū hydroxyl (OH). He wairewa i roto i te hanganga katoa i roto i te wai waiwaihā raro. Ki te waiwaihā hanga waikawa hākawa. rōpū hydroxyl Ko te whakakapi ai hauwai. Ko te kupu, i raro i te mahi o alcoholates whakarewa konutai e hanga e. I roto i te paparetanga hanehane tukanga alkoxides ki te wai, me te konutai waihā.

waiwaihā tuatahi o oxidized pai ki te hanga i aldehydes. Aldehydes - pūhui organic e whai nga rōpū OH, a kore e hoatu hākawa; fatifati i runga hāora anō ki te waikawa ki iti ngota waikawa. I roto i te maroketanga o waiwaihā whiwhi waiwaro hamanga. I runga i te tinana o waiwaihā tīmeka e te tikanga whakapōauau. Ko te kaha o te pānga o te waipiro whakawhirinaki i runga i o ratou āhuatanga ōkiko. A, no te whakaritea ki te ki Pālesi waiwaihā polyhydric ranei kite e te ngoikore te mahi o te muri, a ētahi wā noa ngaro, arā te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā rōpū hydroxyl i roto i te rāpoi ngota whakaiti te mahi pharmacological, mo te tauira, te nonireka kua kahore mahi tarukino appreciable.

Te faaineineraa o te Ethyl waipiro

Waipiro mō ngā take hauora e whiwhi i te FERMENTATION o te huka. E whai wāhi ana warowaihā Fermentable rai, rīwai, kānga, me ētahi atu rauemi whakato. I reira, he maha o mōhiotia ngā wāhanga takawaenga o FERMENTATION waipiro. I roto i te rauemi distillery taumai (potato me te rite) e tuatahi horoia i te whenua, me te paru, a ka utaina ki te ipu e whaowhia motuhake, e hua mamaoa i raro i te pēhanga i roto i te rua, e toru atmospheres. Māngaro, i te mea i roto i te rīwai, te kupu tahuri ki te whakapiri. tuku te papatipu hua te ki te tun Rakei ki te pūngao, me te te matao o reira faaururaa ki te 50 nekehanga. Ki te tāpiri i tēnei te morota i roto i nohanga ake ki te 10% i te taimaha o rīwai. germination morota parei rite. I roto i te tukanga o te germination o parei i roto i te purapura ko te hanganga me te haaputuputuraa o whākōkī, tetahi o i te mea te amylase whākōkī. Ko te whākōkī hydrolyzes te māngaro ki maltose. Na, i raro i te mana o te invertase paru maltose te puta ki te reo wai ki te kūhuka. tahuri tākiekina Last Zymase ki te waihā ki te tuku o te hauhā. whakaaro te tukanga kua oti ka poroa te kukuwhatanga o te waro diokisda. huaina te wai hua te marou, e kei e pā ana ki 18% waipiro me ngā intermediates FERMENTATION - nonireka, hāparo-(hāparo-tahi tāpia), waiwaihā teitei, hākawa, me ētahi atu Next, i raro i te Rakei te ki Māturu. Tuatahi, he ranunga ki te ihirangi waipiro o e pā ana ki 70%, ka ko nui haere te taumata o te whakamutunga ki te 96%. i haere Ethyl waipiro mo te purenga whakamutunga i roto i te waro whakahohe.

Ōhanga pai ki te faaineine i synthetically waipiro - ethylene, e i raro i te mahi o te ngāwhā waikawa homai decomposes Etera sulfatnoetilovy raro i te mahi o te wai, me te Ethyl waipiro ki te waikawa ngāwhā. Me kï reira e taea te synthesized te waipiro i acetylene. Hoki tenei whakaaro, i haere acetylene roto i te wairewa o te ngāwhā waikawa i roto i te aroaro o te whakakōkī, piri te reira i te wai e haere ana ki hāparo-. maturuturu ana te hāparo-tahi te atu me te heke ki te hauwai ki te waipiro. faaite waipiro kukū te i roto i nga nekehanga, hei tauira, 33 °, 40 °. Ēnei nekehanga tohu te nui rōrahi o te waipiro i roto i roto i te 100 wae o rōrahi o te otinga.

He nga māka waipiro e whai ake nei:

- raw (92-95 °), iti rawa whakawāteatia o hinu fusel me aldehydes;

- whakatikaina (95-96 °), ngā noa o poke;

- pūmau - whakaritea anhydrous;

- denatured - waipiro raw, ki nei e tapiritia pyridine turanga nitrogenous tūturu; Kei te whakamahia te reira mō ngā take ahumahi, me te kāinga.

waipiro Ethyl - Inflammable wai mārama he tauhohenga kūpapa, te kakara waipiro, me te tahu reka. waipiro Pure ko te whakarewa organic pai. Tei te waihā kiato i runga i tona kukū i roto i te wairewa (hei tauira, 40 - 0.9352 70 - 0.8677 96 - 0.8014).

Ko te whakamahi o te waihā ewaro

Whakaitia whakamate microorganisms, ngā i nohanga i runga 60-70% ranei. whakahohetia te raau nakunaku, Reflexively whakarei ake te mahi o te pokapū romahā me te ngakau mo te pouri. Waho tono rite te waipatu, tumu, he tautauā, me te tāmata i te maimoatanga o te weranga (tohu ahau me II) tikanga.