Whakahaere o raau taero: te ara. Whakahaere o te raau taero i roto i te huarahi rerekē: huapai me ngā huakore

tarukino haumanu ki te tinana kia hinga i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Te ara o te auau whakahaere tarukino takoto pānga haumanu, tona pakeke, me te roanga. I roto i ētahi wā, te tikanga i roto i i tomo i te tarukino ki te tinana tei runga i te āhua o ana mahi, a na reira matou ora. He maha ngā tikanga taketake mō te whakahaere ā-waha o taero, me ia o ratou kua ona pai me ngā raruraru. I mua i te kitea e koe i roto i te mea i te ara o te whakahaere tīpakohia, e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio rite te mea ahua o rongoā te tīariari.

Ko te momo matua o taero

I mua i te tautuhi i te ara o te whakahaere o taero ki te tinana, e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio te mea e te tīariari ahua o raau taero, a he maha ratou:

• Solutions - Ko te ahua wai o te tarukino. tohu ratou te taonga tarukino diluted i roto i te wai, te waipiro, glycerine ranei ētahi atu whakarewa. Ko te mea utu te haamana'oraa e kia kia mārama te kounga me te otinga unspoiled, kahore waipara paruparu matūriki ke ranei. kia te whakamahi ratou e rua mō te whakahaere parenteral me enteral.
• Decoctions me infusions - Kua rite enei moni i tipu. Ko te mea utu te haamana'oraa e kore e rongoa ratou mo te wa roa, e kore neke atu i te 3 ra i roto i te hauhautanga, maru i te rā.
• Papa - he teuteu puka totoka e kua whiwhi mā te pēhi i. Fele, kua tangohia e ratou waha, engari e taea me te ara i waho o whakahaere taero ki te mongamonga noa ratou ki te puehu.

• Dragee - Ko tetahi momo o momo totoka o rongoa āpiha, e hanga e ratou na roto i te laminating he rauemi turanga i runga i te granule. Whakamahia mō te whakahaere ā-waha.
• Capsules - puka mārō o te raau taero, pani te papa e ki te anga o te gelatin atu rauemi ranei. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, te raau taero kopakia ana i roto i te capsules ki te reka kawa kakara āhuatanga anga e tika ana ranei nui ngä fariiraa o enei tikanga. I tua atu, taea reira ki a koe te tiaki i te rauemi i te whakangaromanga tere i roto i te wahi kūnatu.
• Kānara - he puka inenga o te tarukino, i i ruma pāmahana kei roto i ahua mārō, engari kua rewa te reira i roto i te tinana tangata. Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te whakahaere o medicaments, ara mo kānara emit rua ngā momo - he rectal me vaginal.
• Te raima - he puka kirihou tikanga e raro i tamărûhia te mana o te pāmahana tinana te me ngāwari piri ki te kiri. E tika ana mō te whakamahi waho anake.
• Hinu - tikanga o te ōritetanga Kaore, kei te whakamahia matua mō ngā tono waho. Me i roto i ratou i roto i tona hanganga e pā ana ki te 25% totoka.

He maha ngā ara o whakahaere o raau taero, te titiro i ia o ratou.

Ngā momo o enteral

whakaaro ara Enteral o whakahaere o taero e tetahi o te watea, me te haumaru tino. He maha ngā momo o huarahi: waha, sublingual, rectal.

1. whakahaere Oral o te raau taero, i roto i te kupu atu, ingestion - ko tetahi o nga tikanga māmā tenei, i te mea he aha te tino maha te reira whakaritea e te tākuta maha. Absorption o raau taero, riro tenei ara, ko te nuinga i tūringiringi i roto i te kōpiro iti, i roto i te wā onge - i roto i te kopu. Ko te kite i muri i te 30-40 meneti pānga Taupānga. Ko tenei e kore he e tika ana te take mo te taua tikanga whawhati tata. Te tere me te faaoti o absorption whakawhirinaki i runga i te kai, tona hanganga me te rahinga. Ko te kupu, ki te inu he rongoā i runga i te puku kau, ake te absorption te turanga ngoikore, rite te kawatanga i te kopu, ko te iti, engari kei te pai riro te waikawa i muri i ingestion. Ko reira e te tahi mau raau taero, pērā i "pūhaumāota Calcium" e tomo te tinana i muri i ingestion, kia hanga i tai konupūmā rewakore, e tauwhāiti te taea o ratou absorption ki toto.

2. Te tahi atu ara ngāwari, me te whai hua o te whakahaere enteral o taero - sublingual. whakanohoia ana te rongoā kei raro i te arero, whakawhetai ki te whatunga nui o tōiti i te mucosa, kua digested reira rawa hohoro. puta te pānga i roto i te meneti torutoru. Kei te tino maha whakamahia i tēnei tikanga o te whakahaere mō te tono "Nitroglycerin" angina "clonidine" me "Nifedipine" mo te whakakore raruraru hypertensive.

3. E kore te te ara rectal whakamahia rawa pinepine. Fele te whakamahia ai ki te he te manawanui mate gastrointestinal, ki te he mauri ia ranei.

Enteral whakahaere: huapai me ngā huakore

ara me te tikanga o te whakahaere tarukino katoa, kua ratou painga, ano i enteral ratou i:

• Tapatahi, me te noho pai o te whakamahi.
• Naturalness.
• Ko te haumaru whanaunga mo te manawanui.
• E titau te reira kahore sterility aroturuki i kaimahi hauora.
• Ko te taea o te therapy wā roa-.
• Whakamarie mo te manawanui.

Ko reira e ano āhuatanga o ara enteral o whakahaere o raau taero:

• He puhoi te pānga.
• bioavailability Iti.
• tere rerekē, me te te faaoti o absorption.
• Pānga o te paraoa me te tahi atu wāhanga i runga i te tukanga momi.
• Ngoikore ki te whakamahi i te tūroro i roto i te āhua o te aita.
• Ko reira houhou ki te whakamahi i tūroro e whai mate o te puku, me te paru.

Puka o te whakahaere parenteral o taero

Ko te ara parenteral o whakahaere o taero tā whakahaere o taero i waho e pā ana i te tukanga o te pūnaha kūnatu. Ka taea te wehea te reira ki te maha momo.

Ko te papanga:

• Intradermally - Kei te te tikanga e whakamahia ana i tēnei tikanga mō ngā take tātaritanga, mo te tauira mo te mate pāwera whakamātautau tahu hoki rehunga rohe ranei.
• Sc - whakamahia ina e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i te pānga mōrahi o te tarukino. tutuki tēnei no te whakaratohia te apa ngako subcutaneous te ki te oko pai, a ka whakatairanga reira absorption tere.
• Intramuscularly - Kei te whakamahia ina ai werohia subcutaneous ritenga ranei mamae, ka rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tarukino te āta whenumi iho.

• Intraosseous - whakamahia tenei tikanga te Varavara, te nuinga ki te weranga whānui, me te e alangá mo deformation ka kore e taea te tono atu kōwhiringa.

Ki te whai koe ki te whakahaere tarukino, te ara i roto i nga oko e whai ake nei:

• IV - whakamahia ana tēnei tikanga ki te whakauru i te maha nui o taero me etahi taero e whai he whakaritenga taua mo te whakamahi.

• Intraarterially - te tono i ngā āhuatanga kāpeka, e kua meinga e te ru, he mate nui o te toto, asphyxia, electrocution whētuki, haurangi me mate.
• Ko te oko lymphatic - whakamahia tenei tikanga te ki kia rongoā e kore e taka ki roto ki te ate me whatukuhu, ki te whakarato i te täia tika atu ki te pae o te pakarutanga mate.

Ehara i te mea watea tonu ki te whakahaere intravascular o taero, e taea arahi te ara, me te roto i te kōhao:

• Pleural.
• Puku.
• Heart.
• Articular.

Parenteral whakahaere: pai me ngā raruraru

He maha ngā painga whakahaere parenteral:

• hanga i tēnei tikanga e taea ki te whakauru i te tarukino ki te hipa i te wahi kūnatu, i te mea tino nui mō ngā tūroro ki pathologies nui o te puku.
• hiahiatia Tere o te mahi i roto i te ohorere.
• Ko te tika dosing mōrahi.
• Receipt o te tarukino ki te bloodstream i roto i te puka tonu.

He maha ngā huakore te ara parenteral o whakahaere o medicaments:

• Me raau whakahauanga whakahaerea e ngaio whakangungua hauora.
• E hiahiatia ana ki te ū ki ngā iroiti, me te rongoā horoi.
• Uaua me te whakahaere taero noa taea ki toto, he pāpaka o te kiri i te wāhi i werohia.

inhalation

Ka taea te whakamahi ara hau o whakahaere o raau taero i roto i te maimoatanga o aerosols, hau (antiseptics te ahua) me puehu (konutai cromoglycate). Ki tenei tikanga o whakahaere o te tarukino ki te tiki roto hohoro, ka faaitoito ratou pānga haumanu. I roto i te tua, e mea ohie ko te kukū kaihoko whakahaere i roto i te toto - te mutunga o te inhalation arata'i ki te whakatārewatanga o te tarukino. Ki te inhalation aerosol tikanga kukū i roto i te bronchi tiketike rawa ki iti pānga pūnahanaha.

Otiia e kore e ti'a ia tatou ia e wareware e noa'tu te ki te inhalation kia whai hua, e kore e tukua te reira ki te tono nanamu. kia hoki kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e taea te taero hau whakaawe etahi (hei tauira, rehunga).

Pai me ngā raruraru o te inhalation

Kei te haere tonu matou ki te whakaaro ara o whakahaere tarukino. Huapai me ngā huakore o te tikanga me te inhalation. pluses inhalation:

• Mahi i te reira tika i roto i te māuiuitanga pae.
• Ka taea e ngāwari te tarukino tomo ki te pae o te mumura, haere taui te ate e ai tona kukū nui i roto i te toto.

Raruraru inhalation:

• Ki te hē nui patency arahau, te ô i te raau painga ki te pae mate.
• Ka taea e te formulations mukākā te ihu, waha, me te korokoro.

Ko te ara matua o te whakahaere o taero whakaaro, engari i reira he etahi e e hoki i roto i ētahi wā ka taea e riro mahuinga ia.

ara Rectal, tara, me te urethral o whakahaere

Ki te whakarite tatou i te ara rectal o whakahaere o taero ki whakahaere waha, he reira taea ki te mea rite te mea puta nui tere te pānga o te tikanga tuatahi. Kei te tere whenumi te tarukino ki te bloodstream i waho i huna i te wa ano i raro i te mahi o nga whākōkī o te wahi kūnatu me te ate.

suppositories Rectal e whakahaeretia ana ki te tinana, hinu, me ētahi atu momo o teuteu, e heke ana i mua, ka diluted, tenei wa ki te enemas. Ko te mea utu te haamana'oraa e te otinga whakaurua rectally, ka whakapehapeha nui tere atu i te rama. enemas displacement hoki pakeke ko te 50 ki te 100 ml, a mo ngā tamariki - i te 10 ki te 30 ml. Ko tenei tikanga o te whakahaere tarukino i reira e ano āhuatanga:

• tono whakararuraru.
• rerekē auau Motuhake, me te oti pikitia o te momi.

Ko te aha tūtohutia te anake te ara rectal o whakahaere i roto i te wā i reira he uaua whakahaere-waha ina e hiahia ana koe ki te patu i hohoro te tarukino ki te bloodstream me mahi e contraindicated werohanga mo etahi take ranei i tetahi atu.

Tara me ngā tikanga urethral tukua ki te whakauru i tetahi teuteu puka. Heoi, tikanga e rua hoatu nga hua pai, ka tono mo te maimoatanga o mate i roto i enei whekau mo te tātaritanga ranei, mo te tauira mo te whakahaere o āpiha rerekē, pērā i "yodamid" "Triombrast" me etahi atu.

ara filosilivá me intracranial o whakahaere

I roto i te wā tino onge te whakamahi i intracranial me filosilivá (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, me ētahi atu) i werohia. Ko te tika tenei te nuinga ki te meka e kia taau anake taua tikanga ki te whakauru i te tarukino. rapu taua tikanga te whakamahi o horomata anake, tino mārama wairewa waiwai pono ki te tauhohenga kūpapa. Ko te mahi mai nohopuku.

pūnaha haumanu Transdermal

I roto i ngā wā tata nei i reira e taero i roto i te puka hou. pūnaha Transdermal whakaora (TTS) - tetahi o ratou. Ko ratou ngohengohe, puka inenga urutau mō te tono waho ki te tuku puhoi o te taonga tarukino. TTC Modern - tenei kiriata, me pāti e i hanga mā te whakamahi i te hangarau toi, me te tino ngāwari ki te whakamahi i: te papaki i piri ki runga ki te kiri, me te kiriata takoto paparinga. Ai te whenumi te taonga taketake ki te bloodstream i roto i te kiri mucosa ranei.

He maha tākuta huri noa te ao i roto i nga tau tata ake me te ake aro utu ki te ara hou o te whakahaere o raau taero. Huapai me ngā huakore i katoa, tae atu me te TTC. Whakaaroa nga pluses:

• Kei te mahi Medicine i te tere vitiviti.
• Ko te raau tomo te toto āta kahore te whati, e taea ai hoki te taumata pūmau o te rauemi turanga.
• Kei te tino waho sensations kino, E pā ana hoki tenei ki retching, me te mamae i nga werohanga.
• Ko te ngaro oti o ngā pānga kōaro ki runga ki te wahi o te wahi kūnatu.
• Whakaiti i te auau o te mate pāwera.
• Ko te taea o te withdrawal tere o te raau taero, ka pa whakarere i reira te mea he contraindication.
• Te inenga tangohia.
• Faingamālie ki te tohu te tuku o rongoā ki te wahi e hiahiatia ana o te tinana.

Ia o nga ara whakaahuatia o whakahaere o taero he ona ake me ngā raruraru. Otiia kahore he mea pehea pai ko te tikanga, ko te mea matua e kia whakarite ai i te tākuta, a ko reira e minaminatia e kawea te aratau tino matatini me te onge o te whakahaere i te taha o te tangata rawa whakangungua i roto i te whare hauora. Tangohia tiaki o koe, ki kore whai ki te whakaaro he aha, ara ki te whakaora i te tarukino ki te tinana.