Āhei: Kei hea ko te anatomy, mahi, hanganga

Kei te haere ana tika - haamaitairaa Home o te tangata. ka taea e tika ana ki ngā huringa faufaa i roto i te pūnaha o te tautoko me te kaupapa, e ngā te kōhiwi me uaua. ona tari katoa i te urutaunga mahi pai ki te tūnga poutū o te tinana. arahina tenei ki te tuku o te alangá runga ki te whai wāhi i roto i te kaupapa o te tinana, me tona whakaurunga i roto i ngā momo o te mahi tinana: pupuri me te whawhe pū o ngā me taputapu, te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi pono tangata. tauira maitai o ratou ko te kaha ki te tuhituhi, ki te tākaro mea whakatangi, peita, tuitui, piri tonu, a na i runga i. D.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka arotahi tatou i runga i nga āhuatanga o te hanganga o te whitiki o te waewae o runga, e ngā mata, me te paewai. Kei hea, he aha ngā mahi mahi te reira i tona tūranga i roto i te pūnaha musculoskeletal o te tangata?

Wāhi o te āhei i roto i te kōhiwi tangata

Bone, wahi o te whitiki o te alangá runga hono te ki te whaturei mā tahi sternoclavicular. Ko te wahi lateral o te āhei e pā ana ki te pokohiwi mata - acromion. I tenei wāhi, te wheua kua he, mata taratara kāmelí mo roa tāpiritanga uaua pokohiwi nape taputapu mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha. Ki te pai mahi ki te meka e te paewai taua, whakaaro te hanganga o tetahi o nga wāhanga o te pūnaha musculoskeletal - runga whitiki e alangá.

Āhei rite te wahi o te whitiki e alangá runga

Hei ea wheua i hono ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana, i roto i te kōhiwi tangata kua he tari motuhake, arā, o wheua takirua - mata tapatoru, me te paewai. Ei tuhaa o tona tinana te whitiki pokohiwi, tae atu i te āhei, kua whai vertebrates, mai te māngai o te superclass Pisces. Kei te tino pai te whakawhanakehia te reira i roto i kararehe e whakamahi ratou forelimbs i te tukanga o te pupuri taonga parakete kaupapa ranei ara brachiation (hei tauira, Gibbons). A feruri i atu, i reira te paewai me reira ko tenei wahi o te tinana. He te ahua o te Latin reta S, hono ona wahi ā-o te whaturei, me te waho - he koko, mo te kaha o enei wahi whakapakaritia hononga tuhonohono.

I te wa o te kaupapa poutū o te wheua pokohiwi huri i runga i ona tuaka rite te kī i roto i te rohe tītere, i konei te ingoa - te paewai. mutu i muri i runga i ona mahi i roto i te tinana.

Ko te tūranga o te wheua o nga waewae i runga, i roto i te pūnaha tautoko whitiki, me te hokohoko

I mua, kua tāutuhia matou i roto i te kōhiwi tangata, te wahi i te paewai. Anatomically, te hono reira ki te mata, me te whaturei, whakarato i te tautoko i runga i nei eke te te peke. faarahi pai te hanganga o taua he pūhui-hua te kaha tīwera o nekehanga o te ringa. kaimahi te āhei rite reira tētahi wāhi i te taha o te mahi te mīhini o te pito o runga ki te pouaka, me te tuarā. Ki reira piri te tahi mau uaua nui e tākaro e rua tūranga rerekore, me te hihiri. Anatomy o te āhei, te mahi e te hunga tūturu, te hanganga matua ā-tika. tango tatou i te titiro i a ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

wheua Histogenesis

I roto i te wā whanaketanga embryonic o paparanga embryonic i hanga momo pūtau tuarua pērā i fibroblasts, chondroblasts me osteoblasts. O ratou ki te whakawhanake atu taua kiko hanga whēkau o te pūnaha musculoskeletal, pērā i tūhonohono, wheua ngohe me te wheua. Hei whakahoki i te pātai: he aha te mea te paewai i roto i ngā o te hanganga ā-, mahara e reira he wheua e kua huaina whakauru i roto i te kōhiwi tangata. E hanga e ratou e huānga he rerekē takenga. Hei tauira, i hanga te āhei kei roto i te wahi i te kiko tūhonohono, osteogenesis tuku kahore hanganga o ngohe, i roto i te wahi hoki o chondrocytes, e ite te tukanga o te ossification.

E uaua e piri ki te whitiki o te wahi o runga

E kawea nekehanga tinana katoa i roto i roto i te wheua kaha o te kōhiwi, me uaua, mea tuhonohono piri ki a ratou. Na, ki te whakaturia i roto i te nekehanga i te e alangá runga i te tahi pokohiwi, heke ua pakihiwi te. Kia mahara tatou te wahi te paewai i roto i te tangata, me te whakatau i tona tūranga i roto i te kaupapa o te ringa. Ko reira ki te mata runga, me te mua o te wheua, wahi o te whitiki o te waewae o runga, pakihiwi piri. Ki te mata muri o te āhei te whakamahi i trapezoidal me Taparara koeke tuhonohono uru me te uaua sternocleidomastoid.

Ko te tuatahi o enei statically mau te hoki o runga i roto i te tūranga tika, whakarato te tuarua he matenga paraharaha me honga, a kia whai wāhi i roto i te nekehanga romahā.

Kia pehea te ko te hanganga o te āhei i roto i te embryogenesis

Hei āta matau ki ta te paewai, whakaaro te huarahi o tohuwāhi wheua. Ko te hanganga o te kōhiwi i roto i te kukune haamata ki 5-6 wiki o te whanaketanga fetal, a ko te tukanga o te ossification. Na te wheua tuatahi i hanga e te i roto i te osteogenesis - he paewai. ka waiho ia tetahi o te whakamutunga tino i hanga, tona ossification pumau ki runga ki te 21 tau o te ora. haamata Ko tōna ahua ki paparanga whakakotahitanga Tuarua Germinal pūtau i roto i te rōpū e pā ana ki tōiti anatomically kukune.

Ko te wehenga me te pārōnaki o ngā pūtau mesenchymal tuatahi mutu ki te ahua o muka arā, o fibroblasts. Na ka kohikohi ratou i roto i to ratou kollagenopodobnoe taonga hanganga - osseomukoid me te tango i te ahua o muka. A tawhio noa ratou i reira he osteoblasts - pūtau tuatahi o te wheua kikokiko tīmata ki te whakaputa i kohuke. aho kaiota te moe ki tai, ngaro elasticity me te riro mārō. I hanga ngā pūtau wheua pakeke me tōiti e karapoti mau api wheua, he te ahua o mowhiti concentric me ipurau. Ko te kahu i waho o fibroblasts puta ki te kiriuhi wheua uhi i te paewai.

Māuiuitanga o wheua o te whitiki e alangá runga

Kua tautuhia matou he aha te paewai, me pehea te hua i te reira i roto i te whanaketanga embryonic o te tangata. Ko te kōhikohiko puta tika ana ki te osteogenesis clavicles tauwhatinga i roto i te ira me te meinga predisposition ira tangata.

Na, hypoplasia, e he tohu o underdevelopment ngaro o te āhei i roto i te hanganga o te whitiki e alangá o runga ranei, he tika te koha ki te ira kei roto i autosomes me kei roto i te āhua ngoi. Taua tauwhatinga rite ngaukino dysostosis clavicular abnormalities kitea wāhanga kanohi, me te cranial me haere tahi e matatahi pathological nekeneke me clavicles, me dislocations i roto i te tahi acromioclavicular. Tino maha, tuhia tahi runga māuiuitanga e alangá mo whitiki ki ētahi atu disorders i roto i te hanganga kōhiwi, pērā i roto i Goltz abnormalities syndrome i te whanaketanga dentition, ariā melanin te taikaha me te pāpaka kiri arataukai ngā ki hypoplasia o te clavicles.

I roto i tenei tuhinga, arotakehia matou te hanganga, mahi me te māuiuitanga taea o te āhei, i te mea wahi o te whitiki o te waewae o runga o te kōhiwi tangata.