Āhuatanga matū o te tai, me ngā tikanga mo to ratou faaineineraa

Tai - matū no ki te piha o pūhui pararopi, e ngā o te anion (toenga waikawa) me te māraa (ngota whakarewa). I roto i te nuinga o te wā i tenei tioata taonga o tae rerekē, me te ki rerekē memehatanga wai. Ko te māngai māmā o tenei piha o pūhui - konutai pūhaumāota (NaCl).

E wehea tai ki waikawa, taketake, me te noa.

Pūnoa (tauwaenga) e hanga e ina e whakakapi te waikawa ngota hauwai katoa i ngota whakarewa, ranei ka e whakakapia nga rōpū katoa hydroxyl e turanga waikawa toenga waikawa (hei tauira, MgSO4, Mg (CH3COO) 2). A, no te -hiko dissociation, whatiia e ratou ki raro, ki ng ngota whakarewa pai whakatupato me ng ngota tōraro i ako.

Ko te āhuatanga matū o tenei rōpū o Mariao:

• hanehane i pāmahana teitei;

• waha paparetanga (tauhohe ki te wai);

• tomo ki tauhohe utu ki te waikawa, turanga, me te tahi atu tai. Kia mahara te reira etahi o nga āhuatanga o enei tauhohe:

- he tauhohenga ki te waikawa e wahi anake ka tenei ko kaha waikawa atu e i ai puta te tote;

- tū te tauhohenga ki te turanga i roto i te take i reira i hanga mea rewakore te;

- tauhohe otinga saline ki te whakarewa, ki te te mahue ai i roto i te raupapa iahiko o te ahotea whakarewa, i te mea wahi o te tote;

- pūhui te tote i roto i te otinga ariu ki ia atu, ki te hanga e tenei te he utu hua rewakore;

•, pitihāoratanga e taea te pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te māraa ļa anion ranei.

Kua rite te tai waikawa i roto i te wā i reira anake whakakapi te wahi o te ngota hauwai i roto i te waikawa e ki ngota maitai (hei tauira, NaHSO4, CaHPO4). A, no te hanga i ratou dissociation -hiko hauwai me te whakarewa tīhiko, o nga ngota tīhiko toenga waikawa, Heoi āhuatanga matū o tenei rōpū ngā tai o te mau huru e whai ake nei rite te tote me te waikawa pūhui:

• E waiho i raro ki te whāwehe waiariki ki te hanga i te tote tuarua;

• ähua ki alkali ki te hanga i te tote noa.

E whiwhi tai Basic i roto i te wā i reira te wahi anake o te rōpū hydroxyl whakakapi e turanga nga ngota tīhiko o waikawa (hei tauira, Cu (OH) ranei Cl, Fe (OH) CO3). E dissociated taua pūhui ki tīhiko whakarewa me ng ngota o te toenga hydroxy me te waikawa. Ko te āhuatanga matū o tenei rōpū o tai ngā tohu matū āhuatanga matū me te tote, me nga turanga i te wa ano:

• āhuatanga e waiariki whāwehe;

• ähua ki te waikawa.

He ko te ariā o matatini me tai rua.

Matatini kei roto anion matatini te māraa ranei. Ko te āhuatanga matū o tenei momo o te tauhohenga ngā tai complexes whakangaromanga, tahi e te hanganga o te pūhui torutoru wairewa. I tua atu, e taea ki te whakawhiti ligands i waenganui i te wāhi o roto, me te waho ratou.

Tärua hoki he tīhiko rua rerekē, me te taea ariu ki rongoā kawakore (whakaiti tauhohenga).

Methods o te whakarite tai

Ka taea te whiwhi ēnei matū i roto i te ara e whai ake nei:

• te tauhohe i te waikawa ki ngā konganuku, e he ahei ki te teke'i te ngota hauwai;

• te turanga tauhohenga me te waikawa, turanga whakawhiti te rōpū hydroxyl te ki toenga waikawa waikawa;

• te mahi o te waikawa i runga i amphoteric me waikura taketake, tai konganuku ranei;

• te mahi o turanga i runga i waikura waikawa;

• tauhohenga i waenga i te waikura waikawa me te taketake;

• tai na roto i te tauhohe i ki ia atu ranei ki te konganuku (whakauru tauhohenga) ;

• faaineineraa o tai whakarewa i roto i tauhohe ki-konganuku kore;

• pūhui te tote waikawa whiwhi e te tauhohenga tai reo ki te waikawa o te taua ingoa;

• rite taonga tote taketake e te tauhohe i te tote ki te nui te iti o alkali.

Ko te kupu, kia kia rite tai i roto i ara maha, mai e hua ratou rite te hua o maha tauhohe matū i waenganui i te ngā matū pararopi me te pūhui.