Aircraft kaihoahoa Igor Sikorsky: biography, hanga

I teie mahana, whakatinana Sikorsky Ikoa Ivanovich te whanaketanga angitu o te momo nui e toru o te rererangi hou. puta te rererangi nui wha-engine, Rapa kaipuke e rere me topatopa multipurpose, i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te rererangi, whakawhetai ki te poto o te rererangi rongonui.

Igor Sikorsky: biography

pionie Aviation i whanau nei Mei 25, 1889 i roto i Kiev, Ukraine (ka - te Russian Empire). Tona papa, Ivan, ko te rata me te ahorangi o te mātai hinengaro. hoki a whaea te tohu hauora, engari e kore kua te mahi i whai wāhi. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich iwi o to ratou huinga whakaaro - ona matua mai i te ra o Pita ahau ko te minita o te Siu Ekalesia Russian, na reira, i Russian ratou. Ko tētahi o ana haamana'oraa matamua ko te kōrero o te whaea e ngana ana ki Leonardo da Vinci ki hoahoa rererangi. Mai i taua momeniti riro te moemoea o te rere tona whakaaro, ahakoa te meka e ia toutou korero e pā ana ki taea ki te whakamatau tenei. I te pae hopea, i te tau o te 12 tau, hanga Ikoa Sikorsky te toparere tauira. Te mahi i runga i te pūngao o here rapa miro, whakatika hanganga ki te rangi. Na mohio te tamaiti e kore ko tona moe pakimaero wairangi.

haere fakalaumālie

He tau torutoru i muri, i te mea kua takoto Ikoa me tona papa i roto i Germany, ako ia o nga rōnihi mua tuatahi whakahaeretia e te Kaute von Quaker. Ia tai'o ano e pā ana ki te whati angitu o nga teina Wright, a ka patua e te meka i korerotia te niupepa he taua paetae nui i roto i te iti i runga i te whārangi whakamutunga. I taua wa, faaoti Sikorsky ki horo'ai tona ora ki te rererangi. Ko tōna whakaaro motuhake i ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūrere e taea whakaparo i runga i tetahi ira rere ranei i roto i tetahi aronga e hiahiatia ana - te waka.

Ia anga tonu ki te kawe i roto i o ratou ngā i roto i te piha hotera iti, te hanga i te rotor, me te ine i tona ara. Ki runga ki hoki mai ki Kiev Ikoa maka Kuratini Institute, ka anga ka rangahau whānui i roto i te puta mai i ngā wāhanga o te pūtaiao. Ko ia e kore e ara e rua tekau, i ia he ngākau nui, me te rota o whakaaro, engari iti wheako mahi, me te moni.

Kura o aeronautics

hohoro haere Igor Sikorsky ki Paris, ki te hoko i te pūkaha me te tahi atu wahi mo tona waka. I reira, i te rererangi rohe, te kakara o tahu hinu Katoro me ahua ta'ehaohaoa, tauira pakeke o te rererangi, e ngana ana ki te rere, mahue he tohu e ngaropoina ana i runga i tona wairua. I maoro piri Sikorski te hou hanga, tino ōpaki kura aeronautics French, Heoi, i kore whiwhi ākonga vēkeveke tetahi tupono ki te tiki ki te rangi. A, no te hoko i te pūkaha Anzani toru-rango, tutaki ia Louis Bleriot, nei hoki hokona te pūkaha mo tona Pālesi hou. Tau hepetoma i muri, ka tomo te Bleriot toa te hītori o rererangi, i hanga te rere tuatahi puta noa i te Ingarihi Channel. pāngia hohonu tenei hui o mua te whanaketanga atu o te rererangi.

Ko te hoahoa tuatahi

I ngā tau pokapū-1909, oti Ikoa Sikorsky tona waka tuatahi. Otiia, kahore he mea te nui tona rua counter-tītaka rotor i roto i te rangi, i te wae kua kore whakaaturia te hiahia iti ki te neke. Sikorski hopea hanga he biplane me i Pipiri o te taua tau whakaarahia reira he torutoru mita ki te rangi. Ka rite ki whakamatauranga ia angitu hoki te hunga i rite tekau ma rua hēkona. I roto i nga marama e whai ake nei, i hanga Ikoa hanga ratou atu Momo te rere poto, me te maha whawhati ratou, kihai i nei i nohinohi i roto i nga ra wawe o te rererangi. Otira kei te whakamahi ia e hangaia nga wahi rai e whai ake, pai ake tauira. kihai i Sikorski e ngoikore e te kore tuatahi, no te mea ako he rota e pā ana ki te waka, a ko ia tino e ki te kore aru e te rererangi, te tetahi e ka waiho i muri ia ia, tino ake ki te ra'iei te.

āhukahuka

Na roto i te tīmatanga o te puna 1910 ki te whakamatautau i te tuarua i roto i te rotorcraft rarangi i rite ai, i runga i nei mahi te rohirohi ore Sikorski. Ko rite pakeke rite tona kaihanga te waka. i faahiahia maiteraa kaihoahoa, engari ia āta i haere mai ki te mutunga pouri e pea ko mua o tona wa ia, a kia hanga he rererangi tuku iho.

No te tau maha, e kore mahi Sikorsky Aircraft o ngaro titiro o tona moe ki te hanga i te waka angitu pono. I maoro riro ia te pōkairua o te pairati o te aeroclub Imperial katoa-Russia me nekeneke hōia e tata ana Kiev kua whakaatu tona C-5. He te rererangi tutaki Tsar Nicholas II. riro tauira Next C-6A te tohu teitei i te whakaatu rangi i roto i Moscow. Ko te raruraru iti, ka, no te mea o te waeroa tanumia he aho wahie, i takoha me Sikorsky ki te hanga i te taunga ohorere, tahuri atu ki te kia mate.

"Muromets Ilya" - rererangi Rapa

Tenei raruraru arahina te rererangi ki te whakaaro o te whakanui ake i te tika o te rererangi mā te whakamahi i engines maha - te ariā faahiahia, me te tuwhena i te wa. whakaarohia Sikorski ki te hanga i te biplane wha-engine nui (mo te wa) rahi. ingoa whakatoi te manureva i "Grand". I roto i mua o te rererangi ko te taupee nui waho. He wehenga pāhihi wāteatea kei muri te pailati.

I roto i te Mei i mahi 1913 rererangi tona rere whakamātautau tuatahi. Tenei rere ko te kau o te mauruuru nui whaiaro, rite mea he tokomaha Sikorski e kore e taea e te taua rererangi nui rere. Tona whakapono i roto i to ratou whakaaro, me te faaotiraa ki piri ki to ratou ake rau whakapono Waiho. haere mai Tsar Nicholas II ki te tirotiro i te "Grand" me kua aroaro mo te whanaketanga o te wha-engine manureva rererangi kaihoahoa tuatahi te tiaki whaowhao. Ākina e Sikorsky hanga he rererangi ara nui, Nō "Ilya Muromets". i te manureva i te piriti tuwhera runga ake te takere, te wahi i taea e tu i te tira haere maia, me te oaoa i te pae i raro. kaipuke Big ko he sensation i te hōia, a ka tae māngai o te Russian Navy i mua ki te tirotiro tauira, rite rawa ki te pontoons.

Ko te World tuatahi

I muri i te kōhurutanga o te Austria Archduke Franz Ferdinand Russia topa i te i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. "Ilya Muromets" i puta ki te bomber, i meinga te pūtake o te ino rangi Russian ki nga Tiamana. I roto i te katoa, whai wāhi te rererangi i roto i neke atu i te 400 haerenga a, me tetahi anake i pakaru e anti-rererangi ahi. A, no te i roto i 1917 kahakina te revolution Bolshevik te kingitanga, faaoti matou kōrero hero ki te waiho i te whenua. I roto i te raumati o 1918, noho Sikorskiy Ikoa Ivanovich, nei utuafare i roto i Russia, mahue taonga whaiaro katoa, ka haere ki Paris, i reira ka timata ia ki te hoahoa i te bomber nui mo te Air Service Army United States. Otiia kawea te mutunga o te pakanga i te mutunga ki tona mahi. Tau ava'ei muri iho, heke ia ki te US, Sikorsky ki te whakatutuki i te moemoea o tona ora. I roto i te Hononga o Amerika, i ia kahore hoa moni ranei. Otiia i faauruhia ia, no te mea whakaaro ahau e i roto i tenei whenua te iwi ki tu whakaaro i te tupono o te angitu.

Ko te moe American

I muri i te wa poto mahi ia i roto i te kamupene "McCook Field" i roto i te Dayton, Ohio, āwhina ana ki te whakawhanake i te super-rererangi. Otiia i whakaaro te rererangi i te peka mate o te ahumahi me te hoki kore mahi Sikorski ki New York. Ehara i te kimi i te mahi i roto i te ahumahi rererangi, ka anga ia te whakaako hoki manene Russian i roto i te pāngarau me te arorangi. I te wa ano, tae ia airfields rohe, me te minamina whanga ana tangata ke manureva. timata Ikoa ki kauwhau i runga i te kaupapa o te rererangi, ka whakauria he faingamālie pūtea ki te hoki ki tona take tino. whakawhanakehia Sikorsky te māhanga-pūkaha rererangi arumoni, e taea o e mau ana 12 ki te 15 pāhihi - te matamua o te airliner hou.

tuatahi American

I muri piki te nui e hiahiatia ana, ka timata a Sikorsky te hanga o te rererangi i roto i te whare witi o te pāmu heihei i runga i te moutere o Long. Otiia kihai i nga wahi katoa nui te moni, a ka whakamahia e ia he rota o wāhanga e tika ana i landfills rohe. i koroheke nga engines, te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I te pae hopea, te kaitito nui Russian Sergei Rachmaninoff whakaorangia ohaurunga teina i roto i te nui o $ 5,000. I rite hoki tona rere whakamātautau tuatahi te rererangi hou, huihuia nga kaiāwhina rererangi waru i runga i te poari. mohio Igor Sikorsky ko reira he hape, otiia kihai ahau i taea e ratou whakakahore. I muri tīmata te puhoi rahua te engines, a hanga Ikoa te taunga ohorere, nui hoko i te manureva. E au ra te reira e ko te mutunga tenei. Ko Sikorski roa i mua ako kore ki te hoatu ki runga, me te i muri i te marama ruarua whakahokia te manureva i huaina te C-29-A. Reta "A" i konei e pā ana ki te kupu "Amerika". C-29-A ko rererangi Koinei pai, whakarite i te angitu pūtea o te kamupene Sikorsky. hokona Aviator Roscoe Turner te rererangi ki te kawe i roto i te wā, me te tūtohinga rerenga. I muri mai i ara whakamahia te waeine rite te toa avaava e rere.

I te tau 1926, i oaoa e pā ana te utu i roto i te nui o $ 25,000, i whakaarohia e te tangata tuatahi e mahia pokanoa rere i waenganui i New York ko Paris i te ao rererangi katoa. I ui Sikorski ki te hanga i te biplane toru-engine nui mo te hero whawhai French Rene Fonck, whakaritea ki te riro i te taonga. Ko te waka i roto i te hohoro ki te faaineineraa hopea i mua i te mutunga o te whakamātautau rere. I roto i te wakarererangi oho rererangi overloaded roto i te puranga. I roto i te torutoru noa hēkona, ka tahuri ia ki te pukaka ngiha. matatau mawhiti Fonck, engari i patua ngā kauhoe rua. Tata tonu whakahau te toa Wīwī tetahi manureva ki te rua te wa ki te ngana ki te tiki i te utu. Otiia i mua i taua i hanga, e matau tangata Charles Lindbergh oti tona whati takitahi puta noa i te Atlantic Ocean, ka riro i te taonga me te faahiahia o mirioni o te iwi.

"Ko te avion American"

Kia ano, te kamupene Sikorsky i whawhai mo tona oraraa. Na ka whakaritea e ia ki te hanga i te ika whenua mahanga-engine. ko te tino mahi, me te pono te pereni, a ka hanga Sikorsky he kaipuke o rererangi. Tata tonu, whakamahia te Pan American Airways te amphibians mo te hanganga o ara rangi hou i roto i Central me Amerika ki te Tonga.

atu whakahau atu taea ia rave faaoti i hohoro a Sikorski. whakaritea e ia te kamupene, a hanga ana he wheketere hou i roto i Stratford, Conn. He tau i muri mai, ka te kamupene he āpiti katoa a puritia "United Aircraft Corporation". patua ana Sikorsky ki te hanga i te rererangi waka faura'o nui ki Pan Am, i ko ki te riro i te pionie i roto i te mara o te waka trans-moana. Kororia nui "American Clipper" Ko te momo hou tuarua o rererangi, hanga rererangi kaihoahoa. Ko te āhuatanga o te rererangi ko tata rua te rahi o te tahi atu waka rererangi i te wa. I te mutunga o 1931, i muri i Mrs. Gerbert Guver "ripeka" "Clipper", hanga Charles Lindbergh reira rere tuatahi i Miami ki Panama Canal.

Tenei poti e rere nui ko te matamua o te raupapa o rite aparata i whariki nga ara rangi US puta noa te moana. I roto i te pai ko te C-42, i oti i roto i te 1934 me te he āhuatanga pai rawa e whakahohea Lindbergh ia ra whakatakotoria pūkete 8 ao mo te tere, ngā me te ututaumaha! Taimi nounou mei ai, Pan Am poti rere whakamahia ki te whakatuwhera i ngā hononga rangi i waenganui i te US me Argentina. E ono marama i muri mai, i tetahi atu "Clipper" rere atu o Alameda, California, a whakatuwheratia he huarahi rangi ki Hawaii. I aru tenei e te tahi atu ara hau puta noa te Kiwa ki Aotearoa. I roto i te 1937, tetahi "avion" hanga te rere auau tuatahi puta noa i te Te Tai Tokerau Atlantic. Na rave te rererangi nui atalanitikí Sikorsky i roto i transportation arumoni i roto i rua i te moana matua.

Moemoeā mai pono

I roto i enei tau katoa o kaihoahoa rererangi angitu kore Ikoa Sikorsky wareware tona hiahia ki te hanga i te waka mahi. e kore ia whakaaro o reira rite te mahi, kaua ko reira he moe, hiahia ia ki te kawe ki neke atu i te tetahi atu te ora. I roto i te 1939, i te pae hopea ua ite Sikorsky te whāinga o tona ora, ka whakawhanakehia te toparere tūturu tuatahi. Ko te pūrere ko te raruraru tino hou, me te uaua pērā i ko te kaihoahoa ki te horo'a ia ki te whakaoti i te reira. Ko te wero i huaina hoki tona maramarama katoa, pūngao, me te aroha ki te rere. Otiia ko tenei paetae tona faingamālie ki te kia ano i runga i te mimiha o te wero hou, e hoki na te roa moe o Sikorsky. Ko te toparere i te rererangi whakaaro whaiaro mō runga i toru tekau tau. Na inaianei, i roto i te puna o 1939, ka timata ia tona hoahoa, mā te whakamahi i te whakaaro putu i roto i tenei wa katoa. E Mahuru i rite mo te whakamātautau tuatahi i te kōwae. i te mīhini kotahi matua me te rua takahuri iti i te mutunga o te wahi tubular o te takere - ki fakafepaki'i taipana. I tua atu, whakamahia reira te pūnaha ahurei o te huri i te koki o te matatahi rotor i roto i te hurihanga. I roto i te poto mīharo-ono marama wā o te wā kua reira kua hinga tetahi o nga raruraru a tātau o te rererangi.

Making huringa ki te hoahoa i roto i 1941. Sikorskiy Ikoa Ivanovich tukua te record tuatahi o te roanga o te rere - 1 haora 5 meneti, me 14 hēkona. E rua ra i muri mai, rite rawa ki te taritari o te mīhini i taea te tīmata e rua i runga i te whenua, me te i runga i te wai. Heoi hanga Sikorski tona takoha nui te toru ki te rererangi sinó te moe o te mīhini rere ke, e ka mahi mahi atu tino tika ki te taata, me te maongo te ao me ona huri mai pai i roto i te rangi. Ano, ka waiho i te topatopa he pou ki te tangata ki aueue whakapono i roto i te moemoea nui, me te noa atu whaiaro-whakawhirinaki, i whakaaetia ki te tae te whāinga.

Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, te tenenga o i mahue te tohu kitea i runga i te hītori o te rererangi, ka mate a Oketopa 26, 1972.