Alexander Sumarokov: A Haurongo "papa o te whare tapere Russian"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, tona biography te tühonohono te ki te whanaketanga o te tikanga motu o te rau tau XVIII, whakaaro te ki hei te "papa o te whare tapere Russian." Ia i mahi ia kia rite ki kaitito me te librettist. Tona whai i roto i te tuhinga Russian, ara no te mea o ana mahi whiti i runga i te teitei hou i te wa. riro tona ingoa kua iho i roto i te hītori o Russia.

Ko te kainga taitamariki ki te ingoa pai tawhito

Whiringa 25, 1717 i roto i Moscow ki te hapu o Ensign Pita Sumarokova tama, i huaina Alexander. Ka rite ki maha tamariki a nga hapu rangatira matamua, ara, no tetahi o ratou ki te puninga Sumarokov, ko ratou whakangungu tuatahi, me te mātauranga o te tamaiti i te kāinga i raro i te arata'iraa o ngā kaiako me ngā kaiako mahi e ona matua.

I roto i aua tau, ki maha nga rangatira taitamariki hoatu hiahia ki te mahi hōia. Ko ahau kahore okotahi me Alexander Sumarokov. Haurongo o tona ora motuhake tīmata ki tonu mai te tau o rima tomo ia te whenua Gentry Corps, whakatuwheratia i roto i te St Petersburg i nga whakahau o Empress Anny Ioannovny. I roto i ona taiepa e waru nga tau noho ia, a konei mo te wa tuatahi i timata ki te ako tuhinga.

Āpiha tauira Corps me te mahi ka ū mai

Ko te wā o te ako i roto i te kaituhi tuhi Cadet Corps tuhi whiti me lyrics, whakatauira i runga i nga mahi o ngā kaituhi Wīwī me tona compatriot Vladimir Trediakovsky. Ana ngā tųpuna, tuatahi he patohanga whiti o te waiata. I tua atu, e waha ana te reira i roto i whakahau o ratou hoa - tuhi mo o ode mihi kingi i roto i aua tau i te Empress Anne Ioannovne, i he rawa nui i roto i te ahua.

I roto i te 1740, i roto i taitamariki paetahi ko corps o āpiha Alexander Sumarokov. kī Haurongo e ko i aua tau i tona ora he pai atu ake ake. I rua tekau-toru nga tau, i haina ia i roto i te tari o te Kaute Münnich, hohoro riro te hēkeretari tūmataiti tuatahi Count Golovin, na te Kaha Rawa Alekseya Razumovskogo. Otiia ahakoa oroko ake mahi, te whakatapua ia ia ki te tuhinga. Tona whakapakoko i roto i te hunga tau - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, ode rongonui i riro he tauira mo Sumarokova au maite me te rohe i roto i te rapu mō huarahi auaha.

Ko te rongo tuatahi pai-tika ana

Heoi, e kore e taea e kore artist pono kia makona ki anake te peehia o taua hanga e te tētahi atu, ko reira tonu ischot kāhua ake. Ko te aha Sumarokov tenei. tino haamata Haurongo o tona ora auaha ka, i roto i nga salons o te kāhui mātauranga o St Petersburg puta i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rārangi o tona aroha waiata. E kore te mea kōpeka tenei momo i whiriwhiria e te kaituhi. Ko ia te tangata e tukua te āhua tuwhera tino o te ngakau o Alexander - he kuao āpiha ngingila, ki tonu i te wheako whaiāipo i rawe ki ki tona tau.

Ko kua kawea mai te rongo tūturu ia i tangohia e wahi i te marae i roto i 1747 e kia ai whiti whakaari "Horepa". I te wa ano i whakaputaina ai, a ka wātea ana ki te iwi whānui, i hanga mohiotia motu tona ingoa. I muri i taua, ano i te marae, i mahi e rave rahi mongamonga, te kaituhi o i ko Sumarokov. Haurongo o tona mahi mai i tenei wa ki te taumata hou - riro te reira i te kaituhi ngaio.

Rich Sumarokova ora auaha

I 1752 i reira ko te hui nui. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna hainatia he tikanga i kawea mai i Yaroslavl ahua tapere tino o aua tau F. G. Volkova ka tono ia ki te whakarite i tapere tūturu tuatahi o Russia, tona kaiwhakahaere i whakaritea Sumarokov.

haurongo Poto o ia anake i roto i ngā whānui e taea te hoatu e te whakaaro o te takoha tino taonga i hanga e kua tenei tangata i roto i te hanganga o te atamira Russian o te ora, engari i roto i te mahara o whakatupuranga heke mai, kua ora taua reira rite te "papa o te whare tapere Russian", me tenei ka whakaae, ko atu pukorero atu tetahi kupu.

Tona tukufakaholo auaha o rerekē whānui. Kati te reira ki te haamana'o i te mau ati e waru i haere mai i tona pene, e rua tekau-toru comedies me opera libretti. I tua atu, i mahue Sumarokov he tohu nui i roto i te tahi atu mara tuhituhi. E tāngia ana mahi i runga i te whārangi o te hautaka mātauranga "tohi marama", me i roto i 1759 ka anga ia ki te whakaputa i ona ake moheni "pi Hard-mahi." I roto i te tau o muri o tā i roto i maha kohikohinga o ana whiti me tito.

Ko te mutunga o te ora o te rohipehe, me te mahara o uri

kawea Theatre Guide Sumarokov i te aroaro o 1761. I muri i taua, noho ia mo etahi wa i roto i te pane, a ka i roto i 1769 oho ki Moscow. Tenei kua ia he pakanga nui ki te rangatira o P. Saltykov, te taha e manako ana te Empress. ai tenei te whētuki aronganui pehe me tura'ii te nui raruraru pūtea. Otiia i roto i te noa'tu o te ati, i roto i te mau hitu ahuru, ia, kia rite ki kairangahau, tuhi ana mahi pai, pērā i "Dmitry te taata faahua", "Vzdorschitsa" me te tini ke atu. mate ia i runga i Oketopa 12, 1777 ka tanumia i te urupā Donskoy i Moscow.

Uri taa maitai ia nga hua o ki te fatherland tenei tangata. I te rongonui pou "Mileniuma o Russia" i roto i te whika hītori rongonui o te kāwanatanga, me te e māngai e Alexander Sumarokov (whakaahua o te kaipānui ahanoa taea kite i te whārangi). I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai tupu whakatupuranga o kaitito nei ko te kororia, me te whakapehapeha o to tatou tikanga, a kua meinga ana mahi tapere he pukapuka mō Playwrights heke mai.