Angiosperms - te tihi o te kunenga mai o te ao te tipu

uru otaota ki te whenua, i puta i te timatanga o te wā Silurian (e pā ana ki 435 miriona. tau ki muri), tahi e te maha o ngā rerekētanga kunenga kounga. i takoha Plants ki te urutau ki te huri tikanga o te ora whenua. I roto i te kukuwhatanga o ratou kiko hou puta (kiriwaho, kōtai, kōkai, kiko mīhini) me okana (tupu pururu, me te pakiaka). Neke atu i te wa, e kore te tahito Rhyniophyta kua hanga e whakakapi te wana i momo aruhe e horapa puta noa i te whenua i roto i te Devonian (e pā ana ki 400 miriona. Tau mua). I roto i te Mesozoic (235-132 miriona. Matahiti i ma'iri) i runga i te aorangi te nuinga e gymnosperms, a muri ratou i reira he angiosperms, e kua whakaaro te keokeonga o otaota kukuwhatanga.

ngawhatanga Angiosperms i roto i te Cenozoic - te taitahi papawhenua, i timata e pā ana ki 66 miriona tau ki muri, me te haere tonu ki te wa nei .. Ahakoa, te whakawa i te tānga i te kamaka whenei, i hoki i roto i te Mesozoic (e pā ana ki 130 miriona. Matahiti i ma'iri) ratou, engari ko ratou torutoru, me te tahito puka. Ko te angiosperms tuatahi - Nymphaeales māngai o te rōpū, e ngā rengarenga wai.

I tēnei wā, ko te maha tino te tari. I waenganui i te ao, me nga amo o te rua kahore he wahi, kei hea i reira he tikanga mo te tipu ora, engari e kore e kitea angiosperms. I tua atu ki te kanorau matawhenua whānui taea, āhuatanga e ringa rehe o ngā puka me ngā tikanga o te tupu angiosperms. duckweed Miniature puta noa i te mata o te harotoroto, me te rakau baobab nui, noho rau, me te ara mano o nga tau, cacti koikoi me tāwhara, huatau, haehaa, me te daisy nui Rafflesia puawai he mita diameter - no ratou katoa ki tenei tari. Tino he rōpū nui - angiosperms moana noho wai māori (te nuinga), me te tote (iti maha) roto. e kore e tahito peheé whakaaro, i roto i te rerekē, ko te hua o te urutaunga o ngā momo whenua o te taiao rōwai.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o angiosperms - te aroaro o te puawai, te whekau generative, te kawenga mō te whakaputa uri fakasekisualé, me te rata ana pollinating āpiha. No reira, ko te ingoa tuarua o te tari - otaota puāwai (Magnoliophita).

Kei te tika hono uri o angiosperms ki te tukanga o te te ruingahae, e whai wāhi ngārara, ngā manu, kararehe, te hau me te wai. I roto i te nuinga o climates ao e pollinating āpiha taketake pepeke. I roto i te ahopae pārūrū, whakamana tenei mahi e manu me whāngote. Pātītī i roto i Marehekepa, steppes me savannas, koraha tafu, momo rākau i roto i te Tundra me te motokā waenganui, tipu repo he hau-pollinated. He nui ono Water ruinga hae (hydrophilic) - he reira angamaheni mo nga momo, nga puawai e matomato i raro i te wai (hei tauira Zostera). I roto i aua rohe huarere i reira, puta whaiaro ruinga hae-kaore tetahi o nga tikanga e whai ake nei.

Ko te wāhanga i muri mai o te uri - kikiritanga me te hanganga hua. Tari o Angiosperms tipu āhuatanga e te momo kikiritanga rua pera-ka karanga. Hae e whiwhi i runga i te taupae, "tupu", me nga tangata ūhā neke i roto i te hae ngongo pūtau sex. whai wāhi Kotahi parāoa te i roto i te kikiritanga o te hua manu, me te tahi atu te hono ki te kahu motuhake o ngā pūtau - apa embryonic. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i te take tuatahi, he kukune, a i roto i te tuarua - ki ona kopa mana rokiroki hangaia.

He he he rōpū o ngā tipu e kore e e rapua e te ruingahae (e hanga e nga purapura i waho te whai wāhitanga o te hae) mo te hanganga o te hua. Tenei rōpū ngā dandelions, koroka o wahine, etahi momo o buttercups.

He hoki tipu e e vegetatively whakatipuria pai io, bypassing wāhanga puawai hanganga, te ruingahae me te matuatanga uri. Tenei te māhunga nui, māngaro me etahi atu māngai o te angiosperms.