Ergot - he aha te mea tenei?

Kei mushroom paitini pāhare ergot kino, ko te raruraru o te ahuwhenua me te i te wa ano āwenewene ngakia mō ngā take rongoā. Ko tōna horapa tere i runga i hua i roto i te anotau Middle arahina ki te putanga o urutā rite ki te hua o te ingestion o paraoa taro poke.

He nui i roto i te ara i te āhua he mīharo, me te tahi mea e taea e whakamatea ia, i te wa ano e taea ki te whakaora.

He aha te mea ergot?

Ergot - he puninga o te harore i te whānau kotahi. He Parasitic i runga i pata, tae atu rai me te witi katoa o ratou. Ka taea e kitea e koe he putanga o te ingoa o te harore - haona uterine. Ko te ingoa o te "ergot" mai i te kupu Russian Old te auraa "nui, i te taikaha." uara ihoa taua, kia rite ki te kaiwetereo O. Trubacheva, i roto i aua ra whanau te pūāhua euphemistic.

He tapawhā-elongated, tapatoru hanganga iti totoka o te āhua kōpiko ki kapiti wä roa me kita Sclerotia. Ko te mata o te pua pango me te papura, i ētahi wā ki te ma e te ngāwari murua i runga i te tae te hape ma ranei ki te urukehu kōwhai. Tei roa Sclerotia i runga i te momo o te totokore, e whakawhanake ergot (whakaahua i runga ake). Hei tauira, rai - he 1-3 cm me te diameter 6 mm o.

Ergot i roto i nga anotau Middle

Pau kararehe me te taata pāhare ergot he ona ake ingoa - ergotism. Te āhuatanga, i te ara, pūtaiao kï me i te Anotau, i tangohia e te huru papatipu. I taua wa, undemanding ki te oneone, me te rai pest-ātete tupu nga wahi katoa, me te taro, ko te tino kai. Kua tahuri nga purapura poke ki te paraoa, me te kupu whiwhi i runga i te tepu. meinga Ergotism he urutā nui, me i reira ko noa he Order motuhake o Antonito e hamani iwi huaketo.

Ahorangi Sheyn Rodzhers o te University o Clarkson me ana ākonga paetahi kua whakawakia te raruraru o kēhua, ka haere mai ki te mutunga e i roto i mau utuafare e rave rahi, te wahi i reira ko te tangi ke kite ranei, koa tonu i te tahi mau momo mōrearea o te pokepokea ai e taea he pānga i runga i te noho. Tenei ariā haapapu te tāpae kōrero e pā ana ki te mana o ngā ergot i wharekarakia Europe, tae atu ki ngā hunts makutu, nga Crusades. I roto i te whakaahua i runga ake - te peita i te kaipeita Ara, e tohu ana i te pānga o te ergotism urutā.

Ergot - he harore Parasitic ki te pāhare, e, kia rite ki te tahi mau pūrongo e kore, he poisoning anake, engari ano hoki moemoea, haehae, minamina. E mohiotia ana te hītori o enei tohu rite "cramps vahine tahutahu e" me "kikohangatia." kihai i whakangaromia Alkalodidy noa i muri maimoatanga wera (tunu taro). Taua whanonga o tūroro ki whiwhita fakalotú arata'i ki nunu'a fakamamahi.

Ko te huringa o te whanaketanga o te harore

mycelium fungal he urukehu whero, puta tona hanganga i roto i te puna, te mea te ahua o waewae ki upoko, i te hunga i runga i te tihi o tinana pounamu-āhua fruiting (perithecia), āta kitea i roto i te whakaahua i raro nei. I roto i te tukanga fakasekisualé rerenga whakamutunga, i te mea he gametangliev hononga, ai te whakatō kākano. Te reira i tomo tonu te wehenga (pūira) i roto i te putea (te ui) i hanga i te mycelium o te harore.

Na i roto i te raumati o purapura ergot (pua) i te hau pepeke ranei horahia maha kiromita a tawhio noa. Kia i roto i ngā tipu totokore whaipua pistil, e tipuria ana ratou, me te iku e kore te te witi i hanga, me te mycelium fungal. secretes reira inu motuhake e rata ana pepeke (honeydew). I roto i tenei ara, i reira he atu horapa i te pua harore. I muri mauriora ki te kura kākano e, i roto i tona wahi, pera-ka karanga te sclerotia - tetere i hanga weuweu tauta o te harore. A, no te he pakari te tarutaru, taka ana e ia ki te whenua, me te takurua i te oneone, a ka korerotia ano te tukanga i roto i te puna.

Mushroom i roto i te ahuwhenua

He nui māra Motuhake o te ergot ki whakarite ki te kino i ona mara ahuwhenua. E ai ki ngā paerewa o te ao, e kore e nui ake te ihirangi o pua fungal i roto i te witi paitini 0.05%. Heoi, hoatu etahi whenua te titauraa o te ngaro tūturu o pua i roto i ngā rauemi mata, ngā Ihipa. hohoro tohaina Ergot te me i roto i te nui tetahi he tonu reira i roto i te mara. E ai ki te tohunga, ki te kawea mai tona ihirangi i roto i te witi whakamutunga ki te kore he tino uaua, engari ko reira takahi taea.

Ko te ergot tino noa o te witi, rai me te parei. Ko te mehua matua ki te ārai i te harore - tino horoi o te mahuetanga o te purapura me te hinga (ngahuru) ngaki katoa i muri i te kotinga. Sclerotia patua ina parau. Ka rite ki te mehua whakatūpato, tūtohutia ana e ia ki te whiriwhiri mō te whakatō momo ki wā pua poto, me te tukutahi, me te mau i te ture o te hurihanga hua.

Ko te āhuatanga whai wāhi ki te horapa o taru grassy ergot me he aritarita o te mara, nui rerenga i roto i te taha ki te hau i roto i te wā pua totokore, te maeke me te kapua, e arata'i ki totoro o te wā pua.

Whakatö me te mahinga kai

Me kï reira e te ergot - he harore, horahia nga wahi katoa i reira he pata witi. Ko te take makariri tino pai hoki reira he haumākū nui (70%).

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia i runga ake, mō ngā take rongoā harore, tupu ergot ara papura, te rawa. Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira he pāmu o tipu hei rongoā, i roto i ngā i roto i te rohe Novosibirsk me Kirov o Russia, Peraruhia. Taringa o te rai rawa inoculated ki pua o te harore ā mihini werohia ranei. Loto i te wa ano ki runga ki te 4 taranata ia heketea.

kawea kohinga o rauemi raw i roto i roto i te wā o maoa, ka e peita nga haona i roto i te tae porouri-parauri, whakapakeketia a taea te ngāwari wehea i te taringa. maroke te rauemi kohia i roto i te toa pai hā i pouri. ki te kai oti hiahiatia haumākū kore neke atu i 11%, me te aroaro o te poke i roto i te nui o iti iho i te 1.5-2%.

pāhare ergot

I roto i te ho'oraa whakamahi i te haona (sclerotia) o ergot. E ratou e ono o pāhare stereoisomeric takirua. Ka hāngai ia levorotatory kaha ki te poinanaha dextrorotatory ngoikore iti rawa. I roto i ngā, me ergotaminin ergotamine, ergocristine me ergokristinin, me ergozimin ergozin, ergocryptine me ergokriptinin etc. te wāhanga matua o te pāhare levorotatory -. Waikawa Lysergic. Te hanganga me te te ihirangi o pāhare ririki koiora iwi harore āhuatanga o waho, me te whakato ope.

whiwhi LSD

kēmihi Swiss Albertom Hofmanom (whakaahua i runga ake) i roto i 1938, o nga pärönaki o waikawa lysergic roto i ergot, i whiwhi i te faaineineraa matū - LSD kati. 5 tau i muri mai, kitea tenei tangata ano nga āhuatanga hallucinogenic o te pūhui. I tēnei wā LSD i roto i te nuinga o nga whenua rāhuitia Convention te UN, me te te tukanga o te rangahau. Ko te okotahi ko Switzerland mai 2008 tukua ki te whakahaere therapy ki roto i tona rohe mō tūroro marere tae atu wāhanga tino o te mate pukupuku.

Te whakamahi i roto i te rongoā

I runga i te tono o pāhare i roto i te rongoā e mohiotia hoki te wa roa. Ergot - he harore, mātātoa whakamahia i roto i te mahi obstetric. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i meinga nga taero wā-roa, me contractions uterine kaha, me te mutu uterine toto. meinga ana tēnei mahi e te aroaro o pāhare levorotatory kaha physiologically, rawa ergometrine. Ko reira iti paitini i te tahi atu, e kore te mea rite tiketike te roanga o te mahi, engari he tere te pānga.

riro pāhare ergot Hydrogenated āhuatanga whakarokiroki. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e wāriutia ana e ratou i roto i te maimoatanga o te takawhita, migraine, mate a Basedow, disorders hinengaro.

e kore puta Ergot paihana anake i roto i te tangata, engari puta ano hoki i roto i nga kararehe. Mai te purapura ki te whangai ia ratou he hoki nui ki te aroturuki i te ma'a o witi kai mo te heihei, me te kararehe. Ko te tohu matua o te paihana he necrosis o te hiku, taringa, me wahi.

Tenei te he ia, ergot. Tenei ahurea i te viivii ore o te whakarato i te pānga pono ao i runga i te ao huri noa ia tatou. Ahakoa ka meinga mushroom iti urutā, ka waiho he rongoā whai hua ranei, tei reira ki runga ki te huarahi tika ki te natura taata.