General Whakaako - he aha te mea tenei? Tūmahi o ako whānui

Pakia i runga i nga ture whakahaere i te mātauranga o te tangata, Kei te whakawhanake nei i roto i te whakangungu me te tukanga mātauranga i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga o ngā momo katoa - ako whānui. āwhina ana tēnei mātauranga ki te tiki i te mohio o nga pūtaiao taketake o te hapori, o te natura, o te tangata. Na roto i ako rite te tirohanga ako i hanga, me te whakawhanake i te āheinga mō te mohio, riro te reira tauira mārama i roto i te tukanga o te ao, ngā pūkenga whiwhi rite mahi me te whakangungu, e he tika mo te katoa. ako General - ko te manawarū nui mo te hoko o te momo o ngā pūkenga mahi. Ko te pūnaha ariā o sciences ako, e tūhura ako matauranga, mahi me ngā tikanga, ariā, me te mahi. I tua atu, i te wahi i roto i te tahi atu mau ihi hipokina ako whānui. Ko na nui e timata maha akoranga ki te kaupapa tenei. Me Tuatahi o te katoa, ki te tautuhi i te tūranga, faufaa me mahi tahi ki ētahi atu ihi ki te wehewehe i waenganui i ariā, me te tono ako.

Wāhanga me ngā taumata

Kei te wehea Kaupapa o ako whānui ki wha wāhanga matua, ia o nei kua riro nei i te peka motuhake o te matauranga.

1. turanga General.
2. Ako ariā (didactics).
3. Theory o te mātauranga.
4. whakahaere kura.

Ka taea te titiro ia wāhanga i rua ngā taumata - ariā, me te tono. ako General - ko, ki runga ake te katoa, te matauranga pūtaiao, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te systematization me whakarōpū o nga meka e tika ana, me te ki runga ki te whakamāramatanga o te whanaunga whāinga whakapumautia i waenganui ia ratou. Mimiti mōhiotanga hou te tino māmā whakaratohia te whakamahi o te mōhiohio riro kē i whiwhi e te kore anake i roto i te ako akomanga, engari ano hoki i te momo o te tahi atu tūemi. General turanga ako whakamōhio te ākonga ki te matua o te pūtaiao, i te mea e tika ana ki te tāutu i ngā hononga, me ngā tauira, i te mea he tikanga matua mō te systematization o nga meka tono whakamātautau. Tino nui haere te taumata o te mōhiotanga,, ki te e riro o te ariā o te pūnaha i te tangata. Ara, mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga enei ka haere te anga whānui mō te mātauranga.

Wāhanga o tenei ako ko tona wāhanga ariā - didactics, te heheu mai i te tauira o te whakawhenumi o te rauemi, e ko, te ariā o te ako whānui. Na te rōrahi tautuhia e reira, me te hanganga o ia akoranga, whakawhanake reira me te whakapai ake puka me ngā tikanga o te tukanga akoranga katoa whakahaere. Theory o te mātauranga - o te ako whānui, ako nga tukanga o te whanaketanga tuakiri, te hanganga o ngā whakapono, te tātari me te tirohanga o te mātauranga o ia whanaunga takitahi, me te pāhekoheko. Theory o te mātauranga kei roto nga tikanga o te mahi ki te iwi o rerekē aravihi hinengaro, faaiteraa volitional, huru huru, manawa me ngā ngākau nuitanga. mai Mātauranga i roto i ono ngā wāhi: tinana, mahi, rerehua, morare, ture, me te hinengaro.

Age ako

He tino rerekē i ia atu ako General, me te ngaio, ki te whānuitanga rahi, tei reira ki runga ki te rohe tau. pā ana te reira i whakangungu ngaio i roto i te mara o te mātauranga ngaio: Ka taea e whakaako e ahumahi, umanga, mātauranga, me te tuarua kura teitei motuhake ki te ingoa hāngai o ia peka. Next, me ia peka e te "rau", e ko wehea ki wāhanga motuhake mōhiotanga ki te ako, e tei runga i te whakamahi o te ahumahi. No reira ka haere mai te ako hōia, engineering, hauora, me te pera i runga i. Na roto i te a nui, te ako whānui me te umanga mahi i te mahi taua. Just tau pau rangahau marautanga i roto i ia rōpū pakeke motuhake, hipoki reanga katoa i whanau ki te pakeke tonu. Ko te mātau o te hangarau tau o ako, taputapu, ngā tūāhua, tauira i roto i te whakahaere o te whakangungu me te tukanga mātauranga i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga katoa - o tetahi momo.

• ako Nursery.
• ako kōhungahunga General.
• Ako o te kura tuarua.
• Ako o te mātauranga teitei.
• Androgogics (mō ngā pakeke).
• Ako o te Tuatoru Age (mo te ruhiruhia).

Mō te kura Me ki te mea i te torutoru ake, no te mea kei te kitea e ratou te whakamahi i te tikanga pai mo te whakamahi i roto i te haapiiraa i te iwi o reanga katoa raruraru ako. Tenei ako tatou i te ngā tauira mātauranga - u'i, āhua, ngā, e whakaatu ana tahi tukanga mātauranga, me te pāpori. whakaaro tatou raruraru whakahaere mātauranga i roto i te whakahaere o te tukanga mātauranga, tātari te mahi o te whare mātauranga takitahi, hāngai i runga i ngā tikanga me te whakahaere ihirangi kura pakihi i te whakahaere - i te raro ake, i te kaiwhakahaere o te whare ki te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. haere mai te nuinga Tūmahi o ako whānui i te whakaritenga o te taumata teitei o te ārahitanga.

ngaio

Production ako e hāngai ana te iwi whakangungu e mahi, orients ratou ki te whakawhanaketanga ngaio, whakataki o ngā hangarau hou, whakangungu ngaio. Tenei pānga motuhake i runga i te ihirangi o te rauemi mātauranga, me tona ihirangi. Ka taea e te taua te mea e pā ana ki te whakangungu o te hōia. Ko te mātauranga motuhake whānui tenei, ki ako i te āhuatanga o te mātauranga i roto i te mara hōia. Here, tauira rerekē me turanga ariā, tikanga, me ngā puka i roto i te mātauranga me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi hōia o tetahi ana'iraa. titau te taua huarahi me te pāpori e aweawe motuhake, me te whānui. Akoranga te reira i te tukanga o te tuakiri hanganga i roto i te pau o nga tikanga pāpori o tona aro te arotahi ki runga i ine i te täkupu me te take mo ratou tupu, a whakawhanakehia reira tikanga o resocialization o deviants. Kei te wehea ako Social ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te utuafare, ārai me te whiu (anō-hara). Mai i tenei e taea e tatou e deduce e taea te ahanoa e aweawe whānui kia tino rerekē, i runga i te matauranga tono motuhake rānei.

Defectology - ako herehere e tuatapapa i te whakahaere o ngā i roto i te whanaketanga o te iwi hauā tinana ranei hinengaro. He maha ngā wāhi motuhake i roto i tenei rohe, i tohu ako whānui. History o Whakaako me Mātauranga karanga te tuatahi o tetahi manga i runga i ngā wāhi, taumata mātauranga, me te mahi toko i te ora. Muri i whai wāhi defectology kore anake te ākonga ki te whakarongo, kite, me te maramarama, engari pāngia hoki ki disorders kupu, hinengaro pūkeke ana, me disorders kaupapa me te autism. I tua atu ki enei manga pono mahi me te ariā whai - te ako whakatairite, te wahi i te ahanoa o ako whānui Akoranga nga ngā me ngā tauira o te mahi me te ariā i roto i ngā rohe rerekē, me whenua, nga pau motu, te ōwehenga o te ngā, rapu hoki ngā puka me ngā tikanga o te haamaitairaa tahi o nga pūnaha mātauranga ki te whakamahi o te wheako ke.

Ture me regularities

Kei Tetahi pūtaiao o te pūnaha o ture, me o ratou ture. He aha te mea te ture, ki te kahore koutou e kōrero me te conditionality papû toutou me nui. tauturu Knowledge o te ture whakakitea kore whanaunga katoa me kōrero, me nga mea anake e tino whakaata i te āhuatanga ake. He whāinga Ture, mai roto i te parau mau anake i roto i a ratou. Ko tētahi o nga pūnaha pāpori - whakaako, me ona wāhanga i roto i te ara ano hono hononga.

Na reira, i reira he whakaako ture rite te kāwai ariā ranei. ako General akono reira rite te kāwai e hūanga te whāinga, faufaa, e tika ana, noa, me te pūmau tītohunga auau i raro i etahi tikanga ako, me te te hononga o nga wāhanga o te pūnaha katoa, e whakaata i te huarahi o te whaiaro-iteraa, te whanaketanga-whaiaro, me te mahi o te pūnaha mātauranga i roto i te taatoaraa. tauira Same - he faaiteraa ngā o te ture, i reira te mea he tetahi wahi o te ariā o "whakaako te ture", no te mea whakamahia i roto i te ako o ngā āhuatanga takitahi o te pūnaha, me te etahi rōpū ki te tukanga mātauranga.

te mau parau tumu

Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o ako whānui e hāngai ana tika i runga i te pūtake o ture me regularities, whakaata i te āhuatanga kia, he aha kia tano te mea, ka hoatu te whakato te ara he mea tika ki te mahi ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga ako e hāngai ana. Ko te mau parau tumu mahi rite nga hanganga ture, me ngā paearu e ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o rongoā mahi. Ka taea hoki e ratou he tūranga tuatahi, me te take pūnaha-hanga mo te whanaketanga o te ako pāngarau.

Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni i roto i te pūtaiao whakaako tohu te huinga: prirodosoobraznost me kulturosoobraznogo, nahanaha, me te ōrite, raruraru me te optimality, te wātea o te whakangungu, me te tini ke atu. kāwai ako, e tohu ana i te kai ture matua, e hāngai ana i runga i nga tauira whakaako, ka āhuatanga e te rautaki noa ki te whakaoti i te raruraru mātauranga (raruraru) - ko te mau parau tumu ako tenei. whakatinana Ia o ratou e rite ki etahi tikanga.

ture

whakaritenga ture, tikanga, me ngā tūtohutanga tono mo te whakatinanatanga o te mau parau tumu o te mātauranga me te whakangungu - he ture ako. Hei tauira, Me ki kia whakatinana ki te awhina o taua ture te parau tumu o te utu me te urutanga o te ako: kaute me te taumata tūturu o te faaineineraa i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā ākonga, te whakamahi o ngā rauemi whakaako, tae atu ki te kitenga, ki te whakatū i te rauemi ako mua ki nga mehua hanganga ture hou te matatini o te rauemi, me te pera i runga i.

Ko te mau parau tumu tautuhi te rautaki o ngā mahi whakaako, me te ture - ona tātai, ko e, te kawe i te mahi, tono auraa, rite whakapumautia mo te otinga o ngā raruraru motuhake, me te whakaata i te whanaungatanga causal takitahi, nui atu i te tauira mātauranga whānui. Na reira, i roto i te whakaako mahi Me ki kia hāngai ki runga i te pūnaha katoa o ngā ture me te mau parau tumu i roto i tona tapatahi katoa me te arotau o ngā huānga takitahi mahi. titau e te huarahi pera te huinga katoa o ona ture o ako whānui. Me kia whai hua te mātauranga - ko reira te parau tumu matua, e kei i runga i runga o te pūnaha pipiri o ture mātauranga me ngā ture.

kupu

Term uhinga ki pūtaiao e rua rerekē, oro rite "hinengaro mātauranga", i reira te kupu tuatahi - te turanga pūtaiao, engari ko te reira i te peka matua o hinengaro, hangaia ki te ako i te regularities i te tukanga o te mātauranga me te whakangungu. General Psychology me te Whakaako - roa rawa me te ingoa ahua rerekē mō tenei ako. ora te hinengaro ako, me te whakawhanake hei pūtaiao tono ki te whakapai ake i ngā mahi whakaako, mā te whakamahi i te whakatutukitanga o manga katoa o hinengaro.

E kore te mea tonu tenei wā puta i roto i tona ahua reira. Taitapa ako i waenganui i hinengaro me te ako kua rapu mō te kupu, me te ka huaina pedology, te ako whakamātau, a anake i roto i te toru tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau, kua kaunuku enei uara, me te rerekëtanga. ako whakamātau, i te ara, te vai rite te mara o te ako rangahau mooni me kua meinga hinengaro mātauranga he mara o te matauranga, me te pūtake hinengaro mō te mātauranga mahi me te ariā.

Kaupapa me ngā

Mai Akoranga hinengaro mātauranga nga ture o te whanaketanga o te whakangungu me te mātauranga o te tangata, kei te hono i te reira tata ki ētahi atu marau: he pārōnaki me te tamaiti hinengaro, psychophysiology me, o te akoranga, ki te ako - ariā, me te mahi. I mua i puta ki te matua o te ako, he mea e tika ana ki te mahara e tetahi peka o te pūtaiao ngā ariā o te ahanoa me te kaupapa. E pā ana te whakamutunga ki te kotahi taua wāhi ngā o mo'oni kua whiriwhiria e ki ako i tēnei pūtaiao. Nuinga o ngā wā, te ahanoa rēhita i te ingoa. He aha te mea te ahanoa o ako whānui? General Whakaako, o te akoranga.

Ko te kaupapa o te pūtaiao - te taha kotahi taha maha o te ahanoa ranei e ako, ko reira te ringa mea te tetahi ranei, e te aroaro te kaupapa o te pūtaiao e. He aha te mea te tumu parau o te ako whānui? He rota o ratou. Well, mo te tauira, kairangahau mate. Ranei ako o te kura tuarua. E kore e te kaupapa whakaatu taha katoa o te ahanoa, engari kia ngā te meka i roto i te whānui ko ngaro te ahanoa. A no te mea te whanaketanga o tetahi pūtaiao tā te whanaketanga o tona kaupapa. Ka taea e tetahi ahanoa kia te kaupapa o te ako mo te momo o pūtaiao. Hei tauira, he tangata. Kei te ako te reira i tata katoa pāpori, whaiaroaro, mātauranga tikanga tangata, te koiora, me haere te rārangi i runga i. Ko tenei whare katoa pūtaiao he kaupapa - te meka e te ako ia i roto i te ahanoa homai.

Whakaako pūtaiao

Wehe i te tahi atu whakawhanake kahore pūtaiao, te mea ano e tupu ki te peka mātauranga o te matauranga tangata. History o te Mātauranga ta e whakaaro whakawhanakehia te ako taketake i roto i te ara taumauri whānui. Ko te whakaaro tuatahi e pā ana ki te whakatipu me te mātauranga kua kitea i roto i Tokāteliné fakalotú, tuhinga, me te hanganga ture ulozheniju mua. mōhiotanga pūtaiao whänui, puta i roto i pūtaiao pārōnaki, ako, rawa, i hanga e rite te peka motuhake. Na ka haere mai te kau o disengagement intrascientific, hanga he plurality o peka o te pūnaha i roto i te pūtaiao ako. I muri i taua, kia rite ki te pūtaiao o te pūtaiao, te wā o te ariā o te pūtaiao. Ko tonu te whakamāramatanga te taua: ko te ako o te regularities i te tuku o te whakatupuranga kaumatua o te wheako pāpori o muri, me te kaha tukanga o te nakunaku.

whakaaro tona ako whānui ahanoa nga ari o mooni, takoha ki te whanaketanga me te hanganga o te takitahi i roto i te akoranga e whai hua o te mātauranga pakihi, me te hapori. I raro i konei te tikanga o te āhuatanga o te mooni, mo te tauira, te mātauranga rite mātauranga me te whakangungu i roto i te ngākau nuitanga o te takitahi me te hapori, me te āhua. Ko te kaupapa o te ako ako kite katoa te āta, me te aau whakaritea taua tukanga ako. Whakaako rite pūtaiao tūhura te āhua e kore anake, engari ano hoki nga tauira, ngā, ngā tirohanga, me te mau parau tumu i roto i te whanaketanga o te tukanga mātauranga, kua mahi i te reira i roto i te whanaketanga o te ariā me te hangarau, te whakapai ake o te ihirangi, te hanganga o hou whakahaere puka, tikanga me ngā tūāhua o te mahi ako. whakaatu he whakamāramatanga taua o te kaupapa, me te ahanoa te whakamāramatanga o taua ako - te pūtaiao o te whakangungu me te mātauranga o te iwi. Ko tōna whāinga he te tāutu o ngā tauira, me te rapu mō tikanga ikeiketanga o hanganga, whakangungu me te mātauranga o te tangata.

Taumahi me ngā mahi

Mahi e aweawe whānui e rua: ariā, me te hangarau, me taea te whakatinana ia o ratou i toru ngā taumata. Tuatahi - he whakaahuatanga ranei whakamārama, tātaritanga, me te waitohunga, te tuarua - te pūpū ngä panoni. Tūmahi o ako whānui maha matua - wha.

• Te tāutu tauira i roto i te tukanga mātauranga, mātauranga, whakangungu, te whakahaere o ngā pūnaha mātauranga.
• A tuatapapa i a haapoto i te mahi me te wheako o te whakaako.
• futurology ako (matapae).
• Whakatinana i te hua o te rangahau ki te mahi.

Whakaako pūtaiao, rite tetahi atu, kua whakaturia ano etahi pātai mo ona mahi. He maha, engari ko te matua - e toru. tautuhinga whāinga - he aha te mea me te mea ki te whakaako me te whakaako? Ko te ihirangi o te whakangungu me te mātauranga - he aha ki te whakaako, ki te whakaako i roto i te tu? Methods me ngā tūāhua - pehea ki te whakaako me te pehea, ki te whakaara? Enei a he tokomaha atu ngā take o te pūtaiao ako e faatiti'aifarohia i nga ra.

ariā taketake (kāwai)

Whakatipu - pānga whai take, me te vai maoro i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaemi i te wheako pāpori akonga e tika ana mo te hanganga o tona pūnaha o uara whakaaetia i roto i te hapori.

Mātauranga - rawa whakaritea, ka whakahaere tukanga pūtake ngātahi o te kaiako me te ākonga, e hāngai ana nei te i te whiwhi mātauranga, ngā pūkenga, ngā āheinga, me ara o te mohio ki, me te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga me te moni i roto i te akoranga.

Mātauranga - te hua o te tukanga o aravihi te pūnaha o te matauranga, ki te pūkenga, ngā āheinga, i whai ahua ai te pūtake o tenei outlook huru taata morare, me te whakawhanake i ngā āheinga auaha.

Hanga - awe e āhuatanga maha - wä, ekonoomicheskih, pāpori, hinengaro, me te pera i runga i - te hanganga o te tangata i roto i te hapori. Here kia tuhia te reira e mātauranga - e kore e anake te take i ai hanga e te tuakiri te.

Whanaketanga - whakatinanatanga o ngā āhuatanga tangata, ki reira ä tūturu, instincts me ngā āheinga.

Whakawhanaunga - whaiaro iteraa-i roto i te ora ki te whakawhenumi tamau me te whakaputa uri o te ahurea pāpori.

mahi Educational - mahi ngaio o ngā kaiako, e whakamahia e ngā tikanga ki te whakaawe i te Trust me te pāhekoheko ki a ratou ki te whakaoti rapanga mātauranga, whakangungu me te mātauranga.

taunekeneke Kaiako - arotahi me te whakapā whakaae ki te tauira ki te huri i tana whanonga, mahi hononga ranei.

I roto i te pūtaiao, e pā ana ki te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te takitahi, whakaaro mātauranga e ki kia te nui tino, no te mea tenei katoa he tata e taea waho te whakangungu me te mātauranga - tenei tukanga āta te wahi te kaiako me te pāhekoheko ngā ākonga mo te whakawhiti me te whakawhenumi o te wheako pāpori. hāngai ana te ako i runga i te paetae o o nga tikanga tangata tata katoa, na tere whakawhanakehia, whakawhanake ngā tikanga, me te hangarau ki te kitea te ara pai o te hanganga o te tuakiri, te mātauranga me te whakangungu o te tauira.