"Grad" pūnaha - te rangi riri

mohiotia pūnaha tākirirangi whakarewatanga maha "Grad" Kei te ara ki te hunga e whai patu, me te kore he hiahia taputapu hōia. Ko te kainga tika o te kororia hōia o te rongonui "Katyusha", i nga nga forerunners o te wā hou o te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha puhipuhi, whakatinana nga āhuatanga mahi taketake katoa tūturu me muri whakatupuranga MLRS: rahi iti, nekeneke tiketike, ohorere, me te kaha ki te pakunga kotahi patua ngā whāinga maha i runga i ngā wāhi tino nui .

Mai te salvo rawa tuatahi "Katyusha", i nei te whenua ake ka whakatika i runga i ona waewae hata, me te mano tini Fascist mai i roto i te āhua o te aitua, a ki tenei ra kāinga launchers tākirirangi ko te pai i roto i te ao. Ko te pūnaha "Grad", tomo mahi i roto i teie nei tawhiti te 1963, whakakapi te "Katyusha" ka riro he momo taketake o patu pere o te Army Soviet. No te tau maha, e kore e tenei pūnaha urupare mohio rite i roto i ngā momo rite o te pere ke.

Tautuhi i te "Grad", te whanaketanga o te mea i whakaaetia e te arata'iraa motuhake o te kāwanatanga i roto i te 1960, i te hoahoa taketake e hāngai ana i runga i te rongoā engineering faufaa hou, kua kore i whakamahia. Whakawhanake mahi MRL nii-47, arahina e pūmanawa kaihoahoa patu AN Gognichevym. hangaia "Grad" pūnaha i ki te whakakapi i te pūnaha pere tawhitotia BM-14.

Ka rite ki kariri whakamahia ki te tāuta i te 122-mm projectiles tiketike-taikaha momo M-21-PF. tikanga te pūnaha "Grad" i ki pehi nga wāhi o te kukū o ngā hōia hoariri me waka Armoured, pū, me te moata pūhiko, wae logistics, parepare piringa, me ngā puutahitanga o te tautoko. Ko, te hōkai o enei tāuta kua rawa rerekē. Ko te hiahia ki te waihanga i tētahi taua momo whai hua o patu i te wa fakahā e te aroraa kukū i waenganui i ngā pūnaha tōrangapū me te pānga "whawhai matao."

Ko te pūnaha "Grad" ngā o eke te Pūwhakarewa i runga i te turanga o te taraka Ural-375, tikanga mana ahi me waka motuhake kawe kariri me tohutohutia. akatuke'anga muri rite Coil whakamahia taraka nui ripeka Ural-4320. Tere o te kaupapa o enei missiles he ki runga ki te 90 km / h, e whakarato ana nekeneke tino nui, me te huri mai.

rite rawa te pūnaha hou o "Grad" te ki te keu aunoa motuhake "Vivarium" matatini. ahi reira unguided projectiles 122-mm. Hoki ngā mōhiohio i runga i te wāhi o te take, me te āhua o te pūnaha rorohiko tukatuka, i te mea he wāhanga nui o te pūhiko katoa. Na roto i te kaimahi i te tāutanga hua te pakunga o rua tekau hēkona, me te cooldown ko e whitu anake meneti. kawea tāpaetanga o te paura kei roto o te tūāpapa ka tohutohutia o hoahoa motuhake. kariri kaimahi ia pūhiko ngā o toru waipūtanga. Ko te tino rawaka ki te whakangaro tata tetahi whakaaro tenei.

Warhead MRL "Grad" nei whakaaro - me warheads tīmatanga arata'iraa ngā o te roa e wha tekau tubular aratohu o 3 m me te whanau diameter oko rite ki te 122,4 mm .. hanga Whakapae, me te poutū whai i te tītere he puku hiko kaha motuhake.

Pūnaha "Grad" whakamatauria ratou i roto i te pakanga Afghan i roto i te pakanga Karabakh me nga kaupapa Chechen rua. Ko te rongonui nui i roto i tata whenua Arab me Awherika katoa te wahi maha riro pakanga ā-iwi huru puhoi, me te pūmau tēnei pūnaha pere.