Haukini pākawa

Matū haukini pākawa, NH4NO3 tātai nei, mo te wa roa mohiotia Utaina ki, ano i roto i te 1659 whakatuwheratia reira te IR Glauber. I roto i te tuhinga, horahia ana te reira i tetahi atu ingoa mo tenei pūhui - haukini pākawa. -Waho haukini pākawa he tioata ma he hygroscopicity tiketike. Ko te ira koropupū o te pūhui ko te 235 ° C me 169,6 ° C ki te haukini pākawa tīmata ki te ngohe. He maha ngā whakarerekētanga karaihe, e he tino nui pānga i runga i te matū me ngā āhuatanga tinana, me tona hōkai.

Hei tauira, ko enei rerekētanga e ngā whakarerekētanga whai puka karaihe rerekē o te wini whakakahokaho. I roto i te katoa i reira e rima taua akatuke'anga. Hoki te whakarerekētanga tuatahi āhuatanga e te āhua pūtoru o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe, mo te 2 me te 5 - tetragonicheskaya mō te 3 me te 4 - orthorhombic. Ko te kupu rite ki te hua o te whakawhitinga i tetahi pūhui ki tetahi whakarerekētanga kitea hua māmālie engari on i roto i te rōrahi wae pūtau. hanga ana tēnei taonga te rerekētanga i roto i te āhuatanga matū. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, rauemi whakarerekē IV he kiato 1,725 g / cm3, rewa pāmahana ko kua 139,4S °.

memeha kotahi rau karamu o te wai i 0 ° C 119 karamu o te taonga kei te i te pāmahana o te 25 ° C 212 karamu o kua memeha, me i te 50 ° C - 346 karamu o te haukini pākawa: te memehatanga o te haukini pākawa e whai ake. I tua atu, e taea te rewa haukini pākawa i pyridine, methanol me ewaro. He āhuatanga tino nui o te pūhui mahi e i te mahi pānga, ka ranei te pāmahana ambient o runga 270 ° C, decomposes haukini pākawa, meinga pānga taikaha.

Ki te taea tohu tautuhi i tētahi taiao waikawa, e kei te haukini pākawa paparetanga ki tona whai wāhitanga ko te whārite tauhohenga e taea te tuhituhi rite: NH4NO3 + H2O = NH4OH + HNO3 . tauhohe haukini pākawa ki rongoā kawakore. Ka rite ki te hua o taua tauhohe ki te whakaputa i haukini, me te tukanga tauhohenga iho mahi rite te tauhohenga kounga ki haukini pākawa.

Ko te tikanga, he taonga i whiwhi e mau ana i roto i neutralization o 60% HNO3. Ka rite ki te kaihoko neutralizing whakamahia NH3 i te āhua haurehu waihā. I roto i te wera tukanga e tukua, e whakahaua nei ki te whakaetonga o te otinga o te haukini pākawa me te rauemi hua i roto i te puka o granules.

Ko te whakamahi te nuinga noa o te haukini pākawa i roto i te ahuwhenua, ka rite ki te tongi hauota tino. pūhui Active whakamahia i roto i te hanga o explosives, me te he kaiwhakahohe - rite zirconium whakarewa i roto i te huānga wahie, i roto i te mahi mahi whakaora i o ururua karihi. meinga ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū he hua tūturu i roto i te tono i roto i te rawa, kia Te tupu vitiviti nei tona production me tae tenei ra 20 miriona taranata ia tau, ki te tātai ano o te mea i runga i te hauota share.

Ka taea te whiwhi haukini pākawa i roto i te taiwhanga i te hanganga ture ki te pakeke whakatūpatotanga haumaru me ngā ture haumaru. Hoki tenei whakaaro, i roto i te Mixing tio pati hua tino memeha te waikawa hauota me te haukinia waihā (haukini wai). Ki te whakahaere i te tauhohenga taua he pai mamao, hei tauira, ki te whakamahi o haavare,, me te ana i te tawhiti haumaru makona i te wāhi o te otinga whakauru. A amo i te tauhohenga ngā i roto i te waikawa tamau e whakaranu i roto i te wairewa haukini i te tirohanga wā o te tohu (tohu waikawa) whakatutuki i te huru tauhohenga kūpapa. I roto i te tikanga taua, me te whakarato mana ki runga i te tauhohenga. A, no te rawa taiao waikawa - e tapiritia ki te otinga o te wae kawakore, me te hurihia.