Hītori Kasimov Khanate, rohe, kāwanatanga

Tenei mātauranga tūmatanui, i whakatika i roto i te rau tau 15, ka roa ake atu i te rua rau nga tau, ko tonu te kaupapa o te kōrero wera, nga kaiuru o e ko te kōrero mana. Kasimov Khanate - he āhuatanga pono ahurei o te mua. A, no te whakatika i te reira? He aha te tūnga ko? He aha te mea te tūranga i whakaritea ki a ia i roto i te hītori Russian? Aha hinga te kingitanga "Genghisides"? Tenei ko nga take matua e te hunga i tautohetia hoki aivanaa o te mua. Ko te kore o ngā mātāpuna hāngai, me te tokoiti o te taunakitanga akina hītori whakaingoa nounou anake rite ki te mea i he senituli i ma'iri a'e nei Kasimov Khanate. I teie mahana, e kore tenei āhuatanga i ako ra ano te mutunga. Kia tamata a ki haapoto i te ariā akoranga matua, me te tātari, he aha i taea e te kōrero o Kasimov Khanate.

pokapū nucleation

aru i te hanganga i runga e nga huru o tufaa puta, kia rite ki kaipūtaiao, i roto i te rohe i reira noho te iwi Meshchera. Ko tōna māngai, kōrero ki tetahi o nga reo Finno-Ugric, iwi āhua-hikihiki. I te timatanga o te rua o nga mano tau, whakaekea te rohe o te iwi Slavic krivichi. E kore e taea e tatou te mea i meschertsy hari ki manuhiri i anihia, engari peia ratou i to ratou rohe, kihai i ratou.

Na krivichi e tu ana i runga i te atamira teitei o te whanaketanga, kia tauturu i te iwi Taketake ki te hanga i to ratou ora ritenga atu ahurea. Heoi, miharo nga mano, rite kia te Silaví ora roa i roto i te wahi kotahi. kite tuatahi Meschertsy te mau utuafare o rākau oshkurennyh i roto i nei ki te ora i nui atu te whakamarie atu i roto i te waka tikohu. I muri i te ia, ka timata a "Maori" ki te hanga whare ano, e whai ake nei i te tauira Krivichy. A i tonu ki te whangai ahuwhenua, me te whai wāhi i roto i te uku, me parakimete. Tetahi o tenei i mawhiti te aro o te tangata. I te pae hopea, podruzhatsya rua ngā whānau, me te toka tahi. he whakauru ratou toto, i te Maori whakaawe ki te ritenga papamuri etene, te reo me te ahurea. ka awhi ratou te "matatau" ki te whakatutuki i nga Silaví katoa ka ora i to ratou hi'oraa.

Gorodets Meshchersky

Tau i muri mai meschertsy krivichi a ka kia ngātahi. Kei te puta to ratou kainga ki te hapori pāpori-rohe ki te ingoa ataahua Gorodets Meshchersky. Ko reira ka me i reira ko Kasimov Khanate. ko e tata ana te wahi rere te awa ki te Oka Babenka whakataunga rohe.

E ai ki etahi puna, i roto i te rau tau waenganui-12, tae mai Gorodets Meshchersky Grand Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Na ka mau ia ki te tiaki o te whakapakari i nga rohe o Russia tahito, me te tino e te whakataunga o te Silaví Krivichy me te wāhi watea, whakahau Gorodets Meshchersky ki te tahuri ki te pa.

Ko i, 1,152, a mana e whakapono ai e whakaturia te pa i i te wa. I tiakina te whakataunga i te taiepa rakau, he awaker me te pekerangi oneone. Na ka Gorodets Meshchersky te kaitiaki matua o Suzdal-Vladimir rangatiratanga. Whakataunga tino akakoromaki i te mahi tautapatia ki tae noa i roto i 1376 kihai i haere mai ki a Russia te Maori-Tatars. Kua pahuatia te hoariri, ka whakaturia ahi ki Gorodets Meshchersky.

pa hou

Heoi, i muri i te i whakahaere nga morehu o te meschertsam whakaekenga ki hanga te pa, engari i roto i te wahi rerekē. Na te whakataunga (i muri riro ingoa tetahi - New Nizovoy pa) kei te waenganui i rua awaawa nui, i nga i nga taha hauauru, me te rawhiti o ngā tauārai tōnoa ki te hoariri. Mai i te raki i Tinito te pa ngahere te rapu, me i te tonga - te awa ki te rohe maunga tiketike. Hei whakapakari i te tiaki o te pekerangi pa i tāutatia i runga i taha katoa, i runga i te tihi o e e whakatika te taiepa rakau. kawea te tukanga o te hanganga o te hou tarutaru-pakiaka o te pa i roto i te wā i te kingitanga o Prince Dmitry Donskoy o Moscow me Prince Vasili. tū rua kaupapa whakatōpū whenua Russian, a hohoro te meschertsev whakataunga hou, me te Krivichy, kingi e, ka Alexander Ukovich Prince wahi o te rangatiratanga Moscow. A pa New Nizovoy, rite i mua, kawea atu nga rohe o te mahi korero, no te mea ko te tata he Kazan Khanate kaha, e i roto i te kingitanga o Ivan IV ka wahi o Russia.

Kaupapahere rangatira Kazan

Ko te mana o te kingitanga Kazan haere tētahi i ringa ki te ringa o ngā hapu. ka mau tetahi o nga tama a te whare kingi ai ko Mahmutek i roto i te tikanga ki te riro i te torona te ora o tona papa, me te teina.

Tona rua teina teina (ko Qasim Yakub), ki te mawhiti, i takoha ki te rere i tona Khanate Māori. Kitea rawatia ake, kitea e ratou ratou i roto i te rangatiratanga Moscow, i ui te tiaki Prince Basil II me te whakarurutanga. Heoi, ko te rangatira Russian i roto i te waenganui o te rautau 15 kihai i hiahia ki te haere ki te riri tuwhera ki nga rangatira o Kazan. I roto i te raumati 1445 ngaro Vasiliy Temny i te whawhai tata Suzdal uri Khan Takiuru-Muhammed. A tahi me tona whanaunga puta te Piriniha o Moscow, i roto i te whakarau. Otiia i muri i te marama torutoru o Vasily II i tukua hoki te utu whakapati nui. takoha rangatira Russian i ki faaoti ki te kirimana Takiuru-Mohammed i runga i ngā taumahatanga o. Kua oati Prince ki te tango i te rota o te Tatars, ka haere mai i te utuafare pai, a ki te whakatau i te rangatiratanga Moscow "mo kai." Noatia, He riri e ka whai nga tangata ke ki roto i te iwi Russian. Otiia, ka haere mai nga tama a te Kazan Khan ki te ui Basil Dark rironga ko, ko hari ia tenei tahuri o ngā. Na pono i mahi nga tama a Ulu-Muhammed wā. Ua tauturu Prince Kasim i te whawhai ki a Dmitry Shemyaka, ka mau ano hoki e ia te taha o pakanga Russian ki nga khans o te Golden Horde. Hoki toa, ka hoatu e te itoito, me te lī'oa ki Basil II kainga Qasim, i ko te pokapū o Gorodets Meshchersky. Na i runga i i hanga te rohe o Muscovy Kasimov Khanate (wa o te take - 1452), ki te mahi i ko tetahi o nga tama o muri a Khan Takiuru-Muhammed.

Heoi, ahu etahi hītori ki te whakaaro i puta mai nga Tartars i runga i Mescherskaya te whenua i mua i i hoatu ai ki te whakahaere o Kashima. Tenei, i roto i ngā, korero e pā ana ki te māngai o te whānau rangatira Shira. E ai ki te kōrero, mahue ratou whakawarea tenei whenua te Golden Horde, a ka oho ki te wahi hou o te noho, territorially te nei kei tata nga takutai o te awa Oka me CNA. Na whakaritea tetahi o nga rangatira o te Shira ki noho i roto i Mescherskaya whenua, me te tae noa ki Karaitiana, riro he ingoa hou - Michael. Ētahi pūkenga whakapono e ko ia te tupuna o nga rangatira Meshchersky. Otiia ahakoa ko reira i roto i te meka unknown.

Qasim rangatiratanga

Ahakoa i roto i te kingitanga o Kashima tukua ki a ia i whakaingoatia te rota o Gorodets Meshchersky. ka e ia te ingoa o te pa o Kasimov me Kashima City. I muri ka mate te tama a Khan Ulu Muhammad, ka karanga te whakapaipai o te whakataunga o mua, me te Meshcherov Krivichy i Kasimov. Otiia i muri i te tau torutoru o whakataunga "puta" i kōrero i roto i te Kasimov Khanate (kingitanga). Kia i hanga, tenei wae kāwanatanga, i hāngai i runga i te Rus tahito, ka anga reira ki puta whare nui o te hoahoanga Muslim.

ahurea

kia haapapu te reira e kore anake te hītori ahurei o Kasimov Khanate, engari ano hoki tona tikanga.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 15, kua hanga kaihoahoa te faahiahia tūturu o te hoahoanga - Korāna kohatu ki te Minaret, kua oti nei te tiaki, ki te i roto i te putanga taketake kahore, ki te ra nei. Na i tenei ra ka taea e koe piki i te Minaret me kite te āhua picturesque o te rohe Ryazan i rere o te manu. Dome Ko te hanganga nui ki tuwhera taupee me tōrino kohatu arapiki. I runga i te taupee i reira ko te papa tākaro, piki i runga i nei ka karanga Mullah i runga i tangata ki te inoi. Heoi, ko te rohe i runga i te taupee o te pourewa i mahi ano hoki rite te wahi i reira tirotirohia rangatira hōia. E kore e matara atu ana i te Korāna ko te moengaroa o Khan Shah Ali (Tekie), hanga o te kohatu ma.

Kati te pātai faahiahia o mehemea minted i te tupu o te tama o muri a te moni whakarewa Takiuru-Mohammed. He aha i taea e pai kia mea tohunga hītori. I te iti rawa tae noa ki te rau tau 16. Heoi numismatists ruarua e vai moni Kasimov Khanate i parau tumu. Heoi, i raro i te kaihokohoko N. Shishkin i tona mahi tuhituhi, tuhituhi ana ia e he waimarie ki te pupuri i roto i tou rau ringa moni whakarewa waenganui-16 ia. kite te kaihokohoko moni inscriptions Arabic, e whakamāoritanga rite: "Shah Ali / Kingi Kasimov, te tau 1553". Otiia ka numismatists pono Shishkin te rūpahu, no te mea he Kāore he puka taua ki nga moni Tatar. tohu Real Money ingoa, wahi o te rangatira me te tau o te tuku.

O te akoranga, te hanganga o Kasimov Khanate - he tukanga maha-taahiraa i nei hiahia kōrero tairanga me kaituhi. Hei tauira, ako te hītori o te kainga kāwanatanga Russian i taipitopito i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau pūtaiao 19 B. Velyaminov - witi. Ko te hua o tona rangahau ko te wha-rōrahi "Ako i runga i nga kingi Kasimov me rangatira." Kaituhi Vladimir Soloviev i te taua rau tau 19, whakaputaina he pūrākau, "Kasimov wahine marena hou." Well, he tau torutoru i muri i te kaihokohoko N. Shishkin, e noho i runga i te rohe o te whenua Mescherskaya, tuhituhi he pukapuka i roto i nei te kōrero, me te kōrero whakaahuatia pehea i reira mātauranga Kasimov Khanate.

Tūnga i roto i te hītori o Russia

Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari te rohe, i roto i nga wa onamata reira ko nei he whakataunga ka Krivichy me Meshcherov mo Russian rota rautaki States noa i roto i te rangatiratanga Yuriya Dolgorukova. He rau tau i muri mai, kua whakawhanakehia reira ki te ngā ahurea, me te tōrangapū Kasimov Khanate. Ko 1445-1552 tau te nui tino i roto i te hītori hoki ia. ka anga te reira i katoa ki te Ulu-Mohammed, i awhinatia Basil Dark toe i te torona, ngaro rite ki te hua o te ngangaretanga. Dmitry Shemyaka i hurihia. A i roto i te mauruuru no te awhina homai te rangatira o Moscow Meshcherskaya kainga whenua Qasim.

Na mahi ia Vasily Dark pono whai wāhi i roto i whawhai hōia i te taha o te kāwanatanga Russian. Na, Kasimov Khanate, tonu te kaupapa here o tana tama whakaotinga Takiuru-Mohammed i muri tona matenga nei rangatira, ko te kaha tūturu o Russia tahito.

Shahghali

te faatura tenei Rawa i roto i, kia tuhia te reira i te mau maitai o Khan Shah Ali. Ahakoa i rite te tamaiti i Kairiritia ia i roto i te kēmu tōrangapū manganga, te wahi tētahi e Kazan te taha o te Duchy Grand o Moscow, te Crimean Khanate. toutou ka Shahghali te rangatira o te kingitanga o Kazan, engari i hurihia i ia wa (i roto i te take kotahi, i runga i te kaupapa o Ivan IV). I te pae hopea e whiwhi ia Kasimov Khanate (te whakapaipai - te pa o Qasim).

I roto i 1552-m-Ali Shah me tona ope i tauturu ia Ivanu Groznomu ki te wikitoria Kazan.

hononga faahiahia o te rangatira i mua nei o Qasim Khanate me Suimbeki ataahua nei ko te pouaru o te Khan mate o Kazan. kihai i rite ki te kotiro i te poto, me te Stout Shahghali, engari te tikanga Ivan IV i ki marena i te tokorua i roto i taua mea katoa e te utu, a ka ite ratou moe. Otiia e kore e te oaoa o te faaipoiporaa e kore Suimbeki Shah-Ali ranei i kawea mai. noho pouaru Ataahua katoa tona ora, rite te manu i roto i te whare herehere, kahore mahue Kasimov Palace me Khan taimaha tonu i te meka i whakarihariha tana wahine.

Mahinga o ringa whakamoemititia Kasimov Khan e maha nga tangata Russian. Ua tauturu Shahghali pehi te whakatikanga ake i roto i Kazan i 1554, a ka whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai tata Vyborg ki nga Swedes, a ka haere ki te pakanga hōia ki Livonia. A i roto i te 1562 ka whawhai ia i te taha ki Russian ki te Polish Kingi Sigismund, i roto i tenei mahi hōia riro Shah Polotsk. He tau i muri mai, i whakahau te kingi ki te haere ki Khan Lithuania. I roto i tenei pakanga tahi te Shah-Ali te ariki Ivan Wolski.

, Ka anga ki tetahi, ko te rākai i Tatar i āwhina tino whakawhānui i te rohe o te kāwanatanga Russian. He nui ahakoa ko reira Kasimov Khanate? Ko te wāhi i whakahoki o te kainga ngā o, i roto i te tua ki te whakapaipai, e rave rahi fiefs i te motuhake ōkawa, e ngā: Temnikov, ENKA, whare tira, Kadom.

I roto i ngā o te iwitanga, "basileia" i māngai e ngā rōpū e toru: Mordovians, Kasimovskoye Tatars me Tatars-Mishars. Na mea kaimātai ahurea, kōrero, e kua roa ako te āhuatanga i huaina Kasimov Khanate. Ko te reo e korero ratou ona tangata? I tetahi o mita Tartar ki āhuatanga Mishar adverbs.

mate Ali Shah i 1567, ka tanumia te tinana o te rangatira i roto i te whare moengaroa o Kasimov.

He maha ngā senituli i muri te tumu kōrero V. Velyaminov - tuhituhi Zernov e, i roto i te tua ki Khan, ko nga tinana Tekie tona hoa Bulak-Shal ko Suimbek me te maha o ngā whanaunga.

Ko te whakakapi ki te Shah-Ali

Ko wai ka eke ki te kainga o Kasimov Khanate? whakaahuatanga Historical tohu i whakawhiwhia tenei whakarau he whanaunga tawhiti o Shah-Ali, me i te wa ano nga-mokopuna nui o Akhmat Khan o te Golden Horde. I huaina e ia Sain-Bulat. whenua Whakahaere Mescherskaya tukua ia ia Ivan Grozny. Na ka anga te rangatira hou o Kasimov Khanate ki te āwhina i te tsar Russian ki te wikitoria rohe hou.

I roto i te 1573, i iriiria Khan i te Ekalesia Siu, a ka mau te ingoa Himiona. I muri i tangohia Ivan IV i i Sain-Bulat Meshchersky mata, engari mahue ia te taitara. E rua tau i muri mai, ohorere whakaaturia te Terrible Himiona Bekbulatovich "Tsar me Grand Prince o Russia katoa." Noatia, ka tahuri tenei katoa i ki hei te mau tauhaa: Ivan IV hoki tetahi mea e kore e hoatu e ake te torona. A marama torutoru i muri i te whakamataku tangohia Khan o te taitara nui, engari hei utu kia hoatu ki te kainga o te kainga o Tver. Ko te aha Kasimov Khanate? Noho rohe o tenei, i te wāhi o te tirohanga o ngā māngai o te Tatar kāhui, mana motuhake, mai i te rautau 16 āta heke. tika katoa ki te meka i kawea te mahi o te pononga Muslim o Russia i roto i kua e toru-hauwhā, me te Ivan Vi te kore kitea i roto i te rangatiratanga, e hāngai ana tama whakaotinga a Ulu-Mohammed, opuaraa nui.

Basileia i roto i te Time o akina

A, no te te torona i roto i Russia, tamata ki te hopu i te teka Dmitry II, whakatakoto tikanga i roto i Mescherskaya whenua Khan Kazakh whare Uraz-Mohammed. ka hoatu e ia tenei he fiefdom i roto i 1600. Boris Godunov ia. A, no te i roto i nga wa Russia nastupiliSmutnye, uru Khan i "tahae Tushino" o te rangatira reira. oho Uraz-Mohammed ki Tushino. Hoki tenei mahi te kingi Vasiliy Shuysky whakapaipai whakapaea Kasimov Khanate. takoha te tinihanga i ki rere, a muri puta i roto i Kaluga. I maoro rau Kazakh Khan hoki nga rohe o to ratou kainga, a ka he tuatahi i roto i te puni o te kingi Polish, a ka haere ki Kaluga, noho ana i te marae o Sigismund III. Ko hoki te tama a te rangatira o Kasimov rangatiratanga i taua wa i roto i Kaluga. A, i muri i te i te uri Uraz-Mohammed mea teka Dmitry II, e hiahia ana Khan ki tukua ia. Ka rite ki te hua, manukawhakitia Tushino tahae Uraz-Mohammed ki te hopu, a ka whakamatea ia. Otiia hohoro te taua e pa pa ki te taata haavare, e ka mate i te ringa o te Nogai Prince Pita Urusova.

Meschera i roto i te rau tau 17

I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 17 ka mau te torona i roto i Kasimov Araslan Aleevich, e mahi tuatahi i roto i te rākai i hōia Tuarua, ka whakahau te ope Tartar i te awa Vologda. I roto i tona kingitanga, hei Moscow kua piki pokanoa i roto i te mau ohipa ā o te Khanate. hohoro timata kawana Russian kingi ki te whakatau i nga tautohe i waenganui i nga māngai o te rangatira Tatar. Pai taupiri mua (Kasimov Khanate ko Russia) i roto i te kingitanga o Mikhail Romanov hei kua tawhitotia tata kotahi rau ōrau.

Ko kia fakamamafa'i ai e tae noa i te 20 o te rau tau 17 tonu nga Tatars ki whai wāhi mātātoa i te taha o te kingi Muscovite i roto i pakanga ki te Lithuanians, amo, me "Russian Likhodeev". Na ka tiakina e ratou te rohe o Russia i te riri o te whakaekenga e nga Tatars Crimean. I muri i te matenga o te whenua Meshchersky Araslana ka haere a Aleevicha ki tana tari tama taitamariki Seyid-Burhan. Heoi, nga mana o te māngai o te whare Siberian i iti. Kasimov Khanate, ko tona ohanga kei roto i te meka tahuri atu ki te hei i roto i te ringa o te Moscow State ka tetahi o nga puna matua kia kapi i te taonga Russian. Otiia i whakaaetia he rangatira iti ki te kōrero ki te kaihokohoko ke, me karere. Ka rite ki te pakeke, ka tangohia korerotia-Burhan Ofotokisií hoko Basil Araslanovichem. Kasimov noho ia kawana, ahakoa ka whakawhirinaki ai ki runga ki iti rawa. mate korerotia-Burhan i 1679.

ahiahi rangatiratanga

ka te rangatira whakamutunga o te whenua Meshcherskys Fatima Sultan (wahine o Khan Araslana Aleevicha). Te riroraa i te waenganui-koroheke, ko ia i runga i te torona 2 anake tau, me tona käwanatanga hoki i ōkawa. Ko tōna āwhiwhiwhi tangohia o te ora. Ko te take mo te patu tangata i taua hiahia te rangatira ki te tahuri ki he 'Ofotokisií.

Kasimov Khanate, hopea haere mai i raro i te mana o nga rangatira Moscow nei rohe i muri i te matenga o Fatima Sultan, mutu ki te tīariari i roto i 1681. Na ka tae mai te whenua Meshcherskys Tsar Pita ahau, e tukua ana "poteshniku" - hangareka Balakirev - ". Kasinovskim Khan" huaina I muri mai, Empress Catherine hoatu e ahau Kasimov i whakahaere i tetahi o ona whakawhirinaki.

Ko te rakau Kasimov toutou take o te ahi, i pā matua te ahua hītori o te pa. Anake i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18 ka reira nga whakawhetai kohatu ki nga tautooraa o kaihoahoa I. Gagina. Modern Kasimov, kei roto i te rohe o Ryazan, ko te wahi o te kukū o ngā tūruhi i katoa i runga i Russia.