Igor Grabar, te peita "haupapa" - tetahi o te peita whenua Russian pai

I roto i te Soviet Union, mohio katoa e te Ikoa Grabar. Painting «te Maehe Snow" i maheni i pukapuka. Russian Kōhure artist, rongonui kaiwhakahou me te tohu toi pūmanawa mo te pepa e rua-rōrahi e pā ana ki Ile Repine Stalin paraihe, i aroha Ikoa Emmanuilovich e tokomaha mō te ahurei, me te tino whenua ataahua o te natura Russian.

artist Russian, whanau noa atu

Tona papa, ko te mema o te Austria Pāremata, na te kaiwaiata ngingila heke mai o te natura Russian Grabar (pikitia "te Azure February" - te tohu mahino) whanau i roto i Budapest. I iriiria e ia i roto i te Ekalesia Siu, ka ko tona matua wairua te matua keke o te rongonui artist Russian Kustodiev, ko wai e muri tuhituhi i te whakaahua rongonui Igorya Emmanuilovicha. I roto i te 1880 E hopoi mai Olga Grabar tana tama i roto i Russia. kura High, tae ia Yegorievsk Ryazan kawanatanga. Next ko he mētara koura mo te whakangungu i roto i te Moscow Lyceum Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (1889), Faculty o Ture o St Petersburg University, oti te reira i roto i 1893, me te pai rawa o te mahi matua o tona ora. I. E. Grabar, ka mea e pā ana ki a ia rite te rangatira pūmanawa, me te taketake, te riroraa i te toi nei pikitia "pou" (1901). I roto i nga ra o te ora o St. Petersburg, tae ia te studio o Ili Repina, a meinga ana hei whakapakoko te roaraa, me ki Andrei Rublev. Ki a ia i te wa ano i roto i te Russian Imperial Academy o Toi ako Malyavin, Bilibin, Somov.

hoko

I roto i te 1895, ka haere te toi ki Itari a ka i roto i Europe. I roto i Russia ka hoki Grabar i 1901, ka whakatuwheratia te ataahua o te natura Russian te i roto i te mua o ia i roto i te marama hou. Nā tamata ki tona artist ru ki te kawe i te torutoru peita - "White Winter", "" Maehe Snow ".

"Azure February"

Takahanga ko te koaka i roto i 1904 tuhituhi Ikoa Grabar - ". February hapira" He tonu o te whiti motuhake, tetahi e oro i roto i te mau irava e Boris Pasternak "i roto i te Hui-tanguru i te pikitia. Haere waituhi, me te tangi! Tuhia o reira, tangi. " Na ka tuhituhi Grabar tona peita murua rawa. Ko tēnei ko te kotahi o ona peita tino mōhiotia, ko reira - tetahi o aua peita e hanga te kaituhi o tona ake ingoa. ko te tino aroha o tenei mahi, e whakaatu he, ra hotoke paki, ara i roto i nga wahi o waho ake i te toi. Ko te hari e whakakiia te pikitia, kua ua he manawa iti o te puna.

pania e ia tona faahiahia i roto i te toi Dugino. Hei whakawhiti me rakau tawhiti i runga i te pae, me te nui papatipu o rangi ki te rangi Azure, Grabar tīpako i te koki me te mea he iti raro, hoki i keria ana he awa ki roto i te hukarere hohonu, a ki reira hoatu ana e ia te papa peita. Ua ite te artist e ki te taea e haere ia i te iti rawa wahi o te ataahua e kite ia, te tiki i te kānawehi nui.

He ahurei te ātahu o te peita. au ra ki te kanikani i roto i te porohita huri noa i te toi tino pokapū rakau birch te rakau. rahi pikitia - 104 cm i roto i te tiketike, me te 80 cm i te whanui. Ko reira kia pai reira e riro tonu te Kaunihera o te Taiwhanga Tretyakov. Tenei mahi, a ki tenei ra, ko te kotahi o ona masterpieces matua. kia tapiritia reira e ko te tukutuku i roto i te pikitia pai rau o te ao.

Winter, ra, birch, haupapa ...

Ko tētahi atu faahiahia e hanga Grabar - "orokotimatanga mai", te pikitia i roto i te 1905. Ki te tuhituhi e ia i te reira anake, e tonu kua noho te reira i roto i te mahara o whakatupuranga heke mai, me te i roto i ngā pukapuka i runga i peita. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga peita onge, e kore nei e waiho te tangata tau'a. whakanui te reira i te ataahua me te mana āhua ake o te āhua ahurei o Russia me i roto ano whakaatu he aha he peita nui Russian.

Te nuinga i aroha tuhi Grabar hotoke, rawa hukarere. whakapono ia e ki te wehenga atu o te whenua te hotoke he rota ki te ngaro. I te tirohanga o te rakau hipoki ki te haupapa, tata tonu, a i roto i te katoa i reira he he rite ki te korero: "te rakau katoa i roto i te haupapa, rite hiriwa, rite te korero whakamiharo nei i roto i te iari ..." ka mohio te katoa rotarota Esenin o birch hiriwa. kitea te ataahua katoa o tenei āhuatanga tūturu, whakanuia e pinepine o kaitito pai, i roto i tenei hua ahurei. Grabar, te pikitia o te mea i whakatapua ki te huka hotoke peita e "whiti ora faahiahia." whakapono ia e i roto i te natura i reira he torutoru rawa taime o Polyphonic rite haupapa, i runga i te ra paki, a ko ratou tino rangitahi. taui rama te wa katoa, te hanga i te kaupapa tae ahurei hou.

huaina e ia manga hipoki ki te haupapa, taimana miro, karapanaka ki te tae katoa i roto i te "emerara korahirahi rangi." I runga i te koaka haere te rahi o 122,4 x 160,3 ake nei ki te kaha rahi. Me mea ahau, e whenua hotoke I. Grabar - te pai i roto i te toi Russian, rawa te "orokotimatanga mai". Winter, paki ra, ataahua birch, he tohu o Russia me te āhua Russian, roroa, rau timera, silvered me rite waea. maka ratou manga i runga i te puru hukarere, puru, me te atarangi papura. hari Belle a tango whakapehapeha i roto i to ratou ataahua. I roto i tenei mahi rerekē katoa, hitimahuta ia me amazes te pūtirotiro. peita hinu, takoha whiu iti hautanga (divisionism) pikitia ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te kaituhi rite te kaiwhakarewa o Impressionism Russian. Kei te rongoa te ie i roto i te Art Museum Yaroslavl.

I roto i te Grabar rave rahi pikitia rerekē ki tenei ingoa, a ka he ratou katoa rawa pai, engari te mahi i roto i te 1905 e pai atu i ētahi atu. Ka rite ki tetahi birch huaina Grabar, te mea kahore noa i whakataurite. Nuinga mārama, hāngai reira te whakamāramatanga o "rakau tipua."

"... Yesenin wahi, tata te Bibilia ..."

Tētahi atu pikitia o te kaitoi i hanga ki te kēnana katoa o Impressionism. Tenei faahitihia "March Snow" i roto i te 1904. Here, pera i roto i te pikitia o mua e rua, e arue ra riro ake te wairua o te hukarere kaitoi i raro i te ra. kitea te reira i te atarangi o te natura a tawhio noa, e taea te tuku e te atarangi katoa o puru, papura, lilac. haere tika Koinei teka Maehe Russia: te reira puna, engari e kore e te hukarere noa whakaaro ki te ngohe. I te wa ano i te pae tino ua ite e ahau te huringa o taima, ahakoa te matao.

I runga i te koaka whakaatu te wahine taitamariki e mau ana peere wai i runga i te ioka. Ngali noa whenua taiwhenua - whare, snowless kua rakau, i runga i nei e hohoro puku hohoro tangata ahu whenua e te ngakau te haupapa. Ko te protagonist o te kānawehi - hukarere. e kore ia i karapanaka, i roto i te hotoke e kore he, ma parakore, engari ko reira tonu he rota. Ko ia i roto i te pikitia mua i runga i nei whakamararatia he rota o wahi kanapa. He tonu o te āhuareka te tukutuku. Painting iti whakaahuatia ana i runga -. 80 anake x 62 cm te rongoa reira i roto i te taiwhanga Tretyakov.

Ia te wahine e noho o te whenua e mohiotia hoki whenua ataahua o te natura Russian brushes taua geniuses rite Savrasov, Vasiliev, Shishkin, Levitan. Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, Artist o tangata o Russia, i ko whakawhiwhia te toi Soviet tuatahi te taitara hōnore "whakahonoretia Artist", tika o tonu tenei raupapa whaimana. Tino pai tana pae mua-pāhoro, engari peita, te tuhituhi i roto i te wā Soviet, e kore kino. Kaiwaiata solar hotoke hukapapa me te tīmatanga o te puna, Grabar me te pule'i hou noho he kaipeita nui.