Immunoassay Toto whakamātautau (immunogram) tohu o ngā āhuatanga, deciphering

Tātaritanga o toto immunological - he tikanga e whakamahia ana e te ngaio hauora ki te whakatau ranei ki te tinana o te manawanui pato'ii te nui mate kitakita me te viral. hua Tātaritanga whakatau te taumata o te tiaki ārai, ka te aromātai i te tohu kounga, me te ine o ngā pūtau, me te aroaro o paturopi i roto i te bloodstream.

Nahea korero o te tinana

āpiha Alien (wheori, huakita, harore, matū me matū paitini) e tomo te tinana, kua karangatia e antigens. Ko te pūnaha ārai mate pahono ki to ratou whakaekenga o te whakatupuranga kaha o pera-ka karanga antibody - ngā motuhake i runga i te mata o lymphocytes, e hāngai ana i here ki antigens me ratou inactivation muri.

Matuatanga, pārōnaki me te hanganga o ngā pūtau ārai mai i roto i te whekau e whai ake nei:

• wheua wheua, kei roto i te wheua nui;
• thymus;
• tonsils;
• taikiri kōpuku.

purenga toto i āpiha ke e pā ana ki ngā pūtau toto, puta i roto i te kōateate. E kawea lymphocytes puta noa te tinana, me te horapa ki ngā wāhi rerekē ki te nāianei o waitinana roto i nga oko waitinana. Tenei wahi piringa o te pūnaha ārai mate.

Tuhinga mō te e mau ana i roto i te tātaritanga

whakamātautau toto immunological whakahaere i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

• pinepine auau mate o te take mai hopuhopu;
• rerenga taumaha o ngā mate hopuhopu;
• Riro ārai āhua congenital ranei;
• te aroaro o te mate autoimmune;
• tikanga pāwera;
• te hiahia mō te whānui wawaotanga hāparapara nui;
• pōauautanga postoperative;
• whakahaere i te hua fariiraa o immunomodulators i akiaki;
• hārukiruki;
• haurangi o te natura rerekē;
• tukanga neoplastic;
• mate huka;
• te whanaketanga o ngā pānga taha nui i roto i te tūroro te whiwhi rongoa.

e kore immunogram tohu te tuhi kaimahi taiwhanga. i arotakea hua Survey i te mātanga te haereraa.

tātari immunological o toto

Whiwhi i te hua whakamutunga o te tātari ngā te whānui o ngā mahi e hāngai ana ki te whakatau i nga tohu ine, me te kounga o ngā pūtau ārai - paturopi. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, te ahunga o te tātari tohunga tohu nei me aro mātaitia hono o te āhuatanga tiaki.

immunogram tonu, te utu o te mea i roto i te whānuitanga o 5-6 mano moni, he wa-e kai ana me te āta mahi-kaha, kaua, na kua tāutuhia taiwhanga anake aua mehua e he tākuta tika.

E mea pinepine toto tangohia te ki te tirotiro i ēnei āhuatanga immunological:

1. tohu ine o te immunoglobulin serum M, A, G, E.
2. wāhanga fakakakato C3 S4-2.
3. Ko te mahi mahi o ngā pūtau ārai.
4. taupū Phagocytic.
5. mahi Proliferative o lymphocytes.
6. Ine tohu subpopulations o ngā pūtau ārai.

Overview o nga tohu matua

Tātaritanga i runga i immunogram matua whakatau te taumata o te mahi me te immunoglobulins. Ko te tokomaha nui (75%) noho nga immunoglobulins G. e taea ki te tomo i te ewe i te whaea ki te kukune, te hanga pūnaha o ratou ake tamaiti tiaki ratou.

Ki te whakaatu i te whakamātautau toto he maha iti o immunological IgG, kia tohu te reira i te aroaro o te puku o te pūnaha lymphatic, āhua mārere o te underdevelopment tangata ranei. Ko te taumata tiketike o te taunakitanga o te mate ate, autoimmune mate hopuhopu ranei.

IgM Ko te wahi whakatekau o te tahi atu immunoglobulins katoa. puta ratou i roto i nga tīmatanga o te mate. Whakaurua IgM āhuatanga rheumatoid me immunoglobulins anti-infective. kaute teitei tohu cirrhosis kakā ranei whanaketanga.

Iga ko 15% o te katoa taimaha o nga immunoglobulins. Ko ratou āhuatanga tiaki mucosal. E whakaatu ana test toto te taumata teitei o immunological te whanaketanga o lupus erythematosus, kaikōiwi, myeloma, waipiro paihana.

I roto i nga ra tuatahi 14 o te mate puta iga. Hoki tetahi 7 ra ki te uru ratou maha o IgM. Na roto i te mutunga o te marama, i te timatanga o te whanaketanga o te mate i roto i te toto e taea te whakatau i te te piha haapiiraa antibody, M, me G. Ahakoa ko te manawanui i runga i te tapitapi, noho iga ko IgG paturopi i roto i te pūnaha toto, engari he iho ratou tohu ine 2-4 wā.

He IgE me IgD. puta ēnei paturopi mō faaiteraa mate pāwera, me te infestations helminth. I roto i te tangata hauora, whai ratou reiti iti.

paturopi alloimmune

Tenei he paturopi tauwhāiti e puta i roto i te tinana ki antigens o ngā pūtau toto whero. Ka taea te meinga ratou production e rH-pakanga hapūtanga huhu toto ranei. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te mana o Rhesus toto rite ke.

Ka te tātari e whakaritea i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

• haputanga wā mo te ārai o te rH-pakanga;
• te hunga mātakitaki o te wahine hapu e whai i te take tōraro rH;
• materoto i roto i te hītori;
• whanaketanga o te mate hemolytic o te hou;
• whakamātautau o te manawanui mua ki he huhu totó.

paturopi parāoa

Immunogram, te utu o e ta e pā ana ki te whakamahi o-te kounga tiketike tikanga auaha o te tātaritanga, ki te aromātai i te aroaro o paturopi anti-parāoa i roto i te toto. whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i te tātaritanga atu o faaipoipo pākoko.

Ka taea e paturopi kitea toto e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te hūpē waha, i runga i te mata o te parāoa i roto i te wē purapura moenga. He tawhā pahuhu i roto i 55-60 Units. / mL. Ki runga ki te taenga o nga hua o te re-whakamātautau kawea i roto i muri 14 ra.

āhua ārai

Wehewehe āhua ārai tuatahi, me te tuarua. Te Paraimere - congenital, hua i mate i te taumata ira. Tuarua - riro e whakawhanake i roto i te ora i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, me te koiora.

He hoki immunodeficiencies whaiaroaro e ara ake i etahi wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te kaiao:

• ārai hou - e tika ana ki te whakawhitinga o te aroaro o paturopi whaea i roto i te toto ki te whakaputa i to ratou ake;
• ārai hapu - ki reira he ki te papamuri o hormones placental i runga i te mahi o te ngä;
• ārai taipāpā - e tika ana ki te kaha o raro o te whakaputa pūtau tiaki, he hekenga i roto i te mahi phagocytic o neutrophils, macrophages, serum mahi bactericidal.

Hei whakahoki i te pūnaha ārai mate whakamahi parau tumu ako i roto i te whanaketanga o tueke pathological:

1. Engineering āhua ārai - wheua wheua transplantation, ate, thymus, whakahaere o immunoglobulins hemosorbtion, immunoadsorption.
2. Kupu Whakataki o hormones me neurotransmitters - interferon, interleukin, āhuatanga taiki thymus.
3. Rongoā.

Ngā o te faaineineraa no te tātari

rangahau matüora hiahia tango i te toto venous ata (nohopuku noa 12:00). Kotahi ra i mua i te kohikohinga o te rauemi e tika ana ki te hoatu ake inu i te kava, tupeka, whakawhāiti mahi tinana. I roto i te ata e taea te inu koe i te wai anake i mua i te haere ki te taiwhanga.

I te ra o te takoha toto e kore e tango i tetahi rongoā. Ki te kore e taea tenei, kihai i hape te pūrongo i runga i tenei take, kaimahi taiwhanga, ki te aromātai o te hua. kawea rangahau matüora i mua ki tetahi ngā tukanga tātaritanga, me te whakaora.

Huapai me ngā huakore o te tikanga

Immunological tātaritanga o toto, wetemuna whakamana te te tākuta-immunologist hauora ranei mātanga, kua nga painga e whai ake nei:

• te taea o te whiwhi hua tika;
• whakamāramatanga o te mate i roto i te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga;
• e mau ana i roto i te ako o te therapy tarukino i muri i te whakatau i te ine o te korero ārai;
• te āwhina ki te uaua o te tātaritanga.

Ko te ngoikoretanga Ko te tukanga roa, ki te tika te aro mātai tātaritanga pikitia oti rite āhuatanga ārai tono faafariuraa ine, he maha nui.

mutunga

Immunogram he tātari pono, me te tika. titau Ko tōna whakatinanatanga tākuta taiwhanga tino mohio. Wetemunahia ana ka whakatau i te huru o parepare o te tinana, ki te whakaū i turaki te tātaritanga, ki te whiriwhiri i te talena maimoatanga whai hua, me te whakapiki ake i ātete ki te mate o te āhua hopuhopu ranei.