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Irish kaituhi, pehe me Pilitānia Bekket Semyuel: A Biography, ngā meka auaha, me te ngā

Ko Airihi Bekket Semyuel roto i nga toa Nobel pera-ka karanga tito noa tuhituhi. Taunga ki tana mahi, e whakamahi ia i roto i te reo Ingarihi me te French, i roto i translation Russian tīmata ki te tākaro "Waiting for Godot". Ko ia te tangata e kawea mai te angitu tuatahi Beckett (i roto i te wa 1952 - 1953 tau). I reira, rawa he kaitito rongonui Semyuel Bekket. Plays tau rerekē e ratou, hoatu i roto i te whare maha huri noa i te ao.

Āhuatanga o te tākaro "Waiting for Godot"

Ko te orotahi tuatahi, no te nei tamata ki taa pānui Beckett - he whare tapere tohu o Maeterlinck. Here, pera i roto i Maeterlinck, he mahara ki te tikanga o te mea kei te tupu he taea anake, ki te kahore koe e tamata ki te tīmata i te kāwai o ngā āhuatanga tūturu-ora. tīmata anake nga kaupae whakawhiti i roto i te reo o ngā tohu ki te tiki ake i roto i nga scenes o "Godot," te whakaaro o te kaituhi. Heoi, nga ture o te whakawhiti taua i runga i to ratou ake ko na whānui, me te pouri, e ohie ki te tiki ake i te mau taviri e kore e taea. Beckett ua kihai ia ki te whakamārama i te tikanga huna o te tragicomedy.

Ka rite ki Beckett aromatawaitia ratou auaha

I roto i te uiuiraa, Hamuera, mo te tumu mau o tona mahi, ka mea te rauemi ki nei mahi ai - te reira kuware, paruparu. ka mea ia e te tūhura i te rohe, e whiriwhiri toi ki te waiho peka rite te tahi mea hohotahi ki toi. I tetahi atu take, ka mea a Beckett kihai i ia he philosopho, a kore i kite nga mahi o philosopho, no te mea kahore ratou e matau ki tetahi mea o ta ratou e tuhituhi. ka mea ia e he hiahia ia kei roto i kore te whakaaro, engari te puka anake i roto i nei e whakahuatia e ratou. E kore e hiahia i roto i te Beckett me ngā pūnaha. Ko te mahi o te kaitoi, i roto i tona whakaaro, - ki te kitea te puka tika ki te whakama me te takirimatia e karanga tatou oraraa. Ko reira nako te raruraru o te puka e ki te whakatau o te Swedish Academy.

Origin Beckett

He aha e nga pakiaka o whakaaro a Beckett e arahina ia ki taua tūranga tino? Ka taea e ki te ao i roto o te kaituhi whakamārama tona biography poto? Semyuel Bekket, me mea te reira, e kore i te tangata ngāwari. Ko te Facts o Life o Hamuera rite kairangahau whakaaro tana mahi whakaheke rawa nui te marama i runga i nga takenga mai o perception o te ao o te kaituhituhi.

Matamua Semyuel Bekket (Hamuera Beckett) i roto i Dublin, te tama a Polotesita taonga, me te karakia. oho nga tupuna o te kaituhituhi, Wīwī Huguenots, i roto i te rau tau 17 ki Ireland, tumanako hoki te ora hāneanea me te ti'amâraa no te faaroo. Otiia kihai a Hamuera i te timatanga tango tenetere te pūtake fakalotu o te Māoritanga utuafare. "To'u na metua - e ai ta ia - kua homai tetahi mea o ratou whakapono."

te wā o te whakangungu, mahi whakaako

I muri ako i roto i te kura whiriwhiri, a ka i roto i te taua Jesuit Trinity College i roto i Dublin, te wahi kotahi ako ia Swift, a ka Wilde, Beckett rua tau mahi i roto i te mahi whakaako i roto i Belfast, ka oho ki Paris ka mahi hei kaiako intern o English i Higher kura Pūnoa me ka i te Sorbonne. te pānui i te tangata Young te rota o ana kaituhi tino ko Dante ko Shakespeare, Socrates ko Descartes. Otiia kihai i kawea mai marino te matauranga ki te wairua te pehi. Mō tau tona wawe, haamana'o ia: "Ko ahau pouri taea e ahau ite i te reira ki to koutou wairua katoa, a hoatu ki reira ki runga.". uru Beckett e whai wāhi atu me te ake tangata ke i te iwi, i roto i kore ara. A ka ko reira te wa ki te whakaoti i te whakararuraru, Beckett e rua ki iho a ki ētahi atu.

Ko te take o te whakararuraru, ki te ao

He aha e nga pakiaka o te tūranga intransigent tangohia e Semyuel Bekket? e kore he tino haamaramarama tenei wāhi tona haurongo. Ka taea e koe te kōrero ki te huru sanctimonious i roto i te utuafare, te College Jesuit i te mau faaueraa: "Ireland - te whenua o theocrats me censors, e kore i taea e ahau ki reira ora." Heoi, i roto i Paris, ki tonu i te subversives me tutu i roto i te toi, Beckett i kore mawhiti te mana'o o te mo'emo'e irresistible. tutaki ia Paora Valéry, Ezra Pauna ko Richard Aldington, engari tetahi o enei mau taleni kihai i riro i te mana i te pae varua no te ia. Anake ka hēkeretari tuhituhi James Joyce, kitea Beckett i shefe "pai morare" a muri korerotia Joyce i awhinatia ia e ia ki te matau ki ta te whakaaro o te kaitoi. Heoi, wehe ratou ara - a kahore anake te mea o huru o te ora (te aroha, whaiāipo tamahine Joyce ki Beckett ki te mahi i te taea te haerenga ki te whare o Joyce, a ka haere ia ki Airana), engari ano hoki i roto i te toi.

I aru tenei e tautohetohe huakore ki tona whaea, e ngana ana ki te haehae ia ratou atu i te ao i waho (mo te ra kihai i waiho e ia te whare, huna i whanaunga pesky me hoa i roto i te puhoi utu te tari pihi), tour horihori o nga pa Pākehā, te maimoatanga i roto i te whare hauora mō te korekore ...

tuatahi Literary, te hua tuatahi

hanga Beckett tona pehepehe tuatahi "Bludoskop" (1930), ka puta mai he tuhinga roa i runga i Proust (1931) ko Joyce (1936), he kohinga o ngā kōrero poto, me te pukapuka o rotarota. Otiia i matou kahore angitu, i enei mahi, e hanga nei e Semyuel Bekket. (Ko te arotake i runga i tenei pūrākau hoki unflattering) "Murphy" - haere mai te hua o te tangata taitamariki ki Rānana i Ireland. paopao te pūrākau i te taha o 42 taata poro. Anake i roto i te 1938, ka i roto i te hepohepo, te mamae mau ma'i pae tino mutunga, engari atu matau o ratou Ireland horihori me te ti'aturi pūtea i runga i tona whaea, i mahue ake Bekket Semyuel me noho ano i roto i Paris, i tetahi o nga kaiwhakaputa "Murphy". Heoi, ka tutaki te pukapuka ki te e pehi. haere mai Success muri mai, kihai i ka rongonui tonu Bekket Semyuel, nei pukapuka e mohiotia, ka aroha e maha. I mua e Hamuera i ki mau i roto i te tama'i.

pakanga

mau te pakanga Beckett i Paris, a haea ana e ia i roto i o noho motuhake whaiaro-whakaritea. ka mau a Life atu hanga. Kua riro hopukia me ngaki kitea. Ko te tino whakamataku hoki Beckett nga pūrongo e timata maha hoa mua ki te mahi i runga i te noho. Hoki ia, E kore e ara ake te kōwhiringa. ka Bekket Semyuel he mema kaha o te resistance me te mahi hoki e rua nga tau i roto i ngā rōpū huna "Star" me "kororia", te wahi i mohiotia e ia e te īngoa Airihi. ngā ana kawenga kohikohi mōhiohio, te iritiraa i te reira ki te reo Ingarihi, tukatukaiti. I matou ki te haere ki te tauranga, te wahi i hāngai ope German moana. A, no te kitea te Gestapo te rōpū, a ka anga nga hopukia, ka haere a Beckett ki piri i roto i te kainga i roto i te tonga o France. Na, he marama torutoru mahi ia kia rite ki te liliu o te Cross Whero i roto i te fare ma'i hōia. I muri i te whawhai i whakawhiwhia e ia te mētara "hoki Ratonga roto Battle". ka mea te tikanga o General de Gaulle: "Beckett, Sam tangata o te itoito nui ... i te mahi ia te mahi, ara i roto i te ati tahuti."

tau Arts hōia, Heoi, kihai i puta ke te huru ngali Beckett, e ka whakatau i te akoranga o tona ora me te kunenga o te auahatanga. Ia kotahi mea e i roto i te ao i reira he mea e tu ana anake te auahatanga.

Ko te angitu-maoro-hia

Ko te angitu o Beckett ki mai ki te tihi o nga 1950. Kua tīmata te whare pai i roto i Europe ki te hoatu i tana tākaro "Waiting for Godot". I roto i te wā i 1951 ki te 1953, whakaputaina ana e ia he huinga toru te tuhi. Ko te wahi tuatahi - te pūrākau "te Mall", te tuarua - "mate Malone" me te tuatoru - "Untitled". hanga tenei huinga toru kua te kaituhi tetahi o nga toi tino rongonui, me te whai mana o te rau tau 20 te kupu. Enei pakimaero, i whakamahia nei ki te hanga i huarahi auaha ki te tuhi, mau iti ahua ki nga puka tuhituhi mua. kua oti te tuhituhi ratou i roto i French, me te iti i muri mai whakamaoritia ratou Beckett ki Ingarihi.

Hamuera, e whai ake nei i te angitu o tona tākaro "Waiting for Godot", faaoti ki te whakawhanake rite te kaitito. I hanga te tākaro "Mō katoa e hinga," i roto i te 1956. I te mutunga o nga 1950 - wawe 1960. i reira ko nga mahi e whai ake nei: ". Days hari" "Endgame", "Rīpene Last o Krapp" me whakatakotoria ratou te turanga o te whare matakitaki o te heahea.

I roto i te 1969, i whakawhiwhia Beckett te Nobel. Me mea e ahau e Hamuera painga noatia e te aro nui haere e haere tahi tonu rongo. whakaae ia ki te whakaae ki te Nobel anake i runga i te huru e kore e whiwhi ia i te reira, me te kaiwhakaputa Wīwī o Beckett me tona hoa maoro Jérôme Lindon. I rite tēnei huru.

Āhuatanga koe Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - te kaituhi o maha pukapuka me whakaari. Katoa o ratou tohu paruparu tangata i roto i te mana o huru me peu, i mua i kai i te uhinga o te ora. I roto i te poto, he absurdity! Well, kia waiho reira heahea. Te nuinga pea, a kahore he tirohanga taua o iku'anga tangata he hira.

pahųtanga o totohe a tawhio noa te tito tuhituhi, te tuatahi o te katoa, ahakoa taua toi me te toi i roto i te whānui ahakoa he reira whakaaetia? Engari kia mahara tatou ki nga kupu o tetahi Airihi, William Yeats, e mea kia kia mohio ki te taata i roto i te mau huru taea katoa, e kore he kata kawa rawa, korokë whakapeka rawa, te minamina ki whakamataku rawa i reira ... E mea ohie ki te whakaaro te mea e riro o te hapori i roto i nei ki ngā tikanga me te tikanga o te toi here mārō whakaritea. Heoi, huihui nui ki te whakaaro - te hītori, rawa tatou, e matau ana taua tauira. Whakamutua enei wheako pouri o Procrustes: ope, te wahi tino iti ngā mahi maramarama ki te hunga i whanau i roto i nga tari o te ture, ngaro ona kanohi, me taringa, a ka mau ia ati hou ia i te ohorere. Na ki kahore whiriwhiri, engari farii i te Ture o nga tikanga o te tuhinga heahea. Ka rite ki ki te hinganga ōkawa, e kore e ara hoariri o nga whakaaro o Beckett whakakahore tona ngaiotanga - o te akoranga, i roto i te anga o te tikanga whāngai e ratou. Ko Genrih Bell, hei tauira, i roto i te aparauraa mea: "Beckett, whakapono ahau, a muri ake nei whakaongaonga mahi-e mau".

I roto i te 1989, i tau 83, ka mate ia i runga i Bekket Semyuel. Poetry me te tuhi o tona, whakaaro ahau, no te tau e maha, ka kia hāngai.

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