Kaha Archimedes

tupu Genius Archimedes ake i roto i te whānau o te pāngarau, riro he mātauranga pai i roto i Alexandria, a noho ana ora katoa i roto i te pa Sicilian o Hairakuha. riro ia te kaiwhakarewa o rehe ariā, pai mahi i runga i te raruraru o te kimi i te wāhi mata me te rōrahi o ngā āhua me tinana. E mea pinepine haamana'o tona parau rongonui, "Homai ki ahau te wahi ki te tu a ka neke ahau te whenua!" Na te parau ra "Eureka!" Ka uakina ana e ia te ture, ko muri i tona ingoa. Otiia, i roto i te tua, ko ia he pūtaiao tino i roto i te mara o te āhuahanga me rehe, a ko ana whakatutukitanga engineering mīharo to'utangata whakaaro itoito me hua nui. hanga e ia he catapult ki vysokopritselnym i whiua e te pūnaha tona tikanga poraka-ringa taea ki ara te kaipuke i runga i te wai, a ka whakaaro ratou tahuna whakaata he poraka solntseotrazhayuschih te kaipuke Roma i roto i te whakapaenga o Hairakuha.

I roto i te tahi atu ngā āhuatanga e hono hītori ki te ingoa o tenei kaiputaiao ngingila i roto i te ahupūngao ake ka noho te kaha Archimedes. e pā ana tēnei kitenga i ki te hiahia mahi: hiahiatia ki te whakatau i te faitotonú rei, ki te hanga i te karauna mo te kingi Hiero II. Kei te karanga a aha inaianei te mahara motuhake, i mohiotia pai noa i roto i aua ra, engari pehea ki te whakatau i te nui o te taua hua matatini, kihai i reira mārama. Poutohu hononga te pakeke te whakatuwhera parau tumu Archimedes 'ki te tango i te pūtaiao pati. Ko te ngako o te kitea takoto i roto i te meka e te tinana i roto i te inu mahi puāwai o Archimedes, te whakamāramatanga o e ko te tumu parau o te tokanga makehe o kaihoahoa o nga tikanga kauhoe, ngā pūrere mahi i roto i te wai, i raro i te wai, me te ahanoa aeronautics - poihau, tirohanga, airships, me ētahi atu .

kī te waihanga matarohia o te ture e te puāwai rite ki te taimaha o te wai e whakakingitia ia he tino rumakina i roto i te reira. I raro i tenei whakamāramatanga tohu rawa ngāwari tātai: ki te amo tatou e te rōrahi o te tinana rumakina i roto i te wai he rite ki te E, me te rahi o te wai - p, na to ratou hua ko te kaha Archimedes hiahiatia. tuhituhia te tātai hoki tona tātaitanga te rite e whai ake nei:

F = p * Mō

Tino maha te whakamatautau i te reira ki te hoatu ki te whakamātautau parau tumu Archimedes ' ki te faatura ki hau - kiato rawa nui rerekē o te wai me te hau. No te taunu i te whakamātau tika ohie. I roto i te mekemeke, ki te rangi wahi hōneatanga i runga i te pauna nui pōro, hei tauira, karaihe, me taimaha whakarewa ki te taurite te reira.

Na, i roto i te rangi potupotutatau taimaha o te pōro e te taimaha o nga pauna, a taea tuhituhi i te whārite makona Pm = Pr, no te mea mea whärite. Ki te tuatahi amo e parau tumu Archimedes 'he whaimana, ka te taimaha i runga i te pōro me te kaha o Archimedes FSH ko FG, a ka taea te tuhia anōtia te huru o te taurite:

Pm = Rsh1 - FSH me Pr = WG1 - FG wahi Rsh1 WG1 me pōro taimaha, me te taimaha i roto i te korehau. Na ka puta tatou rite whakaako i roto i te kura: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - FG, i reira Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + Photoshop = WG1 + (F w - FW).

Na e hiahia ana tatou ki te - hiahia ki te whakakitea te tirotiro o ope puāwai ki te pōro me pauna: PN = p * a Aketura, a fy = p * Gr.

Te hanga i te uara whakauru o ope puāwai i roto i te kīanga mō Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + PN = WG1 + (p * a Aketura - p * Gr) = WG1 + p * (OSH - Oz).

I te pae hopea, te tiki matou ki te taimaha o te pōro i te faaiteraa tuwhera i, i roto i te tirohanga o te meka e Aketura> Oka, rau kahore feaa: te taimaha o te pōro i te kau atu taimaha ki taimaha, ahakoa i roto i te rangi, me te he whārite ratou: Rsh1 = WG1 + p * (a Aketura - Oka ).

Ko te take hoki tenei mutunga ko e tei te kaha Archimedes i te taimaha motuhake o te rangi, me te rōrahi o te poi. I roto i tenei take, tirohia ko te tino māmā tenei mutunga - he mea e tika ana ki te papu i te rangi i roto i o te pouaka. Ki te mea koe i tenei, ka taea e fakatāutaha kia koe tino e te ture ko te ture, kua oti, wā, ki hea - e rua i roto i te wai, me te i roto i te hau. Kei te mahue e taunaki o tenei, te mua tautika pauna, pōro.

Pūrere, nei oraraa rawa - whakaatu tonu o te parau tumu Archimedes 'i roto i ona ahua katoa, ko te waka ruku. Ture o te oko taimaha mo te whakatutukitanga o kōwhiringa haere katoa te whakamahi i tāke whakataimaha - he tauira oraora o te whakamahi i roto i te mahi he āhuatanga tino tawhito i roto i ngā āhuatanga hou.