Kaituku-acceptor here: tauira o matū

here kaituku-acceptor, ranei taunga here - he ahua o te here kotuari. Te tāutu ngā āhuatanga motuhake o tenei momo o te kōrero, e hoatu e matou tauira whakaatu tona hanganga.

here kotuari

Hei timata, tīpako i te āhuatanga motuhake o te nuinga o te here matū kotuari.

kia ai taua mea neke, me te kore-neke, i runga i te tūranga o te rua irahiko i waenga i ngā ngota rānei. Ki te reira te mea he neke wāhanga o te irahiko kiato i te aronga o tetahi o nga ngota puta kotuari neke here matū. Ko taea te āhuatanga rite ki te hanganga o te here i waenganui i te-konganuku kore, he electronegativity rerekē. A, no te e whakaarahia ana, he neke nui o te rua irahiko i roto i te ahunga o te ngota ki te taupū tiketike o te eo. A, no te hanganga o te here i waenganui i te-konganuku kore ia te uara ano o te electronegativity kihai i rite neke rua o ngā irahiko, ka karanga he hononga taua te he nonpolar.

Tauira he hāora, hauwai, Ozone me ūkuikui. here pākoki he waikawa pūmāota, te wai, haukini.

He he he wā motuhake, whakawhetai ki e taea te āhuatanga e te maha o te irahiko takirua e hanga e i waenganui i ngā ngota.

Hoatu e titau mo te hanganga o te hononga e rua irahiko ka whai toru kōrero i waenganui i te ngā ngota hauota, i.e. hāngai te liunga lahi ki toru. Kaituku-acceptor here - ko te take motuhake o te here kotuari neke, engari kua riro te reira pāhekoheko intermolecular o matū.

Āhuatanga o te huarahi

Ki te hanga i te here kotuari rawaka ngā tikanga i waenganui i rua irahiko (takirua katoa). here kaituku-acceptor i hanga e te matū i roto i te rua o ngā irahiko i tetahi taha (i te kaituku), kau (free) i runga i orbital o tetahi atu ngota (acceptor). I roto i te take kotuari neke (kore-neke) me te kōrero ki te pāhekoheko kaituku-acceptor o te irahiko te mutunga riro noa.

ato'ae te haukinia Mātauranga

Ka rite ki te mea i hanga ai o te here kaituku-acceptor? Tauira o matū hoatu i roto i te akoranga o te matū kura nui, iti haukinia te māraa. Kia titiro tatou i te reira atu mātauranga.

Hauota, kei roto i te rima o te rōpū (Huingaiti matua) o te taka pūmotu wahi o te rāpoi ngota haukini. I ona waho taumata pūngao e rima irahiko. I roto i te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota haukini i roto i te kotuari hononga hauota neke Ahatia e toru ngā irahiko, na te rua irahiko, e kore e nei i whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga taua, e noho kau.

Ko ia te tangata e hoatu ki a ia te tika ki te faaohipa i te āhuatanga o te kaituku ina tata te rāpoi ngota haukini ki dipoles o te wai. I roto i te te wai i te māraa ļa hauwai i to ratou ake irahiko, na whakaaturia reira āhuatanga acceptor.

I te kau ina e tata nui ki te iraoho hauwai i te wai te rāpoi haukini, hauota kapua arā o rua irahiko tahuri i roto i te attraction hauwai te māraa, riro te reira noa ki a ratou. Ko te hua ko te hanganga o te hononga tetravalent i waenganui i te hauota, me te hauwai, te riro te reira tikanga kaituku-acceptor. Ko tenei i huaina te mea ko te tauira matarohia o te hanganga o te here.

ato'ae oxonium Mātauranga

I roto i te marautanga kura (taumata taketake) e kore e whakaaro oxonium tīhiko (hauwai honowai), kia rite ki Protolytic ariā o rongoā ako te anake i te taumata kōtaha. Mai i reira he ano here kaituku-acceptor whakamahia, tauira o tona hanganga te titiro.

Ka rite ki kaituku i roto i tenei take, ka mahi rite te rāpoi ngota wai, a ka whakaaturia e nga āhuatanga o te acceptor iraoho. I Tirohia kaituku-acceptor tikanga - huaina ai ko te matū turanga o pūhui matatini, a reira tika tokanga makehe. whakamārama e ia te ariā ngako waikawa -hiko mimiti, Mariao, turanga, ka rewa i roto i te wai mō tīhiko me ng ngota.

A, no te puta taua whakawhitinga permeation tika herea irahiko i roto i te anga waho o ngota linkable. Ko te kupu he hua i roto i te maha o ngā irahiko i roto i te anga waho ki te kotahi.

te rua te hanganga here hātepe

Tera atu ano tetahi tikanga i ai hanga e te here kaituku-acceptor. He maha tauira o taua ngā, i roto i ngā te hanganga o fluorides whakarewa. He he te whakamahi o te rua o ngā irahiko i tetahi o nga ngota te tauhohe i. Ka rite ki te hua, tāpiri ake kotahi ngota ki te nui mōrahi o ratou kiri, engari e tika ana ki te tango i tetahi wahi, e kore e waru irahiko katoa, he tetahi anake wahi o ratou. huaina aua irahiko e kore e i whai wāhi i roto i, te utu, me ki te awhina o ētahi atu, me te hanga i te here kaituku-acceptor. Tauira o taua hanganga rerekē kaituku-acceptor here ana fluorides o konganuku whenua alkali me te kawakore. Hei tauira, rite rite te konutai pūkōwhai, pāhare pāporo, konupūmā.

He aha atu he rerekē here kaituku-acceptor? Ka taea e tatou wehewehe pūhui pūmau puta tika ki ngā tikanga rite o te hanganga o ngā pūhui matū. Hei tauira, te whakakorenga i te wai o te hauwai pūkōwhai, te hononga i waenganui i te haukini me te konumohe pūhaumāota, e arata'i ki te hanganga o te pūhui matatini.

mutunga

Homai te ture o te kaituku-acceptor pāhekoheko, mōhio e te haurehu e mangere kia pai te mahi kaituku rite kaha, mai i te waho anga te nui mōrahi o ngā irahiko. Experimentally kua tino whakamana tenei tauākī me tāutuhia waikura hau e mangere i hanga e te taunekeneke kaituku-acceptor.

Ko o faufaa ngā i roto i te oraraa o te taata i tenei ahua o te here kotuari. I tua atu ki te whai wāhitanga mātātoa i roto i tona ora e tika ki te here kaituku-acceptor taea te waihanga kai o ngā taka rongoā. Hei tauira, te huarahi hanganga kōrero i runga ake whakaaro kei te whānui haukinia te māraa hanganga o te haukini whakamahia i roto i te rongoā hou.