Kei hea ko te Central Forest Reserve? Central Forest State Kōhaumataora Rahui: whakaahuatanga, āhua me te ngā meka

Ka rite ki te pai, e i roto i to tatou whenua e āta tiaki hoki whakatupuranga hakari, me te heke mai te rauwiringa kaiao ahurei, te wahi e taea e koe oaoa i te natura i roto i tona puka parakore, mataara te kararehe i roto i te haere noa, ki te manawa kakara ora-hoatu o puawai me otaota! Ko tētahi o aua koki - Central Forest State Nature Kōhaumataora Reserve. He he kōrero rerekē, he mua uaua me te hakari nui. Scientists noho ratou rangahau nui, reira whakarite te oraraa o te tahi atu rauwiringa Russian. Ko he tuwhera ki te hunga i aroha āhua katoa te rāhui. Rawa e mai tamariki i konei. Hoki ratou e tū ngā mahi ngā i roto i te natura, ngā haerenga, ko Baba Yaga, e ora ana i roto i te ngahere, whakarite huaota taitamariki me i āu ake whakamātautau tūturu.

wāhi

kei Forest Central State Nature Reserve te i runga i nga whenua o te rohe Tver i te tonga-uru o Tver. I roto i te tau, te reira wāhi i roto i te pā ana ki nga pa tata nui ko e whai ake:

• i Moscow i roto i te rārangi tika ki te whenua rahui e pā ana ki 285 km;
• i Kaluga, 274 km;
• i Vitebsk 212 km;
• i Smolensk, 175 km;
• i Tver, 167 km;
• i Rzhev 75 km.

I 68 km i te whenua tiakina tauhiuhi roto rongonui Seliger.

Fakasiokālafi, kei te ngahere Central State Nature Reserve te i roto i te Valdai Hills, i runga i te wai kei (o Kapiana-Paratiki), nga pito o runga o te awa Täingäwai me Western Dvina. Katia ki te rohe o te rahui, rānei tika e patua i roto i o nga puna whenua o nga awa Meza, Tyudma, Tudovka, Zhukopa i tona rohe.

rāhui Papamuri

Places te wahi i reira he he Forest Central Rahui Tver rohe, ngā pai tiaki noa te rau tau 20 no o te hanganga oneone, me te windfall whenua ngahere meinga fifi mō te whanaketanga ōhanga. I roto i te rau tau 18 i huaina e ratou Okovskim Volkonski ngahere ranei. He ko he koraha. he torutoru anake i taea ki te tango i kainga whakaruru i te awa, me te Tudovka Zhukopa. I roto i te ngahere Okovskom hopu i whare General Romeyko, Sheremetiev me te maha kaipupuri whenua. Ratou katoa mai ki konei ki te hopu, me te ake i roto i tetahi ara e kore te te ngahere whakamahia, ka whakaritea Romeyko tua i runga i te wahi o te ngahere ratou tiaki kia, opani te paera, me te ngahere, ahakoa i runga i nga pukepuke motuhake, te wahi kahore he wai whakaroau, kaimahi neke pūnaha ranei tikanga rītaha-a-wera o te whakawātea whenua, parautia ratou me te hanga whakataunga noho.

I roto i te 1905, wehi e te revolution, ka anga nga rangatira o mua o to ratou whenua ki te hoko, me nga rangatira hou mō pai mahi ki runga ki a ratou ki ta ratou i hiahia. E kore kua puta ke te reira i tūranga me i muri i te nui Oketopa Revolution o 1017. Anake i roto i te 20 o te kāwanatanga Soviet ki te whakatutuki i te take o te tiaki o ngā rauemi māori.

turanga wāhanga

whakapumautia Forest Central Reserve Tver rohe i runga i te tuhinga i roto i 1931 i runga i te mahana o Tau Hou holidays, i runga i te 31 Hakihea. Heoi, ka anga ki te waihanga i te reira mahi i roto i te tau 1925. Na, ahorangi tuarua o te ngä Institute i Smolensk, Grigory Leonidovich Grave, arahina te ope ki te ako i te rauemi māori e tata ana Moscow me te whakawa e ko te reira i te whenua Tver Region i waenganui i te Täingäwai me Dvina Northern pai tano ki te riro rāhui tūturu. whakahē ana tēnei te lumbermen aua wahi, me te kaha tapahia ki raro ko nga rakau tino faufaa kua ngaro uara katoa ki te whenua. I roto i te 1930, whakaritea Grave he ope hou a tautuhi he wāhi hou mo te rahui. Mai i ana tohu tawhito i roto i reira ngā 3,000 anake heketea. Ngā mihi ki te mau tautooraa o tenei tangata ka puta Reserve, a ka Grave ona kaiwhakahaere.

fifi mātanga

I roto i te Forest 30-40s Rahui Central tata Tver mahi ahau pai me fruitfully - whare tari hanga, taiwhanga, whare hoki kaimahi o te ara. Reipa, ko te 61 iwi, o nei i reira i 15 kaitiaki haumaru, me te 21 kairangahau. Oti rawa nui kaha ki te rāhui environmentalist taitamariki Vladimir Stanchinsky, whakaritea he huarahi kōmitimiti ki te mahi. Otiia i roto i te 1941 tenei tangata i whakapae teka, whakatoia, maka ki te whare herehere, i reira ka mate ia i te tau i muri mai.

pūtea Kāwanatanga o te rāhui i pai haere, i hanga taea reira ki te kawe i roto i maha rangahau, me te whakamōhio ekoprogrammy whai hua, engari whiti te whawhai kei te. haere maha kaimahi i te piiraa, a noa ki te mua, i te okiokinga e ngana ana ki te whakatahi i te rāhui me te iwi rohe mākahi e kukume ana atu mea katoa i taea e ratou. I roto i te 1941, whakahaeretia te wae pakanga i runga i te rahui. Nga kau Nasí ko ratou pirihimana henchmen ki te haere wehi hohonu ki te ngahere, engari kei te pahua te kikī pokapū, me te whare taonga, whakangaromia maha kohikohinga me maniusikilipi, hei he ki 265 000, i ko te moni nui mo te wā Soviet.

Ka rite ki te mua oho ki te hauauru, anō te Central Forest Rahui tona mahi. ngā tona tokotoko o 13 tika iwi. hanga ano te iwi moka i te moka ngaro anō te taiwhanga. Otiia i roto i 1951, te tau i kati te rahui faahou a whakatakotoria atu kaimahi. i roto i te 9 tau, i roto i nei i pahuatia ano ka ngaro te rota anake, ka anga ano reira ki te whakahauora. I roto i te 1985, ngā tenei rāhui i roto i te UNESCO whatunga ao o ngā pae tiakina. Na kaimahi reira tari pūtaiao, te tokotoko o kaitiaki, craniological wāhi taiwhanga tohutoro, te ora ākonga o pea parauri, kainga whakahou hoki kaimahi, whare āheinga hanga me te whare mō ngā tūruhi.

hanganga

hipokina Central Forest Rahui he wāhi o 70.500 heketea. Kei te wehea te reira ki rohe:

• Warren matua;
• Pūreirei;
• whakamahi kouma.

I roto i te pata tiakina (te wāhi o 24415 heketea) tetahi mahi e takahi ana i te taiao-toenga i roto i te natura. He he he rohe o okiokinga pūmau, ko reira te kainga e waiho ana.

rohe moka - he Unuhia o whenua e te pata paenga whanui o te 1 km me te wāhi katoa o te 130 km2. I he reira capercailye whakataunga pateri rāhui o nāianei, rohe māori, kohatu whakamaharatanga tūturu.

Ko te whakamahi kouma o te rohe rite reira he wahi tapu, me te capercailye nāianei. I tua atu, i reira he wāhi e kua whakaaetia ki te kohikohi harore, cranberries me ētahi atu hua, tapahi tarutaru, rakau hī ki te hopu ika.

Āhuatanga māori

Central Forest State Kōhaumataora Reserve takoto i runga i te mania pukepuke, te wā e puka o te tauturu glacial. Runga ake te taumata moana, tona tairanga he 220-280 mita. māngai te rohe rāhui e tupuke moraine. He he ano hoki te peihana roto. I roto i te whānui, te wai ko te rota - mo nga 1 km2 e pā ana ki 750 mita o awa me ngā awa. Groundwater e 3 anake mita i te mata. wāhi nui (6323 heketea) hipoki ki te repo. I roto ia ratou, "Verkhovskii pūkohu", "Staroselsky pūkohu", "Demikhovsky pūkohu" me te nui rawa "Katin Moss."

Ko te tino noa hanganga rāhui oneone. He pūreirei, podsolic, repo, Peat, te pararopi, momona, glei primers me ngā ngā ona, hei tauira, kohuatia podsolic, Peat gleyey podzolic.

Ko te āhuarangi i roto i te rāhui maku, me te mātao ki roto i te raumati pāmahana toharite o e pā ana ki +16 ° C, i roto i te hotoke -10 ° C, ra paki, 45%.

Flora

Central Forest Reserve he āhua rawakore tipu, e tika ana ki te peculiarities o te āhuarangi me te oneone. Here te nuinga e otaota Pākehā, 546 anake momo nuinga tipu pai i roto i te atarangi. I roto ia ratou, te grassy - 490 ngā momo o ngā mauwha me rakau iti papaka - 34 ngā momo o rakau - 16 ngā momo, ahurea - 6 momo. Kei te tipu haere te rahui birch, ngaueue, erema, pungarehu, pine, puruhi (i reira he wāhi tino nui te tonga puruhi taiga), Linden, oki, alder.

I roto i te otaota herbaceous reira he maha ngā māngai o te pukapuka Whero, hei tauira, grozdovik, faitotonú tö, hiripa o wahine. O taea te kite otaota me te puawai i roto i te rāhui Camomile, marou, Ivan da Marya, pere, kaponga, calla, Veronica, lungwort, avens, a i roto i waimaori, me tata ratou tupu blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, tumatakuru.

ao kararehe

Hoki to tatou paradaiso iti ka Central Forest Reserve. Na te aroaro Animals momo 335-th. Mammals i roto i te rāhui i nui (pea, wuruhi, Atawhenua, Lynx, pokiha, hata, poaka mohoao, anaterope hata) me te iti (kiore, pekapeka, otters, minks, wereti, hiako, kiore, hedgehogs) - he katoa o 56 momo. kite ano i runga i nga amphibians rāhui (poroka, toads, newts), mokomoko, nakahi. I roto i te awa me te awa e rere i roto i te rohe o te rahui kitea te 18 ngā momo o te ika. Ko te momo rahi konei, o te akoranga, manu. Kua 250 momo tuhia i roto i te katoa o ratou. Ko te manga koroki riroriro, goldfinches, orioles, blackbirds, flytrap, Pinihi, riroriro, toutouwai, karaka toto. haere otereti te po ki te hopu me te otereti, Peregrine ra whenu, purepure ekara, ekara koura, whatura whero-waewae. roto e tata ana kōhanga parera, woodcocks, snipe, cranes, matuku. Ko te whakapaipai o te rahui ko te capercaillie, e e rawa tiakina i poachers.

Kai mo te nuinga o nga manu he ngārara, e kua kiia i roto i te rāhui 600 momo. E kore o ratou māngai katoa ahuareka ki te titiro i a he mahaki, engari e pā ana ki te ataahua o ngā pūrerehua, kahore tetahi tautohetohe. Ko ratou 250 momo. Ko te tino mīharo Admiral, parahi-pūrerehua, perlamutrovka, limonnitsa, polygonia.

ara haerenga

Central Forest Kōhaumataora Reserve rad me tamariki me ngā pakeke rite tahi. Here, ka utauta i aroha āhua e rave rahi ara. E toru o ratou he poto, e pā ana ki te kiromita te roa, engari ngā. Here, kia tira haere tatari mo Baba Yaga, engari e kore e kai ratou, ka ki te hoatu ki a ratou he whakamatautau o te matauranga o te āhua o enei wahi. Ara ko:

1. "Mystery Forest Okovskogo". tupu e toru rau rimu konei 46 mita te teitei, whakaturia mātakitaki tüäpapa, a he whariki ki te papa te ara katoa.
2. "Pū Forest". Ko te ngā tenei huarahi ki te ako i te tohu o noho ngahere, tauira o nei e whakanohoia ki runga ki te mau api.
3. "Moss Staroselsky." Rere ana tēnei huarahi i roto i te repo, engari whariki ano hoki ara te papa. I reira ka taea e koe te faahiahia e kore anake nga manu (lapwings, sandpipers, wagtails, cranes), engari ano hoki pea Atawhenua noa, e te tahi mau taime whakatata te repo ki te kai hua.

Hoki ngā pakeke i roto i te rahui hangaia ngā ara o e pā ana ki te 25 km i roto i te roa. arahi hohonu ki te ngahere ratou, ka hanga he chaperone. Tenei "Whero Mill", "Barsuchiha" me "Siberia". I ara rawa whare, te wahi e taea e koe te akaanga, kai me te noa moe.

Apiti me utu

Central Forest Rahui i roto i te Tver Region he tuwhera ki ngā manuhiri wiki katoa (anake Rāhoroi me te Rātapu) i 10:00 am ki te 12:00 pm o te ra, aru e te tina haora, a ka tonu ki te mahi ki 13-00 ra ki 16-00 pm. Ko te utu mō te whakauru ki:

• tau ki runga ki te 10 tau - 50 moni;
• ki runga ki te 16 tau - 75 moni;
• pakeke - 150 moni.

Tautoko i runga i te roa ara o te 25 km utu 1000 moni mō te 1 ra.

He haerenga ki te whare taonga utu 250 ki te 400 moni (i runga i te rahi rōpū kei).

Whakapau i roto i te rahui i te po he taea hoki 300 moni ia ra (i roto i Zaimka me i te ētehi) me 600 moni i roto i te whare i te āheinga.

Whakawhiti ki te pa Nelidovo (42 km i te kainga Tu'uloa) i roto i te kotahi aronga ko i 600 ki te 3000 moni, i runga i te piha haapiiraa wae waka rānei.