Ko te hanganga tuatahi o te pakiaka, te whakawhitinga i te tuatahi ki te hanganga tuarua o te pakiaka

Ko te okana raro o te nuinga o spore teitei, gymnosperms me ngā tipu whaipua - te pakiaka. Ia te tuatahi puta i roto i pūkohu me mahi e kore anake te mahi o te tautoko, engari ano hoki whakarato te tahi atu wahi katoa o te tipu ki te wai, me tai kohuke memeha. I roto i te gymnosperms me angiosperms hanga whakawhanake te pakiaka matua i te pakiaka embryonic. I muri i hanga pūnaha pakiaka, he rerekē i roto i monocots me dicots te hanganga o nei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou te pakiaka te hanganga kikokiko tuatahi, me te tuarua o ngā tipu whaipua i rua cotyledons nei purapura, a ka whakaatu tauira motuhake te tūranga o te tipu te kopa me nga āhuatanga hanganga o te wahi raro i roto i te whakarite i te mahi o te tinana o te tipu.

Ko te pakiaka embryonic me tona whanaketanga

I roto i te purapura germination whakawhanake te wahi tuatahi o te karihi, ka karanga tuaiwi Germinal. Kei a ia ko te pūtau kiko mātauranga - te meristem tuatahi, ka karanga apical wahi o nei te tihi. I roto i te wehenga mitotic o ona pūtau wāhanga i hanga e te tuatahi hanganga o te pakiaka, arā, o rhizodermis, uho tuatahi, me te rango axial. Kia noho tatou i runga i nga āhuatanga morphological me whaiaroaro o te papanga mātauranga tuatahi, kei i te tihi o e rua pakiaka embryonic, a i roto i te wahi apical o pakiaka taitamariki: te matua, lateral me te apatoko. Momo ingoa whakamutunga, te nuinga kitea i roto i monocots. whakawhanake ratou i te raro o te kakau. Na ko te tihi o nga pūtau tuatahi. I roto i te tukanga whanaketanga, i whai ahua ai ratou te meristem tuatahi. I raro i tona kahu haamata pārōnaki o ngā hanganga pūtau ārahi ki te ahua o te kiko hanganga anatomic hangaia mātauranga ai te pakiaka tuatahi. Kei te rongoa te tipu noa te ahua o meristems tuarua, ka karanga cambium me fellogenom.

Rhizodermis: hanganga me te tikanga

Rizoderma rhizodermis ranei ko te apa paninga o ngā pūtau kikokiko tikanga i runga i te pakiaka taitamariki pokapū whakawhānui reira me manga taha. Tino nui mo te tipu ko reira wahi o te taupoki papanga, whakaritea nei i roto i te rohe pakiaka, te raveraa i absorption o te wai me te kohuke tai. Te reira i ngā pūtau elongated i hanga rhizodermis makawe pakiaka. kei to ratou cytoplasm he maha nui o vacuoles me ko te tino kikokore taiepa pūtau, kahore cuticle. Ko Rizoderma i te wahi pakiaka o te pōtae pakiaka i mua i rohe pakiaka lateral, e kiia nei ko conductive. I kitea te reira e te tūranga o te makawe pakiaka ki te faatura ki te pōtae pakiaka kei i runga i te tihi o te pakiaka matua, ngā tonu.

makawe Root me ratou tūranga i roto i te ora o te tipu

Whakaaro i te hanganga mōkitokito o te pakiaka tuatahi, kia kitea koutou e rizoderma ko te pärönaki o te paparanga runga rawa - dermatogena. Te reira i, i roto i te tahuri, e hanga e na roto i te wehewehe i te tihi o te pūtau tuatahi. Ko te nuinga o tairongo ki huringa ohorere i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao rohe momi pakiaka, reira, makawe karawaka taea hohoro maroke atu. Ko te take matua mō te auau rawakore ora o tipu, a tae noa ia te mate tenei. I roto i te whanaketanga o ngā pūtau tupuranga mate a e haapк i rizodermy. Raro i te paparanga o te papanga paruru - exoderm tango wāhanga wahi i roto i te hanganga o nga mea timatanga whakawhitinga. Nā ki o ratou otinga wai o pūhui kohuke me o makawe pakiaka tomo te tuaka rango, no ki te hanganga tuatahi o te pakiaka.

Kei roto te reira i te papanga conductive i nei whakawhanake i roto i te oko ontogeny - te pukorokoro me korere tatari i te hoa-pūtau. Ehara i otaota katoa hanga he pūnaha pai whakawhanakehia-o makawe pakiaka. Hei tauira, he mea motu repo me ngā momo moana tika ki te taikaha o te wai i roto i te taiao.

meristem Paraimere - pericycle

Tenei hanganga, i te mea i roto i te puka o te whakakai me hipokina te puoto pokapū kei raro rizodermoy. Kei reira o iti, tere wehewehe pūtau o te papanga mātauranga me he hakari i roto i a Papatuanuku, me te tipu herbaceous puka katoa e whakaputa uri i purapura. wāhanga katoa o te rango pokapū whanake hoki o ngā pūtau pericycle.

Ko te hanganga tuatahi o te pakiaka o te tipu bipartite haapapu te meka e te ripa taha me pakiaka adventitious i roto i te kahu o waho o te papanga o te mātauranga - meristem. Ko te māngai o te otaota dicotyledonous no ki te whānau Rosaceae, ngā rekiumu, iwai, kua ka tahuri ai ki te momo tuarua, pērā i phellogen cambium ranei. Ko te hua o mitotic pūtau wehenga pericycle ko te ahua o te hanganga ōrite, me te mahi o ngā rohe kiko embryonic heke mai - periblemy, i hanga nei i uho tuatahi me te dermatogena, whakamana tīmatanga o te meristem apical tuatahi.

uho tuatahi

Tenei wahi pakiaka kanohi te nuinga o ngā pūtau parenchyma. Wāhanga kiko whakato pātata ki rhizodermis ka karanga exoderm, te kahu waenganui o te uho tuatahi - kiriwai. Whakaaro i te hanganga tuatahi o te pakiaka i raro i te karu, ka taea te kitea i enei pae he nui nui o ngā wāhi intercellular. mahi ratou rite te wahi o te tohanga o te hāora, me te hauhā, a ko te kupu whai wāhi i roto i te utu hau. Ko te wahi i roto kei te rōpū pūtau whakaritea i roto i te whenu raru.

I muri i te whakangaromanga e takoto rhizodermis whanau wahi exoderm, ka oprobkovevayut ratou i roto i te rohe pakiaka lateral, me te muri te mahi i te mahi tiaki. I muri paparanga katoa e toru o te uho radially neke rāpoi wai, me te ka rere ki nga oko o te rango pokapū o te pakiaka. E ai ki a ia, whakawhetai ki te pēhanga o te pakiaka me te tukuwai, whakaarahia rongoā te wai me te kohuke te kakau me rau. I tua atu, ngā pūhui matū waro pērā i māngaro inulin ranei e taea te kohikohi i roto i tuatahi pūtau parenchyma cortical o te kiriwai.

puoto pokapū

Whakaaro i te hanganga mōkitokito o te pakiaka tuatahi o te tipu bipartite, e taea te kitea he hanganga taua, pera i te stele. Tenei wahi axial Kei te plurality o ngā hanganga kikokiko e mahi i te mahi o te matū. ngā ratou o kiko tuatahi - kōtai me hanga e huānga conductive, pērā i oko (pukorokoro). Solutions o te kūhuka, me te tahi atu pūhui organic neke i te rau me horahorangia o te pakiaka o ngongo tatari kei roto i te uho, me te wai me te kohuke matū i roto i te oko (tracheas) mai i te pakiaka ki te puoto axial okana whakato vegetative.

tūranga cambium i roto i te whanaketanga pakiaka

Ko te whakawhiti i te tuatahi ki te hanganga tuarua o te pakiaka e wahi i te wā huero me tohua e te ahua o te papanga mātauranga - cambium. Ko tētahi o tona ahua i hanga i paihere iaia protomeristemy.

I tua atu, i reira he wāhi o radiation cambium. Rua o enei momo tuarua cambium meristem hanumi ki te mowhiti noa, e takoto i waenganui i te uho me te puoto pokapū. Nā ki te whāū kaha, pūtau cambium hanga e rua ngā papa o te papanga conductive tuarua: i roto whakahaua ki te stele - kōtai me distal anga i te kiriroto - kōkai. Ka rite ki te hua o te tukanga whakaahuatia ana i runga, riro te puoto axial te āhuatanga hanganga tuarua o pakiaka katoa o te tipu dicotyledonous.

Eaha te mau tauiraa e tupu i roto i te uho tuatahi

Ko te putanga o te kopa whakahaerenga tuarua - kōtai me te kōkai ai panoni me te pericycle. Ko tōna pūtau, hei tuwha i te whāū pūira, ki te hanga i te apa o te puru cambium - phellogen, e, i roto i te tahuri, hanga te periderm. Wae o tona pūtau Periclinal tīmata ki te wehe, e arata'i ki te wehe o te uho tuatahi i rango axial, a atu - ki tona ngaro. Na, ko te kahu waho o te pakiaka tuarua ko periderm ki te wahi e toe ana phelloderm me pericycle. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kei ripeneta rerekē i ia atu te hanganga tuatahi, me te tuarua o te pakiaka. hāngai ana ēnei rerekētanga ki katoa o ona tari, tae atu ki te uho me puoto pokapū. He rawa kite i roto i te hanganga kikokiko o nga kopa mātauranga, me te hipoki ratou. Ko te tukanga tino nui e puta ana i roto i te pakiaka i roto i te wā o te tipu, ka taea e tatou amo te ahua o te cambium me ripa tuarua papanga conductive. Ko te whai ake iti-taitara, whakaaro tatou ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

hanganga tuatahi, tuarua o te pakiaka

Ka taea te māngai te rerekētanga i roto i te Morphology me mahi whaiaroaro o te tipu pakiaka o te tipu bipartite i roto i te ripanga:

I tua atu ki te tepu tuhipoka o e pakiaka thickening tuarua pakiaka i dicots faataa mahi mitotic o nga pūtau cambium me tupu pakiaka i roto i te roa e pā ana te ki whakahōu me neke te meristem me pōtae pakiaka pūtau apical hohonu ki te oneone. wikitoria Kura pakiaka pokapū te ātete o te wahi totoka whenua e tika ana ki te hua nui o te pūngao, ka pena nga pakiaka o te rakau angiosperms i roto i germination taea tomo ara te uku.