Reta Gogol ki Belinsky: whakarāpopoto, tātari

I roto i te rau tau kotahi me te hawhe te whakahaere mātauranga Russian hapori wāhi i roto i te ohaoha, te kaupapa hapori, ki te moni ui totohe rongonui i waenganui i V. G. Belinskim ko N. V. Gogolem, hoatu hiahia ki te tautohe tuatahi.

faaino tuhi

I muri i 1917, ngā te tautohe o enei tangata nunui i roto i te akoranga mātauranga whānui. Heoi, i whakaahuatia ai i roto i te pukapuka i te wāhi anake o tirohanga taunaki e Belinskiy V. G. Letter ki Gogol kitea tona huru ki mooni whakaatu te mana ki ona whakaaro o nga whakaaro ohaoha-manapori. Nikolai taua pā ki te Conservatives. I roto i te Gogol ko whakaaro o orurehau Russia kore anake e kore e hiahiatia, engari ara kino. whakaritenga katoa e ahu i a ia, i riro te reira i roto i te take pai, ki te whakamārama, ko te kupu te huri ratou tua atu āhukahuka. No te tekau tau, i te pā ana tuhituhi te āhuatanga Gogol i tetahi taha anake. mahi ia rite te fakaangá o "te hapori i roto i i noho ai ia." whakakitea te reira i rite te kaituhi nei mahi e whai ana anake ki te whakaatu i te āhuatanga kino o ngā kairetiwhare bourgeois o te ao, anti-iwi āhua o te autocracy. Ko te taha ki te wairua o Nikolai noho i roto i te atarangi.

take mō te tautohe

Hakihea 31, 1846 ka haere mai te whakaputanga pukapuka o Gogol. I huaina te reira "Passages tīpakohia i Correspondence ki Friends". Te riri Belinsky tuhituhi tata tonu te pukapuka ki Gogol. I roto i te reira, e karanga ana ia i te pukapuka "wairangi", ta ratou whakapa he kuware o tona kaituhi o mooni. I te mutunga tūturu mawehe atu te hua i te tohanga, me te whakanohoia i roto i te rokiroki hipoki. Russian tukua ki te pānui i te "Kaititiro", "Souls Dead", "Wii", "Nevsky Prospect" me ētahi atu pakiwaitara. Heoi, ko te kaituhi ia i huaina "tīpakohia Passages ..." tona pukapuka tika anake. I tēnei wā, ka hoki ia ki te kaipānui.

whakaaro tūmatanui

Pukapuka 1846 meinga i matatau hapori poauau Russian. I roto i enei tau, kua hoatu maha kaituhi mua he momo o take mo ki Gogol tuhituhi reira. ka mea etahi e ko te reira he kaituhi tinihanga pakeke, me te kawa nei kua ngaro te māramatanga matau o te mooni a tawhio noa ia ia. Etahi ite e whakaata te pukapuka tona ngoikore, rite te whakaaro, engari ano hoki te tangata katoa e kore e anake. Tonu mea etahi e wehi Gogol whakatau i aru i ana mahi atu o te toi. A maha whakapono e whakakitea te pukapuka nga rerekē wä o te kaituhi, e kitea mau ia i roto i te karakia me te utopias reactionary.

pukapuka o Belinsky ki Gogol: whakarāpopoto

Kei te whakapono te reira e unuhia ana e ia o ngā mahi faaino tuhituhi he aho, rite i tuhituhia tata i mua i tona mate. whakapono Lenin e ko te pukapuka ki a Gogol tetahi o nga mahi tino o te press ture manapori. tonu tōna uara te ara mo te wa roa. I te tuatahi, te pukapuka "tīpakohia Passages ..." i whakaarahia rite te kara, ka tutaki he whakautu pai i runga i te wahi o te hapori. Heoi, i aro papau hoatu e ia te pukapuka ki a Gogol. Aha nga fakaangá mea? I roto i ona aho, ka hoatu e ia he kiripuaki nanakia o te kaituhituhi. Critic huaina ia "he kaikauwhau o te whiu, ko te apotoro o kuware, toa o obscurantism me obscurantism panegyrist tikanga Tartar." pukapuka o Belinsky ki Gogol, he whakarāpopototanga o e kētia i Petrashevzy me ngā porowhita ahu whakamua katoa o te hapori, he faaiteraa o te ngākau nuitanga me ngā whakaaro o te iwi ki te autocracy, serfdom. Fakaangá mea e whakatara te kaituhi mua te kāwanatanga tsarist, manuki'i kaipupuri whenua whawhai ki serfdom. ka mau porohita Revolutionary Gogol. I hanga e ia te whenua katoa kata Plyushkin Sobakevich, te whānui kaitirotiro, e kore nui ngä te pakanga ki a ratou. I roto i te tikanga whāinga, kinotia ia serfdom. pukapuka o Belinsky ki Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich haamana'oraa o ngā wā tawhito. mea fakaangá ratou faatura me aroha hoki ia, i rite te tangata, kei te faufaa hono ki te whenua, te taviniraa rite tetahi o nga kau taki i runga i te ara o te ahunga whakamua. I muri i te tuku o te pukapuka "Passages tīpakohia ..." hoatu Belinsky te arotake rawa kino i roto i te "Contemporary". I te wa o tona karanga ki a Nikolai Vasilyevich kore i taea te tā reira, engari riro, Heoi, whānui. Ko te wahi matatau o te hapori, kahore tetahi uaua i matau te mauri o te pukapuka ki a Gogol. whakakeke Critic ki te kauwhau o "moepuku, me te takoto i raro i te tiaki o te haapa'oraa, me te whiu." tohu Belinsky i roto i te pukapuka ki te āhua faka'ikai'i-o te iwi Russian. I te wa ano mohio ia te aamu o te Karaiti, me tona ako o haere noa, te autaea'eraa, me te taurite. Letter ki Gogol, Belinsky, i poto, ka te Faaiteraa o te whakaaro, a whakatu a Russia. "Mohiotia te ingoa o te faaino i ki nga māngai o te tamarikitanga ahu whakamua", - ka mea a Aksakov.

pukapuka o Belinsky ki Gogol: tātari

whakamoemiti tino tiketike ki te fakaanga i hoatu Lenin. Ahakoa kua whaia te kāwanatanga ki te rokiroki me te pānui i te reira. I roto i te whakaaro o te kaihoko, me te tuatoru o nga Petrashevists peka, fakaangá mea hanga faahiahia ao. mahi pukapuka o Belinsky rite te tohu nui o te whakaaro pāpori. Fakaanga mea e pā ana ki Nikolai Vasilievich kore rite artist pai, engari ka rite ki te publicist reactionary. taunaki tona pukapuka Nikolaev autocracy, serfdom tautoko. e whakaeke ana i N. V. Gogol te kaiwhakarëti, karangatia ia "te papa o nga peasants", tohu atu ia te akiaki o te ngohengohe ki a ia. O te pa i huaina e ia "te ihu i horoia." Ua haapii atu rangatira whare Gogol muru i runga i mahi kaiahuwhenua, karanga hoki ngohengohe ki te kingi, me ana rangatira, ko te mahi o ngā tikanga tawhito. arahina tenei katoa ki fakaanga koi. ka mea a Belinsky e kore he ora o Russia i pokano, mysticism me Pietí, a i roto i te angitu o te tangata, te mātauranga me te civilisation. Ia hua'tu whakahē te a'oraa karanga mo te ti'ai te o whaiaro-kiritau o te iwi, e hoki tenetere takahia i roto i te poke me te paru. I roto i tona reta ki Gogol Belinsky kaituhi tohu i te hapa i roto i te pā ana ki te mooni. mea fakaangá e kore e whakarerea noatia i te iwi whānui taua he tau'a ore i te herekore, i whakahuatia i roto i te pukapuka. Korero ki serfdom, Belinsky marama tahuna tona whakaitinga katoa. I muri te tai'oraa i te "Passages tīpakohia ...", patua te fakaangá i te taha o nga huringa e kua puta i roto i te ngakau o te kaituhi. More tata, i tona pene ka haere mai te "Kaititiro" me "Souls Dead", whakahē pūnaha kaiwhakarëti, kia ngahau o ia. Me ahau mea e i te wa o te tuhi tona pukapuka noho Gogol ki waho. Ko te ano tenei tetahi tautohe i roto i te faaino. ka mea a Belinsky e kore e taea e koe, kei tawhiti atu koe i te whenua, ki te matau i te āhuatanga. Na, kaiwānanga, tumanako e enei whakaaro katoa o te kaituhi ko te hua o tona mau hape, akiaki ia ki te hanga i tētahi mahi counterweight, e e haamou i te pānga o tona pukapuka.

karere Tuhipoka

i patua Belinsky i nga kupu a Gogol e pā ana ki te kahore ona me tae noa harmfulness o whakaritenga mo te iwi noa. kupu Nikolai e pea tona pukapuka - haavare, hua'tu paopao. ka mea a Belinsky e kua roa kua mohiotia he aho taua o whakaaro i roto i Russia. Ano, tohu fakaangá ki te kore o tetahi maramarama me te taranata i roto i te mahi. ta ia e te mea e kore i roto i tetahi ara pai i roto i ki aua mea e i hanga e ia i mua. Ko te mutunga i ko te hua o disorders hinengaro Gogol te pukapuka, kaha whakakahore Belinsky. whakamārama e ia tenei e te meka e tuhituhi i kawea ai i roto i neke atu i te ra ranei e rua, a pea tau.

whakahoki kupu Nikolai

Ka rite i mea i runga, whakaputaina te fakaangá he tuhinga e pā ana ki te pukapuka hou "Passages tīpakohia ..." i roto i te "Contemporary". He e reira, ka tuhituhi Gogol he pukapuka ki Belinsky. I roto i te reira ta ia e te faaino o tona pukapuka, te nuinga pea meinga e te hononga whaiaro. Na hinga mate Belinsky. Noho i roto i Russia, kihai i taea e ia te whakahoki kupu Nikolai Vasilyevich, no te mea i taua wa mahi tino, nāna i tātari. Otiia takoha mate ia ki te haere ki waho. tonoa e ia he whakautu riri i reira.

i tonoa Reta Gogol ki Belinsky i te 10 o Ākuhata. I roto i te reira ohorere hohonu te kaituhi tauhohenga tūmatanui ki tona pukapuka. ta ia e kua riro ia e pā ana ki 50 arotake a ko ratou rerekē katoa. E whakaae ana Nikolai e, i roto i te meka, he āhuatanga i matau ruarua. Heoi, he reta Gogol ki Belinsky kia huaina te ripeneta mo te "Passages tīpakohia ...". Ano, Ka taea e tatou te mea e kore i mohio ki ia i te he o tona whakaaro, kitenga, kupu, me ngā whakaaro. Ia anake ta e kia haere mai ki a Russia, ka titiro ano ki te kitea i roto i reira he katoa ki reira. Ko te reta whakamutunga Gogol ki Belinsky tohu te hinaaro ore o te kaituhi ki te hanga i te tahi mea hou, i mua i kore ia i tirotiro i te whenua. Te kaituhi te kupu whakapono e ara te hunga iwi e te hunga i roto i Russia, e kore e taea e matau tino te āhuatanga katoa. Tahuri ki Vissarionu Grigorevichu, tohu ia i roto i taua e ia ko tana rōpū hoki e kore e taea e mohio maha mea e e mohiotia ki a ia. Fakatatau ki ai, he ki tonu i te māramatanga o te take he aha te hanga i te "Passages tīpakohia ...", e kore e taea e. e kore e reta a Gogol ki Belinsky whakatairanga tetahi, wahi karanga. tamata Nikolai ki te whakatika i roto i etahi ara ki te whakamārama i te āhua o te mata. I te wa ano ite ia e, te nuinga pea, ka whakaoho ana kupu ki te faaino.

pukapuka a Gogol ki Belinsky whakaata te āhua o te kaituhi. i hepohepo a tata ngaro e nga fakaangá ia. tutaki porowhita whakamua ki riri o tona mahi, engari anaanatae matapaki whakahoki G. Vissarion. Ahakoa te tautoko e whakaratohia ana e tona pukapuka kāwanatanga, e kore Gogol i ite i te mauruuru i i tūmanakohia. I roto i tona whakautu ki te faaino e kore e tohu te reira i te take tino e ue'i ki te tuhituhi i te pukapuka. Reta Gogol ki Belinsky te mea makaro me te peroo, whakaritea ki te kupu o te faaino. Heoi, kua mohio te reira e arotahi rawa ki runga ki a ratou ano. I te wa ano tohu ia i Belinsky e ia rawa "marara." ta ia e waihotia te fakaangá te hiahia ki te mohio katoa e matau ia ia ki te matau ana mana'o turai me whakaaro. rere reta Gogol Belinsky o o 1847 hiahia mō te hauora koutou i roto i. fakamanatu Nikolai Vissarionu Grigorevichu kia whaitake ki te whakahaere take i roto i tetahi mara anake te ngaro o te mate.

ngā kitenga

tohu Gogol Belinsky i roto e motu i Russia, te mea te āhuatanga ki te kia tino hari. Heoi, e kore e waiho te reira tata na ataahua. Gogol fa'i reira. Heoi, me ki tenei, a ka ta ia e kore e taea e te fakaangá ia maha nga mea mohio. Ko, pērā Belinsky, Gogol tohu e he rite ki te whakaae ratou hape, ka mahi ki runga ki a ratou e ia. I roto i tenei take, e kore te hiahia taua ki te kite i te fakaangá, e, o te akoranga, ko te reira te tino matekiri. ta ia e ko Russia i te paepae o ngā nui e rapua e te iwi ki te tiro i te ora i taha katoa, e kore e rere ana tupou ki te revolution. Pea Gogol tino i awe i te haapiiraa faaroo. Tirohanga i ia, ka tonoa ana whakaaro ki autocracy. korero ia e pā ana ki te hononga wairua o te iwi, me te kingi, te hiahia ki te tiaki i te reira, ka haere tonu. Tenei whakatauritea koi ki te whakaaro i i aru ia mua. Heoi, no te mea o tona whakautu a Belinsky e whakarere ratou whakaaro, e kore e mea ana ia ki te. Ko rite ia ki te anō-uiui anake Russia me te āhua o ngā take ki reira. Ko he reira tino pea, ko reira tika mō te haamauraa ia ki ara nui o ana whakaaro.

kaimahi kōrero

Belinsky ko Gogol nga hoa kotahi pai me ngā kaitautoko o te tahi mau whakaaro. Tuatahi, ka rite ki te fakaangá, hoatu e ahau mua titauraa pāpori, me te tōrangapū kaha o te Kāwanatanga, tohe i runga i te whakatutuki i te hiahia akiaki o te tini kaiahuwhenua, nei i raro i te ioka o serfdom. I roto i te take rû roa o to tatou wa, pēnei ia te whakakorenga o whiu, te whakataki o te whakaü tino o ture ngā. Ko ha fiema'u tefito ko ki te turaki i te pūnaha o te serfdom. Gogol, i roto i te tahuri, ka rite ki te kaituhi i he kaiwhakaatu ki te autocracy kaipupuri whenua, rangatira. Ko roto i tenei whakaaro converged o enei iwi. Belinsky, maramarama i te tūranga fakamā o peasants, i tuhituhi e riro Russia he whenua, e wehingia ana i te trafficking tangata. I roto i te kāwanatanga i reira i kore anake mōhiotia mō te taonga, te honore, me te tuakiri, engari ano hoki i te raupapa pirihimana. kite te mahi tuatahi o Belinsky te whakangaromanga o te serfdom. mahi Literary, i roto i tona whakaaro, ko te aratohu mo te iwi. Ka rite ki te kaituhi, ka kite ia i nga kau taki o te tikanga hou. I roto ia ratou te faatura nui, me te aroha, me o Belinsky, me ētahi atu mema o te o te hapori matatau fana'o Gogol. Engari, ki te haere ki waho, ka whakaputaina e ia he pukapuka e hurihia ake fakakaukau katoa e pā ana ki a ia.

mutunga

Te aro ki te faaino, e kore e Gogol meinga tetahi tautohetohe i roto i to ratou manakohia. Ia anake kī whakapumautia nga meka. No, roto i tona reta te hiahia ki te whakapai ake, "whakaaro ano", ki te whakapāha, i muri i te katoa, i mua i te iwi whānui. kihai i tona pukapuka i mohio te wa nga rāngai matatau o te hapori. Ko reira e tika ana te nuinga ki te meka e kua hohonu te iwi fakatõ hiahia mo te hou, te ora noa e whakarato i taea ki te autocracy.