Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga hiko. Ko te kaipūtaiao nei whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te engineering hiko, me o ratou mahi

Electrical - mara tino nui o te matauranga, i ngā mea katoa hono e te ki te whakamahi o te pūngao hiko. Tenei kaupapa te whanaketanga, ngā pūrere, ngā taputapu me ngā wāhanga, me te ako o tītohu hiko, me to ratou whakamahinga i ngā. Scope o engineering hiko - ngā wāhi katoa o to tatou oraraa.

Pehea ka anga te reira katoa

History o Electrical Development piri hono ki te taata puta noa i tona hītori o te whanaketanga. Iwi paanga i roto i te taiao, e kore i taea e ratou te whakamārama. History o Electrical Development - whakamātau tamau ki te faahiti te mea i tupu a tawhio noa ia ia.

roa te ako mo te tokomaha, me te maha tenetere. Otiia anake i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu timata te hītori o te engineering hiko tona pōhi i ki te tūturu tangata whakamahi whiwhi mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga.

ariā

Ko te kaipūtaiao nei whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te engineering hiko - he mano me nga mano o ingoa, e kore e taea te tohua katoa o ratou i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ko reira e takitahi, i āwhina ki te hanga i to tatou ao te ara he reira inaianei nei rangahau.

pūkete Historical kī e: tetahi o te tuatahi he hunga mau tona whakarongo e i muri i mea komukumuku amipere ki huruhuru, e taea te utu i te reira ahanoa, ko te tangata tohe Kariki Thales o Miretu. Ana ngā kawea e ia ki waho i roto i te BC rau whitu. No whakatau taketake, kāore, e kore e taea e ia. Ko katoa o tona kitenga i āta tuhia e ia, ka tuku ki uri.

puta te ingoa i muri i roto i te rārangi o herenga "pūtaiao, Engineers hiko me o ratou mahi" anake i roto i te 1663, ka hangaia te pa o Magdeburg Otto Fon Gerike te mīhini, i te mea he mea porotaka e taea kore anake kukume, engari pei taonga.

kaipūtaiao Famous

I muri, whakanohoia Home Electronics taua pūtaiao pai-mohiotia, pērā i:

• Stiven Kerei, e whakahaere ngā i runga i te tuku o te hiko i runga i te tawhiti. Ko te hua o tona rangahau ko te mutunga e ahanoa o te mana tuku rerekē.
• Sharl Dyufe, e whakaarohia ana te ariā o te momo rerekē o te hiko.
• Dutchman Pieter van Musschenbroek. Kua riro te reira i condenser tenenga rongonui.
• Tino ako tītohunga Georg Richman me Mikhail Lomonosov.
• Pineamine Franklin. haere ki raro tenei tangata i roto i te hītori rite te ihi o te tokotoko uira.
• Luigi Galvani.
• Vasily Petrov.
• Sharl Kulon.
• Hans Oersted.
• Alessandro Volta.
• Andre wae iahiko.
• Maykl Faradey, me te tini ke atu.

energetics

Electrical - pūtaiao e ngā wha wāhanga o te tuatahi, me te turanga o e ko te mana. Ko reira te pūtaiao o te whakatupuranga, tuku, me te kohi o te pūngao. Kua te taata kua taea ki te whakamahi i angitu i tēnei hangarau mō ratou ake te whakamahi anake i roto i te rau tau 19.

pūhiko tahito taea te pūrere ki te mahi anake mo te ia, kihai i e makona i te hiahia o pūtaiao. Ko te ihi o te tauira tuatahi o te generator ka Hungarian Anosh Ányos Jedlik i 1827. Kia aroha mai, arai ratou pūtaiao uri, a ka noho tonu tona ingoa anake i roto i te pukapuka hītori.

whakarerekētia dynamo i muri Ippolit Piksi. Ko ohie te pūrere: he stator e mahia he mara autō tamau, me te huinga o kopiko.

e kore e taea te mahi i History o engineering hiko, me te whanaketanga pūngao i waho te faahiti i te ingoa o Michael Faraday. Ko ia te tangata e whakaaro te generator tuatahi, whakaaetia nei ki te homai ngaohiko nāianei, me te tamau. I muri, kua kua huarahi pai ake Shtererom Emile Henry Wilde, Zenobia karamu.

DC

I roto i te tau 1873 i te whakaaturanga i roto i Vienna i mārama faaite e te whakarewatanga o te papu i te mīhini, kei neke atu i te kiromita atu.

He pakari Hiko te wikitoria i te ao. ka e fa'ahinga e wātea ana taua tūemi mua unknown hou rite waea, te pūkaha hiko i roto i waka me kaipuke, rama tāone. Kei te nui haere dynamos nui whakamahia mo te hanga o te nāianei hiko i runga i te tauine ahumahi. timata nga pa ki puta te Ruxmaniben tuatahi me trolleybuses. Ko te whakaaro o DC pehu whakatinana te pūtaiao rongonui Thomas Edison. Heoi, i ona kohakore i tenei hangarau.

Ariā Engineering hiko i roto i tuhituhi mātauranga auraa uhi i te maha rawa taea o whakataunga tangata me rohe ki te hiko. Ko DC kua he rawa whāiti ngā - e pā ana ki e rua ranei e toru kiromita, ka timata te parekura nui. He take nui i roto i te whakawhiti ki te nāianei tauutuutu o mīhini rino me ngā āhuatanga whakaputa, te rahi o te wheketere tika.

Nikola Tesla

whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o te hangarau hou te ki te waiho i te kaiputaiao Serbian Nikola Tesla. I roto i tona ora i oti rawa ia ki te ako o te kaha AC, whakawhiti i te reira ki te tawhiti. Electrical (hoki tīmata he reira he meka ngā) Kei te hangaia i runga i ona parau tumu niu. I teie mahana, nga whare e tetahi o nga fakatupu o te kaiputaiao nui.

hoatu te ma'imi i te ao generators multiphase, arataki pūkaha, he counter me te maha atu hanga. I muri tau o te mahi i roto i te waea, te kamupene waea, te taiwhanga Edison, a muri i roto i o ratou hinonga ko Tesla he wheako nui rite ki te hua o te tau nui o ngā.

Te taata, kāore, e kore kua riro te whakatekau o ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao. Ko te rangatira o putunga hinu kua kaha ki te revolution hiko e tetahi tikanga e wātea ana ki a ratou ki te ngana ki te mutu tona ahunga whakamua.

E ai ki nga hau, i taea e ki te waihanga me te aukati i afaá, tuku hiko kahore waea ki tetahi wāhi i runga i te ao Nicola, teleported manuao, a tae noa whakapataritari te hinga o te meteorite i Siberia. Tino tangata faahiahia ko ia.

Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, i tika Nicola, petipeti i runga i AC. engineering hiko (ina koa hoki tīmata) tuatahi faahiti e pā ana ki ona mau parau tumu. I tika ia, taea e hiko te whangai mano o maile te whakamahi i conductors anake. I roto i te take o te pūmau "teina" mana he tika ki te whai i nga rua, e toru kiromita. I tua atu, me mau tonu tonu ratou.

Ki te rā, i mahue tonu DC ruma mo te waka hiko - Ruxmaniben, pahi trolley, locomotives hiko, engines wheketere, pūhiko, rihi. Heoi, homai te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ko reira pea e "postoyanke" hohoro ka waiho anake i runga i te whārangi o te hītori.

electromechanics

Ko te wāhanga tuarua hiko e whakamārama te parau tumu o te tahuri pūngao pūkaha i roto i te pūngao hiko, me te te hurihia i huaina, ko te electromechanics.

Ko te tuatahi te ao pūtaiao yavivshim ratou mahi i runga i electromechanics, ko he kaiputaiao Swiss Engelbert Arnold, e i roto i te 1891 whakaputaina he pukapuka i runga i te ariā me te hoahoa mō te kopiko mīhini. I muri i te hua o te pūtaiao ao, whakakiia Blondel rangahau Vidmar, Kostenko, Dreyfus Tolvinskogo, Circle Park.

I roto i te 1942, i te pae hopea te whakahaere te Hungarian-American Gabriel Kron ki te hanga i te ariā whānui mō ngā mīhini katoa hiko, me te kupu te whakakotahi i te mau tautooraa o maha kairangahau i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga.

koa Electromechanics moni pūmau o pūtaiao huri noa te ao, a ka i he reira taua ihi rite electrodynamics (tirohia te hononga o te tītohu hiko, me te autō), rehe (ako i te motini o tinana me te taunekeneke i waenganui i a ratou), a Thermal Ahupūngao (turanga mana ariā, thermodynamics, wera me te whakawhiti papatipu ) me ētahi atu.

Ko te raruraru matua e kua ako i roto i te anga o te rangahau ko te ako me te whanaketanga o transformers, tītaka autō, te nāianei kawenga rārangi, tamau Arnold. kaupapa matua - mihini hiko, me te tukutahingakore, ngā momo o transformers.

marôraa Electromechanics

Ko te haapiiraa matua e toru o Electromechanics ko nga ture:

• arataki hiko Faraday;
• te tapeke o nāianei ki te ara iahiko autō;
• ope hiko (ano mohiotia rite te ture a wae iahiko).

Ka rite ki te hua, pūtaiao rangahau, electricians, i whakamatauria ai e kore e taea te whakangaueue te pūngao kahore mate, kia mahi mihini katoa i roto i te aratau pūkaha me te generator, me e nga mara o te rotor me stator te whakaritea whanaunga ki ia atu tonu.

Ko te tātai taketake ko te whārite:

• waka hiko;
• kopiko taurite ngaohiko o mihini hiko;
• tōpana hiko.

pūnaha mana Aunoa

te taniwha, ka rongonui Aronga i muri ka mārama e taea te angitu o te mihini whakakapi mahi tangata.

mana Aunoa - te kaha ki te rāwekeweke i te mahi o ētahi atu pūrere ara pūnaha katoa ranei. Operable i te pāmahana, tere, nekehanga me te tere o koki kaupapa. Ka taea te kawea whawhe atu i roto i te aratau aunoa tonu, a ki te whai wāhitanga o te tangata.

Ka taea te whakaaro te mīhini tuatahi o tenei momo te kōwae, hangaia e Charles Bebidzhem. Ki te awhina o ngā mōhiohio i roto i roto i te kāri tokua taea te hanga mana papu i te tikanga o te pūkaha mamaoa.

whakaahuatia te rorohiko tuatahi i roto i nga tuhituhi o te mataotao Irish Percy Ludgate, i te aroaro nei ki te iwi whānui i roto i 1909.

puta pūrere rorohiko Analog i mua noa i te pakarutanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Whawhai e rave rahi e kinakitia te whanaketanga o tenei ahumahi whaihua.

I hanga te tauira tuatahi o te rorohiko hou i te Tiamana Konrad Zuse i 1938.

Ki te rā, te pūnaha mana aunoa, rite i hapu ai o te taha o te kaitito i pai whakakapi tangata i roto i ngā wheketere, mahi i te mahi tino i tuhia ai, me te kino.

hikohiko

Ko te mahi e whai ake i roto i te whanaketanga o te maitai hiko, whakaaro hiko e he piriona wa atu pau atu i to ratou ritenga tairitenga he.

Ko te tino rongonui tenenga tuatahi German ko te mīhini KarereHuna "Enigma". Na reira - te decoders hiko Ingarangi ki i tamata ki te whakaoti tikanga rauangi.

Na i reira nga tātaitai me rorohiko.

I te wā o te ora o nāianei e pā ana te ki te hikohiko waea me papa. A he aha e waiho te whanaketanga o to tatou apopo whakaaro, e taea anake tatou imi. Ko e mahi pūtaiao ra, me te tika po ki te ohorere tatou katoa me te kia ora ake ngā me te māmā ki puku.