Ko te tauira ohaoha taketake - he tirohanga whānui

tauira Economic te tikanga tohu i te tauwhiro whanaunga pāpori-ōhanga , me te hononga i waenganui i hinonga ohaoha, whakapumautia ki runga ki te kaupapa o te kaha momo o taonga , me ngā tikanga o te ture o te mahi macroeconomic. Ka rite ki kia hanga hinonga ohaoha whare, umanga me te kāwanatanga.

Neke atu i te te e rua rau nga tau whakamutunga i roto i te ao whakahaeretia te nuinga wha tauira ohaoha ao. E rua ngā pūnaha ki te ōhanga mākete tino enei - te moni parakore me te moni hou, a e rua ngā momo o te pūnaha mākete-kore - whakahaere-whakahau me te tuku iho. A i roto i te tauira ohaoha homai whānui emit he momo o tauira o te whanaketanga ohaoha o rohe takitahi me whenua. Ko te whai ake he whakamārama whānui o te pūnaha ōhanga ao.

Ko te pūnaha tuku iho

he parare i roto i te whenua underdeveloped tenei momo o te mahi pāmu, me te titau i te taumata iti o te whanaketanga hangarau, te nuinga tiketike o ā mahi, me te ōhanga mnogoukladovuyu, whakakitea nei i roto i te coexistence o ngā momo ōhanga. E mea pinepine tiaki puka tūturu-hapori o te hanga, me te tohatoha. Ko te ōhanga ko te wāhi nui mō te hanga-tauine iti, te aroaro maha mahi me pāmu.

I roto i te ōhanga motu, mahi i raro i te pūnaha tuku iho, te tūranga whakatakotoria takaro e whakapaipai ke. Ko te hanganga pāpori o te hapori i te wa ano katoa tei runga i te turanga tau-tau, me ngā tikanga, kaihe, whenua - e nui faataupupû i te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga.

pūnaha whakahaere-whakahau

tauira Economic o te momo o te whakahau kua whāngai i roto i nga whenua katoa o te puni hapori (runga ake katoa, i roto i te Soviet Union), me i roto i te tahi mau whenua Āhia.

āhuatanga motuhake o tenei momo o te whakahaere ngā te whai ake:

• mana o ngā rauemi ohaoha - te āhua,
• bureaucratization me monopolization kāwanatanga o te ōhanga,
• te pūtake o te mahi ohaoha - whakamahere pokapū o te ōhanga;
• tono, supply me te hiahia whakaritea e te tari whakamahere centralized, i waho i te kiritaki tika me kaihanga i runga i te pūtake o te Māoritanga tōrangapū noa.

moni parakore

whakahaeretia ana tēnei tauira i roto i te rau tau 18-19, ka māngai he pūnaha ōhanga mākete ki whakataetae parakore. whakahaere mahi ohaoha i kaipakihi kapu, capitalists me, runga i, puritia hoki e ratou te mana. Haere whaiaro ture-o whakapaipai tūmataiti i runga i te pūtake o ngā mākete free me kāwanatanga iti poka ki tenei tukanga. mau utua matou kaimahi ngaro tiaki pāpori i roto i te hui o te kore mahi, koroheketanga, mate.

moni hou

E te rau tau waenganui-20, me te taeraa mai o te revolution hangarau, te whanaketanga tere o hanganga pāpori, hangarau me te ahumahi, kei te tīmata ngā tari kāwanatanga ki te ake te whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu. moni Pure āta puta i roto i te whanaketanga o te te moni hou. I raro i tenei pūnaha, i tetahi tauira ōhanga motu, i riro ona āhuatanga motuhake e hāngai ana i runga i nga āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga pāpori, matawaka, matawhenua, me te kōrero o mua. E hi'opoa tatou etahi o ratou.

tauira American

• faaitoitoraa Active o pakihi iti (e hanga 80% o ngā mahi hou katoa e pakihi iti);
• State minimally poka ki te ture o te ōhanga;
• State mana aroaro te iti rawa i roto i te moni katoa o te puka o te mana;
• korerotia te raupapatanga o te hapori ki ngā akomanga taonga, me te rawakore;
• rawaka te paerewa o te ora, me te tiaki pāpori o te tangata rawakore.

Ko te tauira ohaoha Japanese

• mana kaha i runga i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga kāwanatanga ki whakamahere whakahauanga o tenei whanaketanga (unu mahere-tau e rima ki runga mo te etahi wāhanga o te ōhanga);
• utu i ngā kaimahi noa, me ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā umanga e faikehekehe paku anake, pera he tika te taumata moni o te taupori whakanoho;
• ōhanga he takotoranga pāpori (te mahi o te ora mahi, pātuitanga pāpori, me ētahi atu).

tauira Korean Tonga

• whakamahere State, te whanaketanga o ngā mahere-tau e rima;
• ture tino o te mahi ohaoha ke i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatairanga ki tāwāhi, me te whakaiti kawemai;
• mana State o te rängai pēke.

Ko te tauira Hainamana

• te coexistence o mākete me te ōhanga whakahaere-whakaritea ;
• tiaki o free rohe ōhanga;
• ara taumata moni;
• te faufaa o te whare;
• tāngata heke Hainamana ki te tautoko i mātātoa te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu.