Konstantin Aksakov: haurongo, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

Tohu ana tēnei tau 200 tau mai i te whanautanga o te tino Russian philosopho, kaitito, pehe me te tohunga wetereo. tau 43 anake i ora Konstantin Aksakov.

Ko ia he ahua nui i roto i te kaupapa o Slavophiles Russian timata - te waenganui o XIX rautau. Ana whakaaro entailing kai o nga tika o te hapori taiwhenua, i ahu whakamua hoki tona wa, serfdom ataruatia. Mai tona koroua, General Suvorov, riro Konstantin pükenga: ïa me te toko.

Kōhungahunga, te taiohitanga

heke Rhode Aksakovs i te Varangian, mahi Kiev rangatira. Ahakoa i roto i te mua-Petrine Russia reira nga rangatira, "te iwi kingi." 29.03.1817 i te kainga o Aksakovo, whanau Orenburg Province ko Konstantin Aksakov. Haurongo e pā ana o tona tamarikitanga te ki te whenua o tona papa, Sergei Kalashnikov, kaituhi me te fakaanga tuhituhi. Mai i te pene o te matua ka haere whakamiharo korero "pa i roto i snuffbox", "Te Scarlet Flower". Constantine Ko te teina tuakana Hoani me tuahine Tuí, he hoa ki ia atu ratou.

whānau Aksakov i te kāinga piri ki ngā kōrero tuku iho Russian tawhito. kawea Constantine i runga i roto i te wairua o te manaaki, me te ora whānui. I roto i te 1826 oho m Aksakovs ki Moscow.

studentship

riro Konstantin Aksakov tona mātauranga tuarua i roto i te whare nohoanga Pogodin. Ahakoa ka rite ki te taiohi whakakitea e ia tona matewai hoki te matauranga, me te taranata tuhituhi. Ko te tangata taitama he idealist, he tangata koretake me nemerkantilnyh. Tekau ma rima ka tomo ia ki te tari-waha o University Moscow, i te Tari ahorangi Pobedonostsev, Nadezhdin.

I roto i nga tau i tona ākonga, te kaituhi heke mai ki Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev, Vasiliem Bakuninym, ka mau Vasiliem Botkinym wahi i roto i te porohita o te kaupapa Tiamana o te kaituhituhi Stankevich, ka - i roto i te hapori Slavophiles Samarin, Khomyakov. Ko te huru o enei hui Ivan Turgenev whakaaturia i roto i te pūrākau "Rudin". iwi Young rātau huru taonga tupurangi-ïa, i titiro ratou i roto i te kaupapa o te tapatahi, me te pono. Ia i he kolisí, a tae noa ki nga ra whakamutunga ka karanga Aksakov "Slavophile me te Hegelian."

tuhinga o te Kaiwhakaako Stanislavski ko he ako i runga i te pae University i tuhinga Russian. Komiti te aukatinga mo te wa roa kihai i manako ki reira, akina ākonga ki te hanga huringa. Mai i te kuao tau tīmata te fakaangá tauhou he raruraru ki te aukatinga mōhiohio. i nui mauruuru ui whakaaro tātari Aksakov, i whakaekea e ia he mahi mātauranga i roto i Kiev. Heoi, ki te waiho Moscow kore e haere te tangata taitama i ki.

rotarota

whakaputaina Aksakov Konstantin rotarota tuatahi i roto i "Notes o te fatherland", "whātata", "kaimātakitaki Moscow". mahinga Poetry Aksakova mana'o Romantic tūturu Goethe, te puoru reira to'utangata tona otinga, me te tangi tika ki ngā rerekētanga i te derzhavopoklonnyh od.

Ana kaipānui whakapakoko fakangalongata'a o te natura Russian, kaupapa taumauri, faaiteraa o mana'o tangata.

I muri tonu i te hawhe kaitito rautau Fet ko Tyutchev te kaupapa rotarota naturalistic, i whakatakotoria nga turanga o Konstantin Aksakov. Ana whiti - "Creek," "Elegy", "Duma", "Rautupu", "kei te haere mai Winter" - wā kotahi hanahana, me te ngāwari. taea ki te tuhituhi hinengaro e pā ana ki te whenua Māori, me te aroha i te rohi pehe ko. I roto i ona whiti ki reira he he ātahu fare faaapu awhiawhi o te natura Russian. Haavare ore, me te ohie tona pehepehe "A.V.G.", "i te ngakau mate".

I muri mai i tuhituhi P. I. Chaykovsky te waiata ke tetahi o ana whiti mo. Ko te hua ko tetahi o te rongonui tino i roto i waiata o nga tamariki XIX rau.

te tuhi Aksakov

Pukapuka me ngā kōrero poto e Konstantin Aksakov tuhituhi i roto i te wairua o te romanticism me ki taranata whakakorekore. Te mahi i runga i a ratou, ka tahuri Slavophil i rapunga whakaaro, i roto i te rotarota. Hei tauira, i roto i te aamu "Hyles" hanga e ia te peita o te whakawa whakamutunga i runga i te tika rawa te tangata mate, e kore te haurangi, engari te hunga e.

Interesting hoki tona pūrākau haputanga toi "Kapua". I roto i te reira, tatou te tuatahi kia maheni ki te tamaiti roots, me te dreamy Lothar Gryunenfeldom whakahaere wa mo Makiri o te natura. Ia ka puta ki te kaipānui te tangata taitamariki, e kore te mea pera hara ore. Lothar wareware pehea ki te kite i te pai i roto i etahi atu, kua pāngia tau'a ana rongo. Otiia ka i roto i tona ora tutaki aroha te kotiro ki a ia, e pāpaku noa katoa me te mea horoi haamana'oraa kanapa tamarikitanga o te āhua faauruhia o te rangi mārama tiketike ki kapua.

whakaari tuhituhi

I roto i te 40s, hanga Konstantin Aksakov kua maha ngā mahi mō te whare tapere. tuhituhi mahi whakaari o Stanislavski i raro i te pseudonym Evripidin, tae atu "Prince Lupovitsky", "Liberation o Moscow", "kaiako mēra".

I roto i te whakaari "Te Liberation o Moscow" whakakitea Konstantin Sergeyevich te tūranga matua o te iwi i roto i te whakaoranga o te whakapaipai i te whakaeke Polish. Tenei matakitakinga rāhuitia tonu i muri i te tuatahitia i te Maly Theatre. Heoi, ko kāre te kaitito Aksakov, i rerekē natulá ana whakaari, ka kaha ratou Māoritanga ki runga toi. kihai i ratou tino rongonui ki te iwi whānui.

faaino tuhi

kua mara o te faaino tuhituhi kua angitu atu hoki Aksakov. tuhituhi Stanislavski e whakaohokia ana to'utangatá - mātauranga iwi Russian. whakaputaina e ia he buka iti i runga i te pehepehe e N. V. Gogolya "Souls Dead", te wahi i tuhituhi e ia he mahi hautoa, te iri o te whakapakoko i roto i ona kaiwhakarēti psycho Nozdryov, Manilow, Sobakevich. Heoi, ko te nui tino i roto i te pehepehe Nikolaya Vasilevicha Aksakov whakapono "pūāhua Russian", "te wairua, me te whakapakoko o te, te wāhi nui kaha." Ia faahiti hoki he mana toi mīharo me te whakapakoko, mō te waiata mure ore Russian o Gogol, e ta'etuku, rere tonu i runga i te kaha nui, ka taea e rongo koe i te reira i roto i te kotahi wahi ranei te tahi atu.

Aksakov "Moskovityanin" makasini disputiroval ki Vissarion Belinsky o te hua taua o Nikolai. Tona tauira ongo'i mahi ngoikore "Gogol ngana ki te tapaea he poropiti motu," me te lyricism o te rotarota i huaina tika. Stanislavski nei rongonui whakaaro kua kore i taea e i nga wa katoa te mea tuatahi, me te tuatahi noho wahangu i roto i tenei āhuatanga.

Hoki e toru tekau nga tau, whakaputaina Konstantin Aksakov he maha o te tahi atu tuhinga tuhituhi i roto i "kohinga Moscow".

nūpepa hītori

I roto i te 1847-1852 gg. i tona pene i roto i roto i te arotake o te marama i runga i te "History o Russia" Professor S. M. Soloveva. ite ratou huru e manukanuka ki o te motherland rite te mahara ora, te karere o onamata, kaiwhakaako o te ora te whakarau. Nonfiction Aksakov na hohonu kōrero "History" e kua ako ratou i roto i nga kura tūmatanui i te wa ano. Heoi, ki te popularize ona oko o to tatou aamu hero Ahorangi Soloviev, i roto i te puka whiti, kua ia he whiuwhiua hoa ki a ia,:

Ideologist o nga slavophiles kaupapa

Moscow Whare Aksakov i te mutunga o nga 40s i mohiotia rite te Salon tuhituhi, tae mai nei te e Turgenev, Gogol ko Pogodin, Belinsky, Zagoskin.

I 38 tau o te tau tuhituhi Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich pukapuka mahi "Memories o te ākonga", me "I te āhuatanga ā-i roto i Russia." I roto i enei mahi, te aroaro te fakaangá nga whakaaro o te pūnaha pāpori, me te tōrangapū o te motherland. whakapono ia e te hapori pāpori tuatahi i roto i te Russia ko te hapori kaiahuwhenua. pūhara tōrangapū Slavophile i runga i te ariā o "whenua" me "kāwanatanga" ki i tāia te ara hītori motuhake o Russia.

kite Aksakov te mauähara i waenganui te āhua o te mana kingi, me te mataeinaa (tūmatanui) timatanga. Konstantin Aksakov whakaritea mana emepaea mahi anake "te tiaki oraraa o te taata", me te tiaki. E ai ki a Konstantin Sergeyevich, kia kia Tōmua faufaa o te hapori Russian te matau kingi o te iwi: press, kupu, me te whakaaro. A e kore e taea te whāiti ratou whakaritea e te kāwanatanga ranei.

"Haere te kōrero i te ara he"

I roto i nga whakaaro o nga Slavophiles i te hītori o Russia faaite tona whakaaro e pā ana ki te whati fakamamahi o te emepera Pita ahau, āwenewene āhua whakanuia o te hapori. Ko roto i tenei whakapakoko tūnga mana te ngau ke Aksakov Konstantin kite haere mai whiunga kia hapori Russian: utu, serfdom, he wehewehenga.

kī Aksakov ana whakaaro i roto i te pukapuka ki a Alexander II, i muri whakaputaina he tikanga i runga i te whakakāhoretanga o serfdom, a kua roaa te reira i te epithet o "Te Liberator."

Ko te faaino o te manapori Western

Works e Konstantin Aksakov, i ngā, i te tuhinga "Te reo o Moscow" i roto i te 1848, whakakahore i te uara o te wheako orurehau o Europe mo Russia. whakahē ia i te wheako o manahune Western mo te " 'otua'aki' o te kāwanatanga", te politicization nui o te ora tūmatanui. Root Ko te moni o te hapori Russian, kia rite ki Aksakov, e takoto ana i roto i te parae o wairua, me te karakia.

Tetahi o tona mahi - "I runga i te tirohanga Russian" - e te lekooti tonu ki ahau puta "motu -. Humanistic" Publicist io te tika ki te mana arii ahurea me te pāpori o te iwi Russian, e whai i te tika ki te tārua manapori Western. Ko reira faahiahia e te philosopho me kaituhi, i roto i te mahi, tono tana tū pro-Russian. Ko ia he noho o te whakapaipai, i ia he pahau, kakahu i roto i tona koti, a yarmulke (pōtae hotoke kaiahuwhenua).

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

e mea he e he pai te ora. Mana i roto i te pūtaiao, porowhita tōrangapū me kaituhi oaoa Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich. whakaatu tona haurongo he momo o te iwi rite-whakaaro. Ko tonu Whare Aksakov huatau Moscow Salon tuhituhi. entree reira Leo Tolstoy, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Turgenev ...

te whakangaromia e te reira i nga mea katoa i roto i te ra kotahi. I roto i te tau 1859, ka mate tona papa i roto i Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich. Tama i tukua e te mate te tino uaua, he fakaeloto piri ki te matua. Ki te āhua o te hauora pai, he mea ohie i riro kikokore, ngoikore, me te mate ki te mate kohi i te kanohi. I muri i te tau, me te hawhe i muri i te matenga o Pope Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich mate ia i runga i te maimoatanga i runga i te motu Mediterranean o Zant.

I tanumia ia i roto i te urupā Simonov ohu tata te urupa o tona papa. I roto i XX Aksakovs rautau kētia ana i roto i te urupā Novodevichy.

mutunga

hanga whakaaro Slavophile hītori Konstantin Aksakov. Biography (poto i roto i to tatou matapaki, engari na taonga i roto i te meka), kei reira ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te eccentricities maha. kihai ia i roto i tona ora i te hauauru, i te mau i te kakahu kaiahuwhenua, i roto i te rau tau XIX ko tata i roto o te whakamahi. hanga Hoa pārekareka o ia, engari matau: hoki rawa nui o Stanislavski. Ana tohenga me ngā tirohanga rerekē morare hapori. taunaki e ia he hoki ki te ora tūmatanui o Russia huna mana emepaea uara morare pirau.

I roto i tenei take, i nelitsemeren, mau ia vai ma, me te pono te philosopho me kaituhi. kihai i Hegelian me Slavophile Aksakov ite i tetahi o te Māoritanga emepaea me pro-Western. Iwi, a tae noa hoariri, i whakaaro ia, ka mauruuru. Ia kua kore, rite Lvu Tolstomu, Nikolayu Gogolyu, Ivan Turgenev, nga mahi epochal, Heoi, ko te hoa pono pono me ki katoa o ratou. Konstantin Aksakov maitai a hohonu matau te tukanga tuhituhi, ko ia he aivanaa rongonui, kaiwetereo, tetahi o nga tohunga tino nui i roto i te mara o te hītori Russian.