MLRS BM-30 "Twister": āhuatanga, whakaahua

Ake mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, te uara o te pūnaha moata urupare anake whakanuia ana. Heoi, i tenei ra i whakakapi ratou e urupare pūnaha pakunga-ahi (MLRS), engari te tuturu te hiranga o tenei momo o te patu, "parau" te wāhi hoariri nohoia, mahue kahore tupono o te pae whakamahia ki te kore hōia, ara ranei taputapu taimaha. Na BM-30 "Twister" ki enei mahi e taea te hapai i te pai.

ngā mōhiohio taketake

Hangaia mō te rōpū roa-lesion o ngā taumata hoariri. maru ngā whāinga e tika ana mō tenei pūnaha te ka maru kaha ora o te hoariri, waka Armoured me ngohengohe-kiri (tae atu i te momo tino nui o tāke), airfields, hōia, me te harangotengote, ngā pūnaha pākoro pere. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira mo ngā whakangaromanga o te hanganga ahumahi, whakangaro pokapū whakahau me ētahi atu pokapū nui kōrero.

hoahoa

I roto i te wā i 1969 ki te 1976 i roto i i mahi kaha Tula i te kimi huarahi hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūnaha whakarewatanga tākirirangi maha, e pai kia i te take o te nui-unahi whawhai taea te whakamahi rite te patu rāhui mana motuhake. He tikanga i whakahaua e te timatanga o te hanganga o BM-30 "Smerch", ka haere mai i roto i Hakihea 1976.

Ko te tūranga matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te takoto tuatahi i runga i A. N. Ganicheve, a ka oho ki G. A. Denezhkinu. I te timatanga o 1982, kua pai te haere i te MRL hou wāhanga katoa o nga whakamātautau kāwanatanga. Heoi, i hoatu ai ki te mahi anake i roto i te tau 1987, i muri i te whakakorenga o te rōpū o kaihoahoa o te tahi mau kohakore taketake. Otiia kihai i ratou e pā ana ki etahi haupūtanga me kohakore i te hoahoa o ngā momo hou o patu, me te hiahia ki te waihanga momo hou o matā, rite nga swatches ngā noa e kore i taea e ōrite te "Āwhā" te mana whawhai nui haere.

Ko te pūnaha urupare o te whakatupuranga hou

Ko na nui te BM-30 "Twister" e taea me tuku atu ki te whakatupuranga hou o tenei momo o patu mahi kua meatia i roto i tenei take. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te hanga o ngā momo katoa hou o te matā tenei. Here Me hanga tatou i te digression iti. A, no te hanga nga Amelika te MLRS MLRS, ka haere mai ratou ki te mutunga papû e te whānuitanga o 30-40 km mo enei pūnaha ko te mōrahi tua atu i te nui whakapehapeha o te manene hanga ratou whakamahi horihori.

Otiia e kore e te ngā "Huripari" ki te huarahi taua faufaa whakahē. i taea e ki te hanga i tētahi anga pono ahurei ratou: e kore ratou rere anake ki te tawhiti rohe, engari i te wa ano rerekē auau toreretanga kia iti e he pai atu rite pūnaha ke i rua, e toru nga wa. I te pae hopea, ko te paetae matua o Tula te meka i timata matou anga tuatahi ki te hi'a ki repo puhipuhi whakarerekētanga i muri i te whakarewatanga.

āhuatanga anga

Ko te take i kua he pūnaha arata'iraa inertial motuhake kua whakaurua ki roto ki o ratou hoahoa. E whakarato ana stabilization-kounga tiketike i te wahi tuatahi o te trajectory, me te whakatikatika i te nekehanga tākirirangi. Ai te tohu tātai i runga i te pūtake o tekau o ngā āhuatanga, tae atu i te "outboard" pāmahana, tere hau me te ahunga o te kaupapa, haumākū, a na i runga i. D.

MLRS tākirirangi ranei

Ko reira kahore ngaro e i roto i te pāeke N. S. Hruscheva, nei i tukua e "raketomaniey" haere i raro i te maripi maha tauira whaihua o howitzers me ētahi atu momo o te repo pū, kua pakanga nei mō ngā tau e maha te whanaketanga o tenei ahumahi i roto i to tatou whenua. E i roto i taua mau huru, "pana" te hanga o ona BM-30 "Smerch", i nga ngā o Tula ki te takoto i roto i reira i taua āhuatanga e e tukua ki te riria whakahaere matua o te pūnaha ahurei. Anake i roto i tenei take e whai reira he whai wāhi ki te kia manakohia ki mahi.

Ko te aha e tatou pa ki runga i tenei take tuakiri o Khrushchev, ki te mahue ia te mana i roto i te 1964? Ko te take i tangohia e te mahi i runga i te hanga o ngā pūnaha faufaa hou o te pakunga ahi wahi mai te mutunga o nga 50s ', engari i ki te mahi i reira, tata, kahore e maka ana he mata, i roto i te rongonui. Heoi, i roto i te 1964, mahue Khrushchev, a L. I. Brezhnev kore te hanganga o te hangarau hou i pokanoa. Otiia kua hoatu whanaketanga te pānga i nei kua tino pai.

MRL BM-30 "Twister" kua he whānui, me te "knockdown", kei nei i wahi i roto i te waenganui i waenganui i matarohia pūnaha salvo urupare me ngā pūnaha pere. Mau, mo te wa tuatahi i runga i ohipa whawhai ko "Smerch" whakamarie i roto i te kōwae pere e haapapu te faatura hoki manuhiri ratou rangatira hōia matua o te USSR.

tūnga o nāianei

whakaputaina te putanga ake hou o te MLRS BM-30 "Twister" i roto i te 1989. I teie mahana te hoatu tenei tikanga ki roto ki te mahi, i roto i to tatou whenua e kore e anake. Enei tauira kei i te Ukraine, Peraruhia, Kuwait, me te UAE. I ngā wā, moni i roto i te motokā toutou whakakitea nga māngai o India ko China, engari kahore raraunga e pā ana i runga i te hoko o te taputapu ranei hangarau mo tona whakatū kore. E, Heoi, e kore e tutakina i te meka e tata tino hanga nga tauira hou MRL China, rawa haamana'oraa o "Smerch", i roto i te ahua me te ahua o te hunga mīhini e inarā hokona nga Hainamana i roto i te 90 tau i te taua Ukrainians.

Ko te pūnaha

hopoia whakapono tokomaha iwi e te wahi o launchers tākirirangi maha BM-30 "Smerch" e waiho e anake hoki ngā waka ki ipu mō te whakarewa projectiles, e maha puta i roto i te rongo mōhiohio me te whakaahua. Otiia e kore e pera:

• Ko te taonga whawhai ano 9K58 mīhini.
• Machine mō te kawe me te tuku 9T234-2 anga.
• Rauna o matā, e taea rerekē nui i runga i te mahi rānei.
• taonga Visual me taputapu mō te whakangungu.
• 9F819 kete, e ngā rua taputapu motuhake mo te hanga, me te tikanga ki te whakatika i te taputapu nui-pū.
• pūnaha mana ahi aunoa "Maka-1."
• Machine mō te e mau ana i roto i matawhenua whenua, kei te whakamahia te hua o nei ki te herea ki te wahi tanga me ko tino awhina pai.
• Radiopelengatsionnaya 1B44 tāutanga. Ka āhei te reira te wā ki te akatainuia mua o te hoariri, whakatika whakahaere i irirangi, tae atu whakamunatia.

Kei Pūwhakarewa anake o te tahuhu ki te āhua tubular me ārahi ana te whenua waka MAZ-543. eke pūnaha Artillery te i te muri, ka kei te piha mua ko te taraiwa me te waka nohoanga, rite rawa, i roto i era atu mea, te tikanga mo te whai me te pupuhi. Ka taea te pai te whakamahi MRL i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi me te rangi, i te pāmahana ambient i +50 ki -50 degrees.

Whawhai āhuatanga o te pūnaha

He te BM-30 "Āwhā" ngā puhipuhi ka whakamahi i te reira? Ko nga mea katoa whanaunga, me nga āhuatanga mīharo o tenei pūnaha - ina koa. Na, ki te taea te rongonui "Grad" hipokina te rohe o 4 heketea ki te tawhiti o te 20 km, "Hurricane" Kei te patu i te tawhiti o te 35 rohe km o 29 heketea, kaitahu te American MLRS ki 33 heketea i 33 km tawhiti ... e BM-30 " Smerch ", nga āhuatanga mahi o nei he fantastic, taea hipokina tika 67 heketea, ki te whānuitanga whakarewatanga o runga ki te 70 kiromita!

Kua paku e taea ake i te whakamohoatanga hou tenei tawhiti tika ki runga ki te rau kiromita. I tua atu, i roto i te rerekē ki te puāwaitanga "Grad" missiles o tenei pūnaha kore e taea e te mono anake te hoariri waka Armoured, auheke, me te patu karawarawa tona waka. whatiia noa ratou ara tāke taimaha i whakapā tata e tika ki te mana haamou nui. Na e launchers tākirirangi maha BM-30 "Twister" - whakawehi patu o te mana haamou nui.

Āhuatanga whakamahia anga

I aro titiro tuatahi ki te matua o ratou ërä - noa 300 mm! Tahora - aerodynamic paerewa, boosters wahie mārō, rere ana ki runga ki te ranunga o te maha wāhanga. Kia rite ki ta mea matou, to ratou āhuatanga ko te aroaro o te pūnaha mana rere e Whakarite te ware me te "Kozlenev" i runga i te akoranga. Tenei auaha whakapiki i te tika o te shooting i te iti rawa e rua i te tawhiti pito, a kahore e te rahi o te manene ara i roto i nga tikanga tino kino nui i te uara o 0,21% o te awhe puhipuhi.

Mämä noa iho, ara, ka pupuhi i te tawhiti o 70 km, hinga te anga ki te ine o kore ake atu i te 150 mita atu i te whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana. Enei whika i roto i te noa BM 30 9K58 hou pūnaha pū tupara "Smerch"!

Te ako o te akoranga rere

kawea te ako i roto i te urungi hau-hihiri i timataria ai hau pēhanga tiketike i te generator hau onboard. I tua atu, stabilization o te tītere i roto i te rere he e tika ana ki tona hurihanga e pā ana ki te tuaka wä roa whakaratohia whakatairanga takitaro i roto i te kaupapa o te aratohu tubular me tautoko i roto i te rere na roto i te tāuta matatahi maturuturunga stabilizer i te koki ki te tuaka wä roa o te tītere.

Composition kariri paerewa

Ka taea te whakauru i te momo e whai ake nei o anga i roto i te hanganga o te paura:

• 9M55F, te momo tino waia. Warhead - pae wetekina ki te momo nui-taikaha o te mahi.
• 9M55K. warhead rīpene āhuatanga, e kei hua wehenga 72 mema patu.
• 9M55K1. Hoki te mea he warhead rīpene, engari i roto i tenei take kei roto i te reira anga iti rima ki whaiaro aronga-.
• 9M55K4. Kei rīpene warhead wha maina anti-tank, tikanga hoki ngā wāhi keri mamao.
• 9M55K5. he rīpene ki te ahuahu-tiaki submunitions warhead wehewehenga;
• 9M55S ki te warhead thermobaric;
• 9M528 ki ia-wehewehenga warhead.

pupuhi

Ka taea e koe te kopere matā kotahi pakū ranei. Ka taea te tukuna anga katoa hoki 38 hēkona. Ranei e taea te mana whakarewa i te pailati i te mamao ranei. Mō te mana o te tautuhinga mea i te iti rawa i te meka e kore he iho ki te missiles e rua "Tochka-U" toru taua waeine mō te whawhai tōtika. Ko tētahi tonu salvo o missiles ki warheads tautau taea hipokina te wa ki runga ki te 400 000 sq. M. I roto i te poto, te BM-30 "Smerch", e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga - Ko te tino patu kaha, te taea o e faauru faatura fakamātoato.

Ko te katoa taimaha o ia tītere, ahakoa o tona momo, ko te 800 kg, a kua te warhead rawa ki te 280 kg. koki Paerewa o huarahi ki te ūnga - i 30 ki te 60 nga nekehanga, engari etahi momo o projectiles taea te whakaturia ki te koki ruku o 90 nekehanga. Taua "meteorites" patu taimaha Leaky roto.

Ahakoa, ki te kahore te mea te kătahi he pahūtanga o 280 kg o explosives i te takiwā o te tank - etahi mate i te contusion nui ki tona kauhoe, a ka riro te motokā taua pakaru, kahore hanga noa he wahi e kore e neke. Nā ki tenei, kia whakamahia PM-30 "Twister" ranei MRL "Āwhā" (tauira hou) rite te tikanga o tu nga pou tank i runga i te haere. Hoê â huru tupuraa i roto i Georgia i 2008, ka taupokina te "Grad" he rōpū o waka tauā Georgian ki te wahi i roto i ki te tūranga o to tatou hōia.

Hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki whakahoutanga

Kia rite ki ta mea matou, kawea te ao hou, o te pūnaha i roto i te 1989. I roto i te akoranga o reira i whakakapia reira tata katoa hiko, me te irirangi whakatere "whakakī" te matatini katoa:

• Kua tāpirihia te taea o tiketike-tere utu raraunga rauhanga ki tari matua me ētahi atu wehewehenga "Smerch", whakamunatia te mōhiohio kei te me tino tiaki i pokanoa waho.
• pūnaha motuhake herea ki te āhuatanga matawhenua o te rohe, me te whakaatu i te kōrero i runga i te whakaaturanga hiko i roto i te wā-tūturu.
• tātaitanga Aunoa o te mahi rere, me tona tāuru.
• Te āhei ki te tino faaineine i te tāutanga mo te shooting, tae atu i te whakamahinga, me te whai, kahore he ki putaatu i te kaimahi piha.

Nā ki innovations tata BM-30 "Smerch", te āhuatanga o nei tatou i aparau, kua meinga pūnaha atu motuhake, me te paoro. Mai i tenei i runga i, i te Carriers taea hoatu salvo ka haere atu tonu ki o ratou tūranga taketake, e tino whakaiti te tūponotanga o te kite me te whakakorenga o tāuta hoariri.