Kotahitanga - he momo hononga taupuhipuhi ...

Kotahitanga - te pāhekoheko koiora e whakatairanga te ora me te tupu o hoa e rua momo. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko reira he ahua o te symbiosis. Hawahawa e he tauira puāwaitanga ki te whakaatu he aha te kotahitanga.

Ko tētahi atu tauira - te hononga i waenganui i ngā rekiumu me huakita hauota-whakamau i roto i nodules i runga i o ratou pakiaka. Kotahitanga - e te tahi mau hononga tata ki pollinators pollinated tipu, pērā i te lepidopteran Tegeticula yucasella me yucca.

Facultative a faahepo nei kotahitanga

He mea tika ki te wehewehe i waenganui i enei ariā e rua. Na faahepo nei me te kotahitanga facultative ko te mahi tahi whaihua. Te mahi tahi i roto i tenei take, ko te reira whai hua mō te kotahi me te mo te tahi atu momo. Heoi, i roto i te take tuarua, ia tirohanga taea te tīariari i roto i te noho taratahi. Faahepo nei kotahitanga ko - whakahauanga. tikanga o tēnei e kore e taea e reira e ngā rauropi motuhake.

mycorrhizae

Ko tētahi o te ngā tino me nui i te wāhi o te tirohanga o tauira rauropi e tatou hiahia i roto i te āhuatanga - te pāhekoheko ngā waenganui i te harore me otaota iaia. Ko te pakiaka o te nuinga o enei otaota hanga hanganga matatini ki te harore. E huaina ēnei ngā hanganga mycorrhiza. Te kore reira, e kore e waiho taea te tupu noa o te otaota. Mycorrhiza, āhua He wāhi matua i roto i te whakataunga o te whenua. kotahitanga (symbiosis) i whānui mai i nga wa onamata.

hononga mycorrhizal

Ko te atu tatou ako e pā ana ki a ratou, te mārama riro te reira ratou faufaa mō otaota iaia. I roto i ngā momo maha e onge takitahi nonmycorrhizal i roto i te natura, ara, ki te he taea to ratou tupu, kahore te kōwhiringa tupato o harore tipu tikanga. Te nuinga o ngā tipu iaia - te "rua" o te tinana i roto i te tikanga taua rite te hawahawa, ahakoa he te tikanga e kitea i roto i o ratou wahi aboveground tenei whene. E ai ki te pūtaiao oneone i te University o Wisconsin S. Wylde, rakau tangohia i te oneone - ko reira wahi anake o te tipu katoa, hāparapara wehea i te ngongo, me te kūnatu tona okana. I roto i te nuinga o ngā tipu tākaro he wāhi nui i roto i te whakawhenumi o ūkuikui me ētahi atu ngā matūkai faufaa harore.

Fungi hanga mycorrhiza ki te nuinga o ngā otaota e Zygomycetes. huaina ana tēnei momo ko tona endomikorizoy. Ko reira angamaheni mo te nuinga o otaota, rakau iti me rakau. Ētahi rōpū o conifers me dicotyledons - te nuinga rakau - puka mycorrhiza ki Basidiomycetes, me te etahi askomitsstami. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki ektomikorize. I te tahi taime ko reira rawa motuhake: kotahi ahua o harore pähekoheko anake ki te tetahi momo o tipu iaia, he rōpū o ngā momo pā ana ranei. Kei te mohiotia te reira, mo te tauira, e pā ana e basidiomycete Boletus elegans anake ki larch (Larix) o softwood. Ētahi atu puka harore momo ngahere mycorrhizal i runga i tekau puninga. Ektomikoriza momo rākau tino āhuatanga hapori āhua rawakore e noho ana i roto i ahopae tiketike o te tuakoi Tokerau, i roto i te whenua pukepuke ranei.

Hitimi me popokorua

Ko te tauira tino matatini o te kotahitanga puta i roto i te tropics, te wahi te kanorau o kaiao he nui ki runga ake i roto i ngā rohe hitahita. Na, i roto i nga tropics me subtropics he whānui hitimi (rākau me ngā mauwha o te puninga Hitimi). Ko te hononga i waenganui i etahi momo o enei otaota i runga i nga mania o Mexico me Central America, me nga popokorua e ora i roto i o ratou titaha - he tauira faahiahia o te taunekeneke matatini i waenganui i kararehe me ngā otaota. Ngā kitea taea te takina ratou ki Pseudomyrmex ahua o popokorua.

Enei hitimi i te turanga o ia whārangi he rua o tia teeraa e tona roa, ko te neke atu i te 2 cm. Nectaries petioles me rau e kei i te pito o ngā matūkai iti tuku tinana kuao Belt. ora popokorua roto te tia tuwhera, te kai huka i nectaries corpuscles me whitiki, e Kei ngako me pūmua. Hitimi tupu rawa hohoro a e tino noa i roto i ngā wāhi oto, te wahi e maha whakataetae i waenganui i te whakatipu tipu-aihu'a rawa kaha. Thomas Belt tuatahi whakaahuatia te hononga i waenganui i Pseudornyrmex me enei rakau i roto i tona pukapuka "Te taiao i roto i Nicaragua» (te taiao i roto i Nicaragua), whakaputaina i roto i te 1874

Ētahi momo o te whanaungatanga taupuhipuhi

He maha atu ngā momo o ngā kaiao here hononga, e faaite kotahitanga. Tenei, hei tauira, rakau i roto i te ngahere (me otaota) e maha e tauta ki ona pakiaka. Ka rite ki te hua, kei te whakawhiti ngā matūkai i tetahi tipu ki tetahi matatini me te ara tino ohorere, me te ora o te momo i roto i te tetahi wāhi ko mo'oni ti'aturi i runga i te aroaro o tetahi, ki nei hanga reira he here. Ka taea e tumu rakau ora ake, ahakoa kowaiwai o whekau photosynthetic, no te mea kei te tauta i te pakiaka ki ētahi atu mau taata, a taea riro ratou matūkai. Ētahi mate, pērā i tau oki i roto i te Midwest me te rawhiti United States, ano e taea te tuku i roto i taua pakiaka "werohanga".

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kotahitanga - he āhuatanga auau i roto i te natura. Ko te ahua motuhake o te symbiosis.