Macrolides: rārangi o raau taero, te whakaahuatanga

I roto i te rōpū pērā i macrolides, rārangi o taero tiketike, tohu e te whanui rawaka o tono whakaora. He haumaru ēnei taero me e whakamahia i roto i te maha mate o te natura hopuhopu, tae atu te hunga meinga e pirinoa intracellular me te huakita. He whai hua mō te rongoā mate o te kiri, hononga, ratou pūnaha romahā, tae atu Bronchitis me te kakā rerekē pakeke.

I roto i te kakā kino e hoki macrolides whakamahia, rārangi o ngā hua e kua tohua i roto i te kawa maimoatanga paerewa. Heoi, i roto ratou mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te ngā i te reira ki ētahi atu āpiha antimicrobial. Nuinga o ngā wā ratou e whakamahia tahi me cephalosporins. Tenei huinga taea ki te whakarei ake tahi te whai huatanga o te raau taero e rua, kahore te whakanui ake i to ratou tāoke.

whakarōpū o macrolides

Ko te whakarōpū tino mātau, me te watea o tenei rōpū o taero ko te matū. whakaata te reira i te rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga me te takenga o te rōpū o paturopi i huaina "macrolides". whakaaturia te rārangi o taero te raro nei, ka wehe i ratou i runga i te mea:

1. macrolides 14-membered:

• takenga taiao - erythromycin me oleandomycin;
• āhua - clarithromycin me roxithromycin, dirithromycin me fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15-ētahi atu) Macrolides: Azithromycin.

3. macrolides 16-membered:

• takenga taiao - midecamycin, spiramycin me te dzhosamitsin;
• semisynthetic - tāpia midecamycin.

Tenei whakarōpū whakaata anake te hanganga o te piha haapiiraa o taero āhuatanga. Ko te rārangi o ngā ingoa hokohoko homai i raro.

rārangi o raau taero

Macrolides - raau taero i te mea tino whānui te rārangi. I roto i te katoa, ka rite ki o 2015 i reira e 12 raau taero i roto i tenei piha. He maha o ngā hua kei roto i enei kai kaha, he nui teitei. He tokomaha o ratou e taea te kitea i roto i te kupenga rongoā me tango ki te hamani i te maha o mate. Na etahi raau taero e wātea ana i roto i nga Kihi, rite reira te kore rēhita i roto i te Pharmacopoeia. Tauira o ngā ingoa hokohoko formulations kei roto macrolides, te whai ake:

• maha erythromycin whakaputaina i roto i te formulations o te taua ingoa, me te e whakaurua i roto i te tarukino matatini "Zener" me "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - waihanga tarukino "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" me "Klarikar", "Klerimed" me "Klatsid", "Kleron" me "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" me "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" me "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" me "Arvitsin" "Kispar" me "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" me "Klaritsin", "Klasine" me "coaters", "Klerimed" me "Romiklar", "Seydon" me "CP Clara."
• Kei te maha kitea Roxithromycin i te puka o te ingoa hokohoko kano, me te wāhanga o te raau taero e whai ake nei: "Ksitrotsin" me "Romik," "Elroks" me "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" me "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" me "Azitral", "Azitroks" me "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" me "Z-Factor", "Zitnob" me "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" me "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "me" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "me" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "me" Ecomed "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin wātea rite te tarukino "Macropen".
• He wātea rite "Rovamycinum" me "spiramycin Vero" Spiramycin.
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin me telithromycin me kore dzhosamitsin whakaputaina i roto i te Kihi.

Ko te tikanga o te mahi o macrolides

Tenei rōpū pharmacological motuhake - macrolides - puai te pānga bacteriostatic i runga i te tukumate mate hopuhopu pūtau i haria. Anake i roto i te nohanga tiketike kia whakarato te pānga bactericidal, ahakoa whakamatauria i roto i ngā rangahau taiwhanga anake tenei. Ko te tikanga anake o te mahi o macrolides - tenei inhibition o te kōtuitanga pūmua o te pūtau kitakita. Tenei takahi nga tukanga katoa o ngā mahi faufaa o te rauropi huri, meinga ia kia mate i muri i te ia.

braking tikanga o te kōtuitanga pūmua e pā ana ki hono nga 50s-subunit o nga ribosomes kitakita. Ko ratou kawenga mō te hanga ake te mekameka polypeptide i roto i DNA kōtuitanga. Ko te kupu ohorere ariā o te pūmua hanganga me ngā āhuatanga virulence i roto i huakita. I roto i tenei take, ko reira te pū tiketike ki te ribosome kitakita ai te haumaru whanaunga o macrolides mo te tinana tangata.

Rite o macrolides me ētahi atu akomanga o paturopi

He rite i roto i ngā āhuatanga ki te tetracyclines, engari haumaru Macrolides. e kore ratou e ofati i te whanaketanga o te kōhiwi o te tamaiti. Ka rite ki ki fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides (rārangi o raau taero i homai i runga ake) ahei o ongó ki te pūtau, me te hua nohanga haumanu i toru compartments o te tinana. He nui i roto i te maimoatanga o te mycoplasma kakā, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis me tenei mate chlamydial. I roto i tenei take, macrolides - fluoroquinolones haumaru engari iti tōtika.

He macrolides katoa atu paitini atu nga penicillins, engari te haumaru i roto i ngā o te tūponotanga o te whakawhanake i mate pāwera. I roto i tenei take, paturopi rongoā paturopi he toa haumaru, engari pea ki te meinga mate pāwera. Ko te kupu, he hihinga o mahi antimicrobial rite, kia whakakapi macrolides aminopenicillins i mate o te pūnaha romahā. Ano, kua whakaaturia ngā taiwhanga e macrolides whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te rongoā paturopi i roto i te whakauru tahi, ahakoa tukua kawa maimoatanga nāianei ratou pahekotanga.

Macrolides i roto i te hapū, me te tiaki kōhungahunga

Macrolides he taero haumaru i runga i te par ki cephalosporins me penicillins. Tenei taea ratou te whakamahi i roto i te hapū, me te i roto i te maimoatanga o ngā tamariki. e kore e ratou whakakorikoria te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te wheua, me te wheua ngohe kōhiwi, whai āhuatanga teratogenic. Anake azithromycin kia iti i roto i te tono i roto i te toru o nga huatū o te hapūtanga. I roto i te therapy pediatric me penicillins me cephalosporins, me macrolides, whakarārangitia i roto i ngā tikanga maimoatanga paerewa mō mate, e taea te whakamahi i waho te mōrea o mate rauropi paitini.

He whakaahuatanga o te tahi mau macrolides

Macrolides (rārangi rongoā faahiti runga ake tatou) i roto i te mahi haumanu te whakamahia whānui, tae atu i roto i nga Kihi. Ko te tino whakamahia nuitia 4 o ratou māngai: clarithromycin me azithromycin, erythromycin me midecamycin. spiramycin nui iti whakamahia. Te kaha macrolides Ko e pā ana ki te taua, ahakoa kua tutuki te reira i roto i ara rerekē. I roto i ngā, clarithromycin, midecamycin, a ki te whakatutuki i te pānga haumanu me tangohia rua he ra, te mea whakahaere azithromycin 24 haora. kotahi anake whakahaere ia mo te maimoatanga o ngā mate hopuhopu.

Erythromycin - Ko te poto o macrolides katoa tenei. kia te reira 4-6 wā i te ra i tangohia. No te mea te tino maha whakamahia reira rite te puka rohe mo te maimoatanga o te hakihaki, me te kiri mate. Ko reira taa'eraa e he haumaru mō ngā tamariki te macrolides, engari ka taea e meinga korere.