Mikhail Tal - ao toa chess. biography

Te reira i tino ki āu te stereotype o poto: kanohi tahu, mahue noa i roto i te ahua, kukū tonu i runga i te mea faufaa, me te kore o te whakarongo ki nga mea o te ora iti. ka mau Mikhail Tal te torona o te ao he wa poto rawa, engari kei te whakaaro tonu te poto o whaikīngi, e hāngai ana te faahoho'araa o te tikanga teitei rite te kēmu i runga i te āhua o te riri, hangatanga, faaururaa, me te tāhuahua raupapa kōwhiringa. Ko te paetae matua o tona tangata e puritia e ia tae noa ki te mutunga o te mariu, me te whakaaro pai ki etahi atu, ahakoa nga mamae, me mate e haere tahi ia katoa tona ora poto.

Ehara i te katoa

tahi taketake ia mai whanau - ringa matau i-toed toru, e hoa hauti i huaina tohu o te take mai extraterrestrial Tal. ngā kaituhi atu mahi kite te take mo tenei Pākatokato ko e he whanaunga toto ana matua - whanaunga, i te mea wehe ki hara ira.

whanau Mikhail Tal i Whiringa 9, 1936 i roto i Riga, i roto i te hapu o taote. Ka rite ki muri ia ka mea: "I te tākaro ahau ki o nga mongamonga mangu te whakarau." i kino tona tere tuatahi: e ono nga marama i muri i hinga te whanautanga o te tamaiti mate kino ano he kiriuhi. He tākuta ngā mātua, i mohio iti rawa tupono o ora, engari i mohio ano hoki ratou e pā tenei mumura te roro i roto i ara ohorere, i ētahi wā toutou te whakanui ake i te tōtika o tona mahi ki te hua angitu o te mate. ora te tamaiti.

tamarikitanga poto

Hoki rima tau i taea e tini ia tau e toru-mati i roto i tona ngakau, a ka kite i mai te tau o toru. tū te whawhai whānau Talay i te hōneatanga, i roto i te rohe Perm. ka mau te kura te tamaiti tonu ki te toru o nga kōeke, a i roto i University Riga, i whakaurua te Faculty o te Mikhail Tal, hei okotahi, ki te 15 tau.

i phenomenal mahara tal. Ko te tamaiti mooni anō i ngā kōrero o te pukapuka, e, rite whakaaro reira ki etahi, i titiro ia mo te meneti tere. Ko ngā mōhiohio, i titiro ia ki rite ngā faufaa, noho i roto i tona mahara ake.

I roto i tenei take, e kore Michael i whakaaro ia he prodigy tamaiti. e kore e rerekē i te ngākau nuitanga o hoa ana ngā pānga mau fetia - aroha ia ki te tākaro whutupaoro me te pau te rota o te wā rere te pōro, ahakoa te māuiuitanga wawe tūpono i roto i te mahi o nga whatukuhu. Otiia āta tona ora inaianei kua he tikanga - chess.

timata o te ara

I te 6 tau, Mikhail Tal, tona biography te inaianei ake e pā ana ki tenei kēmu tawhito, te wa tuatahi i kite ahau i te poari ki te tau. ¶ Na ka ko te tamaiti i mahi ki tona papa, a, i tatari i roto i te ruma tatari o te tari o tona tākuta. whakamana Tūroro he kēmu o whaikīngi, tatari hoki fariiraa. whakakitea te papa ia pehea ki te haere ahua, ka mohio ki te ture taketake. I te tuatahi, ka mau te tamaiti te kēmu ngāwari. Oaoa, e ka taa ê toa whaikīngi heke mai, kohuatia i roto i te reira, ka i tau 9 riro ia i te whanaunga toro '' o hoa. "

Ki te 10 nga tau ka timata ia ki te haere i te karapu whaikīngi i te Riga Palace o Young Pioneers. I tau 12, riro ia te kāwai 2, 14 - te tuatahi i roto i 17 tau, ka e ia he rangatira. kaiako chess Tuatahi Tal - Janis Kruzkops - ko ia he tautoko o te huinga, tākaro mātātoa. I roto i te take o Michael superimposed te i runga i te kaha tino me ngākau te ngiha. e kore kua Tal chess i wehi o continuations meá, te fifi i te tūranga. Rongonui "hē" patunga o te Tal - hoki te nuinga mai i ona "paionia" o te tamarikitanga.

kaiako tuhinga

Interest i roto i te ako o te tuhinga me te hītori, āhua ahu ki Michael i raro i te mana o te whaea - Ida Grigorevny, i roto i tona tamarikitanga i i te mōhio ki Ehrenburg, Picasso me ētahi atu humanities. Ko te kaupapa o te tuhinga whakapae, i muri i nei tukua te tiaki o te University i kaiako taitama Mikhail Tal ko "Satire me katakata i roto i mahi o Ili Ilfa me Evgeniya Petrova." Oia mau, te katakata ngingila tūturu Tal, whakanuia e te katoa - a mo te wa roa e te iwi nei i mohio ki a ia, a papaki ana hoa - i te pūtake tangi.

I muri i tu'ite mahi ia mo etahi wa i roto i te kura, engari i te wa ka te mahi matua chess. tino i āwhina whakangungu Philological Tal i ana akoranga i roto i te rīpoata, i ngā, i reira ētita ia te hautaka i i whakaputaina i roto i Riga, "Chess", tino tsenivshiysya ao.

Sally

I roto i tona kēmu e rapu tonu mo te ōhakitia o te mana o te tipua, ope rewera - kanapa rawa, faahiahia, ki tonu i te mōrea, whakaaro whanui me te kāhua ohorere o te matauranga pūmanawa ko Mihaila Talya. i rapu mole mo te whakamārama o te rahunga i roto i nga rangatira titiro hypnotic i roto i tona aravihi extrasensory. Ko te hunga e matau ana pai Mikaera, enei ngana ki te kawe i te ataata - i te reira i roto i te tahi atu.

Just Tal chess ko te hua o tona huru whānui ki te ora. Ko te hiahia ki te angitu rite wawe tonu, kia mohio te sensation tonu, taikaha i roto i te hiahia me te tikanga mo te tahi o ratou iteraa i te taha o tona ora.

A, no te reira i te faaineineraa mo te whawhai tino nui ki a Botvinnik, ki te whakatau i te whakarau o te taitara toa ao, pau ia te mahi katoa o hopu te ataahua o Riga Sulamif Landau ngakau. Kua tutuki ngā whāinga e rua: ka waiho Sally tana wahine, a ka ia - te toa ao.

Way ki Olympus

pikitanga Rapid ki te whaikīngi runga Tal, me te te whiwhinga ohorere o ratou tamahanahana ki to ratou taitara ex-ao - te whārangi rongonui i roto i te ao hītori o chess. I roto i te 1957, ka he taitamariki Rigan te toa USSR i whaikīngi, te patu kaumatua Rawiri Bronstein ko Paora Keres - contenders mo te karauna ao. I roto i te heke mai, ko reira ano 5 wā riro te katoa-Union Chess Championship.

Ko te mahi i muri mai o te ara i runga i te whaikīngi Olympus ka whakataetae te ao. Aru i te wikitoria i roto i te contenders whakataetae ā-zonal i Portoroz, Slovenia (1958), me te i te 13 Chess Olympiad i Munich (1958). riro Tal te whakataetae ao chess i Zurich (1959), ka whakamatauria i roto i te taua tau te kaitono whakataetae i Yugoslavia, i ngā katoa o te reira whetu i roto i te hākinakina: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres me ma rima Robert Fisher.

Match ki Mihailom Botvinnikom mo te taitara ao i tū i Maehe 15 ki Mei 7, 1960 ka mutu wikitoria wawe mō te Tal-tau 24-tau, e riro 6 kēmu, te foi 2 ka tae te hawhe tuatahi 12 ngā.

Ko te toa whakaotinga ao

Young, me te whai mana, atamai, me te maramarama, e i kāhua maia me te hihiri ta'ehanotatau o te tākaro ka Tal te whakapakoko o te pā whaikīngi katoa i runga i te ao. A, no te tangohia e rangatira ngaio he ohorere i te ahua ohorere o te "whakahihi" ka whiwhi ratou ki te mohio ki te toa hou, ongo'i aroha kua riro whaikörero, me te ao hoki ia. Ahakoa te pai-mohiotia i roto i grandmasters me chess tūmatanui, me te sociopath misanthropic Bobby Fischer anake ki Tal, tākaro te pakanga ngāwari noho i te ra katoa.

I roto i te Riga, tutaki Tal he mano nui i te teihana i runga i whanau ona ringa te motokā ki te toa taitama. Ia hihiko tutaki ki pā chess o reanga katoa i roto i Riga me puta noa te Union. I maoro te Soviet Union i reira he torutoru o te hunga e pai kia tauhou ki te ingoa Tal. roaa Michael Nehemevich te faatura o te meka kihai i e huri i te wahi o te noho, ara i roto i nga wa uaua, e kore e whakaaetia ia groundlessly haavahavaha nei i te whenua te wahi i whanau ai ia, engari te itoito o ana tauākī noa atu meinga he moni tonu i roto ia ia i runga i te wahi o pokapū kāwanatanga - te wa taua reira ko reira whāiti ki te waiho.

ora i muri

I roto i te akoranga o te faaineineraa mo te rematch ki Botvinnik i te puna o 1961 ka whakaurua te ähua raruraru tākihi Tal. Ia i whakahere ki te ui mo te tāke o te kēmu, engari ko te reira i roto i o te faatura hoki whakaae tona hoariri ki nga tikanga katoa o Botvinnik. Ka rite ki te hua, e kore i rite hoki he whawhai hou mo te taitara Tal, a ngaro.

I muri, e ia tae mai tamau ki te whawhai mo te karauna chess ao, engari ki te kahore he pai. uru ia i roto i te kapa Anatoly Karpov i roto i tona faaineineraa mo te tukinga ki a Korchnoi ko Fisher, hanga i te takoha nui ki te whiwhinga o ratou taitara aito.

Ahakoa te raruraru hauora hë, e kore ia i hiahia ki te whakaiti i te tere o te ora. I muri i te whanautanga o tana tama, tana whakarere i Sally, te faaipoiporaa tuarua, me te tuatoru, whanau o te tamahine, noho ia te tangata aroha hoki katoa tutaki ia i roto i te ora, te whanonga ki nga wahine mātanga, me te ohie. kihai ia i hiahia ki te ngaro i te mau arearea ohie, me te taiao - monamona, engari paowa kai kino, waipiro pai, he rota ... I te tahi taime, Heoi, ko e tika ana ki te hiahia ki te tinei, i roto i te mamae tonu tenei. Hei atawhai mamae, ka i ki huihui ki taero kaha.

haere tūturu

I roto i te 1988 toa Tal World Chess Championship ki ture poroa ka meinga te toa tuatahi o te Ao Blitz. I roto i tona haurongo toi i roto i 1970-80 i reira nga wā ka hinga kore i roto i ngā whakataetae ngā o 90 kēmu i roto i te rarangi, i te mea he paetae faahiahia mo tetahi rangatira.

Ko te rōpū e pā ana whakamutunga i roto i te whakataetae chess Classic riro Tal rawa, tupu May 5, 1992 i roto i Barcelona, ko tona hoariri Vladimir Akopian. Taimi nounou ki mu'a tona matenga, ia mooni rere atu i te hōhipera, ki te whai wāhi i roto i te Moscow Blitz Championship, te wahi riro ia te reira toa ao Garry Kasparov. Ko tona whakataetae chess whakamutunga. mate ia Hōngongoi 28, 1992.

tino haere Mihail Nehemevich Tal iho i roto i te aamu e kore anake te kaitākaro chess ngingila, tetahi o nga romantics whakamutunga o tenei kēmu tawhito, engari ano i roto i to ratou mau huru whaiaro, e pupuri i te mahara pai te rota o te iwi i roto i to tatou whenua, me te ki waho.