Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib Lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD o te USSR: he haurongo

I roto i 1952, i te moheni rongonui American "Life" whakaputaina he raupapa o ngā tuhinga, i meinga nei e te sensation tūturu. I roto i a ratou i te kaituhi, i te mua tirohia, Soviet, ki a na te defector wa, rere ki te Te Hau-ā-uru - Ikoa Konstantinovich Berg - whakakitea taunakitanga e pā ana ki te hara o te tikanga o Stalin, i mohio ia, mea ratou, i te roto, a ka i he kaunga fakahangatonu. Ko wai te mea tenei tangata, me i meinga ki a ia waiho tona whenua?

Rangatahi Future Scout

Tona ingoa tūturu - Life Lazarevic Feldbin. I whanau ia August 21, 1895 ki te whānau Hurai e noho ana i roto i te pa o Bobruisk, Minsk kawanatanga. e kua ora te reira i, e kore ia i mahue tona ora i roto i taua tawhiti i te arepurepu tāone o pa, engari i roto i 1916, i te waenganui o te Pakanga II o te Ao, i riro te hamene, a ka takoha ki te hoatu ki runga ki kōti waho o te hoia. Heoi e kore awarua promorzshie ārahi tūranga i tatari mo te taitama Leyba Feldbina e kua mahi i roto i te muri noa te timatanga o te revolution tanguru.

arahina painga i roto i te wanawana i o nekehanga tōrangapū e kahakina Russia i muri i te hinga o te autocracy, ia i roto i Hui-tanguru 1917 piri te Pāti Communist o te United Internationalists, ko tetahi o nga mea o reira nga Democrats Social. Otiia i roto i nga rarangi o te whakahaere kihai i noho roa - ki te hei i roto i te rarangi o te Army Whero i roto i te Pakanga Civil, ka ia he mema o te ora o te RCP (b).

Leo Lazarevic - te kaimahi o te Tari Motuhake

Ka mohiotia mai tamarikitanga te kawa o te rawakore me te whakaitinga motu, hangaia e te ture o te kōtea o Whakataunga mo nga Hurai pai-mohiotia, i whakapono ia ki tona ngakau katoa i roto i aua fâ tiketike i karangatia nga mua te whāinga o ana mahi tōrangapū. rua tekau-rima anake nga tau i reira Leib, a ia me te whakahaputia katoa o te taitamariki te omanga ki te whawhai ki te hunga e, rite ki ana whakapakoko wä, tīmatanga haukotia o te oaoa ao.

I te 1920 ka e ia he kaimahi o te Wāhanga Motuhake 12 te ope a ka mau wahi i roto i te kite, me te whakakorenga o ngā rōpū counter-hou i roto i Ukraine. Hoki whakaatu tenei whawhai faahiahia me huru maitatai whakahaere Leyba te tau e whai ake nei i whakaritea rangatira o kōwae whakaaro motuhake. I te wa ano taui te reira i te ingoa, na e i roto i te heke mai tuhinga katoa kua whakarārangitia rite LEV Lazarevich Nikolsky.

mahi atamira me te ako i roto i Moscow

I roto i te 1921, tataki te rōpū Lva Lazarevicha i Arkhangelsk, ki te ārahi i te Secret Mahi Division. Here, i muri i te wā poto, i whakaritea e ia upoko o te tari tūhuratanga o kaihoko, me te mana e tātari te rangatira White Guard nei i homai te whai wāhi ki te waiho Russia.

I roto i te taua tau, Nicholas rite te kaimahi tūmanako me te mema o te RCP (B) e tango te aronga ki te ako i roto i Moscow, te wahi noho ia i te wha tau i muri mai ka rite ki te ākonga i te kura o ture, hanga i runga i te pūtake o te University Moscow. tenei wa katoa te mau haapiiraa i roto i te akomanga, fakatahai ia ki te mahi mahi i roto i te uruhi ture, a ki runga ki te otinga o te ako kiia kaimahi GPU whakahaere ōhanga, ahu e tona whanaunga Zinoviy Katznelson.

Ratonga roto i te maramarama ke

timata Career matataua Lva Lazarevicha i 1926, me whakauru i roto i te āhua o te tari ke o te OGPU. takoha pū o te mahi i mua nei ia ki te haere tonu ora i raro i te ingoa riro. Mai inaianei i runga, e tu ana reira tuhinga: Orlov Aleksandr Mikhailovich. i mua te ingoa tuatahi me te whakamutunga anake i roto i te ngaro ngā kōpaki HR.

He whakangungua a maitai whai rave rahi reo ke, mahi reira ngā mahi i roto i te whenua maha o Europa me Amerika. I roto i ngā, arahina reira mahi tika nga Eagles ki Kimom Filbi - he āpiha matua o te maramarama o Ingarangi tīkina e ngā pokapū maramarama Soviet. I hanga Nā Orlov whatunga katoa o āpiha a tawhio noa ia ia, e mahi ana i runga i te Soviet Union. ko te "rōpū Cambridge" rongonui, i tomo te aamu o te ao nei o te maramarama tenei.

koura Spanish

I te 1936 ngā wehenga te Civil War Spanish, i tonoa a Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich reira ki te āwhina i te kāwanatanga Republican rite te mātanga i roto i te haumarutanga ā-me te counterintelligence. Here, me i ineine tīrama tona whai wāhitanga, ka kawea i roto i te mahi mo te whakawhitinga o te Soviet Union, he wahi nui o te rahui koura o Spain, rite ki te hua o nei tahuri atu ki te kia 510 toni o te whakarewa utu nui, pūkete hoki tata 73% o te katoa e nohoia Spanish State Bank i safes Moscow. Mahi rite ia a he tokomaha atu mahi i hoatu e ia NKVD.

whakatau uaua

I roto i te 1936, homai Stalin whanaketanga ki te tukanga e arahina ki tetahi o nga wā pouri o te hītori Soviet me te mohiotia rite te wehi nui. i roto i aua tau, ka tupu te whenua te poipoi o repressions papatipu i tukua e te nuinga i roto i kore ara te iwi harakore. ka pa ano hoki ratou i runga i te kaiārahi tōrangapū, me te hōia. i nekehia atu maha kaiwhakatū me hōia o te Cheka i ratou pou, a muri hopukina, ka mahi i runga i utu āhua tukugakovi-ake. I roto ia ratou tokomaha, i timata tona mahi Orlov i.

i pai te mōhio e maoro, e tatari ai mo te kotahi tonu Alexander. Whakaū whakawhirinaki i roto i tenei me te maha arotake i roto i Moscow o diplomats mahi ki waho. riro ratou i te tikanga ki te haere mai i runga i mahi, a i mauheretia tahi me ratou hapu tika i te rōnaki o te rererangi. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1938, Orlov hopea whakatauria ki te wahi i ki te kāwanatanga, te tikanga o i whakaaro ia taihara me te tū te ati tahuti ki a ia, me tona hapu.

rere takoha

I tenei wa, i raro i tūkunga rawa ngaro mate ia ohorere tonu pai Orlov, upoko o te tari ke o te NKVD, Aperama Slutsky, ka whakaritea tona wahi ko S. M. Shpigelglas. I whakaakona tanguru 17 Alexander ki te whakatau ki a ia i runga i te poari tae te Soviet "Svir" kaipuke i Antwerp. Heoi, i take katoa ki te whakapono e, ake nga kaupae, ka e mau ia ia.

I te hui ki tona rangatira hou, kihai i puta ia. Engari, tango tana wahine, me te tamahine, me te haere ki mano tara e ono tekau i te Fund Corporate, haere Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich puku ki France, a ka oho i roto i Canada ki te United States. I roto i te Soviet Union tonu i ia whanaunga. Hei tiaki ia ratou i utu ka taea mo tona mawhiti, ka tonoa Eagles he pukapuka ki te NKVD. I roto i te reira, fakatokanga ia e ki te pāngia te tangata tata ki a ia, ka hoatu e ia nga ratonga ke o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tutei Soviet mahi i roto i nga whenua rerekē.

whakautu te mana '

Tenei riri whakahaere Orlov ki mau anake ratou whare, e kore tino i pa ki roto i te tikanga ki te karo kore o te fafau mai, engari kua tukua e maha kau taki maramarama i tona mawhiti. I roto ia ratou a Hakopa Serebryansky, tei tavini ei rangatira o te ope motuhake mahi me tataki te mahi o ono noho i roto i te maha ngā āhua uru. I hopukina e ia me tana wahine, me te whakatau kōti whiua ki te mate. e kore hoki take mārama i homai te whakawa i roto i te mahi, a ko ano i te tokorua i te haere noa, engari he mea uaua ki te whakaaro i whakamanawanui ratou.

whakaputaina Materials Orlov

Noho i roto i Amerika i raro i te ingoa o Ikoa Konstantinovich Berg, whakaputaina Orlov i te buka aamu "Life" raupapa o ngā tuhinga, i kua kua oti whakahuatia i runga ake. I roto i a ratou, whakaahuatia e ia i roto i taipitopito nga hara o te tikanga hapori, he kaiwhakaatu me te apiti takoha i ko reira i roto i te wā o te mahi i roto i te NKVD. I homai he wahi nui i roto i tenei whakaputanga me te tūranga o Stalin i te mau hape, puta ake i roto i te Soviet Union.

I muri mai ngā enei rauemi i roto i te pukapuka whakaputaina i roto i te New York i te 1953, ka whakawhitia ki ngā reo maha. Roto ki reira i whakamahia e maha kairangahau i mua i tona whakaputanga i roto i Russia i 1991. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga Heoi, i whakaputaina tetahi pukapuka Orlov, hangaia hoki rawa etahi porohita o kaipānui - i roto i i ngā e ia tona wheako o te pakanga te pakanga me ngā rōpū ratonga counter-maramarama.

fakaafe kawea

I roto i Amerika, take ki wehi te utu o nga mana Moscow ki te whānuitanga nui atu te tahi atu papahoro Soviet a Orlov, no te mea ko ia mōhio o tokomaha o nga mea ngaro o ratou ratonga ngaro. Ora hoki nga tau i raro i te ingoa riro, a āta huna tona wāhitau, noho uaua ki te NKVD me muri mai te KGB te tutei o mua.

Anake i roto i te waenganui-Heoi, ki te kaihoko Soviet Mikhail Feaktistovu taea whakapumautia ana hea. Heoi, kua puta ke nga wa, me te mōhiohio e wātea ana ki a Orlov, kua ngaro tona hāngaitanga, na he kore tino whakawehi kua tona ora. Na ka tae mai Feaktistov Orlov te tokorua, a hoatu fakaafe te Kawanatanga o Soviet ki te hoki te kāinga. E whai ratou herekore, ko ano hoki Alexander Ivanovich he hoki ki te paetukutuku hōia ki te rauemi tohu reira katoa.

kihai Orlov. i kē ratou i raro i whitu tekau, anō-tīmatanga ora i roto i te whenua i nei kua riro ratou tangata ke i runga i te tau, e kore e te paari e hiahia ana ki te. anake ka ui Alexander ki te hoatu i te feia faatere o nāianei o te whenua e, ahakoa maha Faka'eke'eke, te FBI i kore te tiki ia ia tetahi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whatunga nga āpiha ', hanga ki tona whai wāhitanga. ka mea a Orlov e kore i taea e noa tuku te hunga e whakawhirinaki ia kakato, ka mahi te taua whakaaro, ki nei i kotahi haafaahiahia ia.

I muri i tona matenga i runga i Maehe 25, 1977, i roto i te ngaro o te kainga, i whakahau te kaiwhakawa e hānga ana ki te hiritia me ki pūranga tuhinga katoa o te mate, tae atu te tuhinga o nga pukapuka. I puritia ratou ki reira tae noa ki 1999, me muri anake e taea te hanga tūmatanui.