Pakanga II o te Ao - he reira ... E hia pakanga kāinga i roto i te hītori o Russia

A, no te, i roto i te whawhai e whakatika te iwi katoa ki te tiaki i te kāinga, ahakoa o te piha haapiiraa, me te taonga, ka huaina a reira ko te kāinga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, Pakanga o te Ao - he reira, ina e whawhai te iwi mo to ratou whenua, mo tona rangatiratanga, me te whakaoranga i te whakaeke kei raro te faaheporaa e kore, engari ki runga ki te pūtake o ratou whakapono, me te mau parau tumu morare.

Kia pehea te maha pakanga i roto i Russia e whakaaro motu

Te motu Russian i huaina tuatahi te whawhai ki a Napoleon. tikanga e pā ana ka mana motu e rua pakanga:

1. War Patriotic o 1812.
2. Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui.

A i roto i te 1812, a i roto i 1945 patua te iwi o Russia te hoariri, awhina te rangatiratanga o to ratou ahua. whakatūtū hōia Russian i roto i Paris i te 1814. ko te whakamanamana rite i roto i Berlin i te 1945. te utu tenei wikitoria te whenua me ona iwi o te mānukanuka nui.

Haunga te meka i tangohia e enei whawhai te nui nui o te moni me te rauemi rauemi, ko te mate nui rawa te mate o nga mano (1812-1814) me te miriona (1941-1945) te iwi. Ahakoa tenei, kua awhina Russia tona tufaa, me rite ki te hua o enei whakaora ko te kaha nui mana ao.

whakaeke o Napoleon i runga i ngā hōia Russian

whawhai a Russia ki France i muri i 1810 i roto i te maha ngā huarahi mooni take ka hāpaitia e, ko te pūtake ōkawa mo tona timatanga ko te takahi o te Tiriti o Tilsit. timata te reira i August 12, 1812, ka ka mau ropu o Napoleon te pa Russian o Kovno. ka haere mai te tukinga tuatahi he ra. Ko te tokomaha o te ope atu 240,000 iwi.

E kore kua te hōia Russian i tangohia e ohorere i te whawhai, kia rite ki e rua mahere ino, me te ārai mō te whawhai ki ngā hōia a Napoleon i whakaaro mai 1810. Ko te whawhai tuatahi hoki hōia o te 1 st me 2 nd Ope i te Napoleon atu. Army Tuatahi arahina e Barclay de Tolly, me te tuarua - Bagration. Ko te katoa maha o hoia o te ope 153,000, i patu ki 758 pū.

pakanga pakanga hei wāhanga o te motu

Ko tētahi puka o te ātete ki ope hōia a Napoleon ko te kaupapa pakanga. Na roto i te whakatau o te ope Russian whakapumautia i wae pūkoro, e pai nei mahi i roto i muri i te hoariri. Otiia i runga i to ratou ake, kahore te tautoko o te taupori, e kia taea ki te kawe i roto i o ratou mahi ratou. Tautoko o te iwi i whakamatauria e ātete ki Napoleon - he tino War II o te Ao. Kua kï tenei me te nuu faehau - te peasants e whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai, me te hunga e ngā te ope Russian me nga guerrillas ki te kai, me te kai.

Ko te peasants i roto i nga ara sabotaged nga whakahau, me tono i te French. kihai ratou ki te tuku ia ratou ki te kai - tahuna ratou rahui katoa, na kahore e whiwhi ratou i tetahi hoariri. Ahakoa tahuna to ratou mau fare, a ka haere ki roto ki te ngahere, a piri nga nö. Heroes o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i 1812, ka mau wahi i roto i te kaupapa kōaro:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis Vasilevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

Poto e pā ana ki te Pakanga o 1812

riro te wā tuatahi i te ope French te tūranga Russian. A, no te te whakahau o te ope Russian ahu e Mikhail Kutuzov, te rautaki e whakaaetia ki te hinga i te hoariri i whakawhanakehia, kua. Ko te taui o Moscow i āwhina whakaora ope pai, me te ki te aukati i te mua o Napoleon hohonu ki Russia.

Famous Tarutino te parepare Kutuzov - wehenga atu mo Moscow i muri i te pakanga o Borodino ka mutu te puni ope i Tarutino - whakaaetia ki te tahuri te tai o te whawhai. ko Tarutino whawhai te mahi Russian nui tuatahi i kawea mai wikitoria undoubted. I roto i nga tau o te Pakanga II o te Ao i pā ana ki tekau whawhai nui-tauine e tākiekina tona akoranga:

• i Moleva repo;
• i raro i te whero;
• o Smolensk;
• Valutina i nga maunga;
• Borodino;
• i Tarutino;
• Maloyaroslavets.

mutu te pakanga ki ngā hōia a Napoleon i Mei 1814 i muri i te tuku o Paris, me te hainatanga o te tiriti te rongo. whakatūtū ope Russian i roto i Paris. Heoi, e kore te mea Pakanga II o te Ao i tenei, ko tetahi o nga wāhanga o te whakaoranga o Europe. He Pakanga o 1812 tau, puta he Faaiteraa o Alexander ahau, i oti i muri i te whawhai i runga i 14-16 Noema e tata ana te awa Berezina. War o 1812 - ko te faaiteraa o te toa rangatira hoia, me te rautaki whakaaro nui tenei, a ka whakamahi te iwi katoa, nga ope katoa whakakeke te hoariri.

War Great Patriotic

Germany, kahore whakaaro ki te Tiriti rangimarie hainatia i roto i te tau te 39raa, i Hune, i takahi i nga rohe rohe o te Soviet Union. Pipiri 22, te Pakanga Patriotic nui o 1941-1945. pohewatia mahere a Hitler blitzkrieg - uira ino me te ärai o te Soviet Union i roto i te marama torutoru. Taua tātai Hitler tono tīmata i te 39raa, i tukua ki a ia te hopu hawhe o Europe.

Heoi, i roto i nga whawhai ki nga Sovietí, kihai i utu i tenei rauhanga atu. I roto i nga tau wawe o te Pakanga II o te Ao (1941-1942) i taea ki te riro nui rohe te ope Tiamana, engari e kore e rite i te reira ki te mahere "Barbarossa". Tenei mahere ka karanga hoki te mutunga o ngā mahi hōia i te mutunga o 1941, ko Russia, i taua wa, i ki ngaro ake ake i te mahere tōrangapū o te ao.

whakakitea te iwi Soviet e te Pakanga nui Patriotic - he pono whawhai o te iwi. hōia itoito faito ore raruraru te ahunga whakamua i roto i te rawhiti o nga hoia Tiamana. I roto i te tahuri, pinea nga wae pakanga ki raro ope nui o te Wehrmacht, hanga reira uaua ki te tuku kai, me te matā. Kua whakaaetia ēnei āhuatanga te mōrahi pōturi iho te ino, kohikohi pūmanawa hōia, ka tahuri te tai o te whawhai.

Ko te putanga o te iwi Soviet i roto i te itoito whawhai

whakakitea te nui Patriotic War te mau huru pai i roto i te iwi Soviet. Hihiko mō te mamaetanga-mo te whakaaro ki o ratou whenua, me te itoito - e kore e te okotahi ko te täkupu enei huru maitatai. Heroes o te Pakanga II o te Ao - i reira he mirioni o te iwi. i whakawhiwhia Neke 11 mano iwi te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union. I roto i te wā o 1941-1945. I mahi te reira i āhua 38 miriona whakahau me mētara. I whakawhiwhia te wahi nui murimatetia.

He maha ngā pukapuka whakaahua nga mahi o te Pakanga II o te Ao, kiriata he rota o kiriata, e whakaatu mahi o itoito o hoia Soviet me nö. Ko tētahi o nga tauira kānapanapa o te itoito e:

• Feat Matrosov. hipoki tona tinana i te piringa hoariri, a tukua tona wae ki te mahi i te misioni whawhai.
• Feat Gastello. peke Frantsevich Nicholas i te waka rererangi mura, ka tonoa ia ki te matotoru o te hoia hoariri, me te taputapu.
• Feat Katherine Zelenko. I roto i te whawhai, ina tona manureva mahue kahore wahie, ka haere ia ki te hipi toa, me te patua e te toa hoariri.

Fakahokohoko o mua

Mai te timatanga o whawhai whawhai hōia Soviet te whawhai ārai, ka i takoha ki te hoki whakamuri. I te mutunga o 1942 - whakahaere timatanga o 1943 ki te tango i te kaupapa i roto i te whawhai i runga i. i tahuri Stalingrad me Kursk whawhai. Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui o 1941-1945. mahara ahau taua mau ohipa i roto i te Soviet Union:

• Pipiri 22, 1941 - te whakaekenga tinihanga o ngā hōia Tiamana.
• Mai i Pipiri ki Mahuru 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, i riro Kiev.
• Mai i Hōngongoi 10 ki Mahuru 10, 1941 roa Battle o Smolensk.
• Mahuru 1941-27 Kohitātea o 1944 pā tonu o Leningrad.
• Mahuru 1941-Paengawhāwhā 1942. - i atu hōia Tiamana i runga i nga waho o Moscow.
• Mai waenganui-Hōngongoi 1942 ki tanguru 1943 roa te whawhai mō te Stalingrad (Stalingrad).
• Hōngongoi 1942-nuku 1943. - Battle mō te Caucasus.
• I roto i te Hōngongoi-August 1943, he whawhai tank nui (Battle o Kursk).
• Mai August ki Oketopa 1943 roa reira Smolensk mahi whakahāwea.
• Whakamutunga o Mahuru 1943 - te whakawhitinga o te Dnieper.
• I roto i te Whiringa 1943, tukua ana e ia Kiev.
• Maehe 1, 1944 tino ki ara te pā o Leningrad.
• I roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 1944 tukua e ia te Crimea.
• I roto i te Hōngongoi 1944, fakatau'atāina'i Minsk te.
• I roto i te Mahuru me Whiringa 1944 tukua nga lepupilika Paratiki.

Whakaora i rohe me te wikitoria

Na roto i te mutunga o 1944, te Soviet Union, toe fakafoki mai te rohe i ki nga rohe rite i ratou i te aroaro o te whakaekenga Tiamana. Na ka timata ngā mahi hōia i runga i te rohe o nga whenua Pākehā, riro e ngā hōia Tiamana. I muri i to ratou tuku, whakarewahia reira he ino i runga i te rohe o Germany mai 1945. Te wikitoria whakamutunga i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic haere mai i muri i hainatia te Mei 8 whakahau Tiamana te mea o te tukunga.

II 'a Māmaní, i whakakitea te itoito me te itoito o te iwi Soviet kua hoatu, he maha haapiiraa morare. Victory i roto i tenei pakanga whakaaetia te Soviet Union kore anake ki te tiaki i te rangatiratanga, engari ano hoki ki te riro i te kaitākaro ārahi i runga i te scene ka hāpaitia e te ao.