Tātari X-ray - te ako o te hanganga o ngā matū

tātari X-ray ko te tikanga o te rangahau o ngā rauemi hanga hanganga. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te ttara o te X-ray kurupae i runga i te tioata ripekapeka toru-ahu motuhake. I roto i te ako mā te whakamahi i te roa poipoi i te mea āhua 1A e hāngai ana ki te rahi o te ngota. Me mea e ahau e te tātari X-ray ki ngā tikanga iramoe me te irahiko ttara pā ana ki te faaotiraa o te hanganga o te taonga.

E tauturu te reira ki te tirotiro i te hanganga ngota, te rōpū wāhi o te pūtau wae, tona rahi me te āhua, me te he rōpū o te karaihe hangarite. Mā te tenei tikanga ako ngā konganuku me ratou alloys, pūhui waro, me te pararopi, kohuke, rauemi amorphous, wai me hau. I roto i ētahi wā, he tātaritanga hanganga X-hihi o pūmua, waikawa karihi, me te tahi atu matū.

E āwhina ana tēnei tātari whakapumautia te hanganga ngota o rauemi tioata e whai he hanganga pai-tautuhi me ko te taiao ttara kupenga mo te x-hihi. Me kï reira e titau i te tūhuratanga o te tahi atu tātaritanga matū ray tioata, i te mea he faufaa engari wero nui.

Ko te ttara o te X-hihi kitea e Laue, te pūtake ariā o Wolf me whakawhanakehia Bragg. Te whakamahi tauira kitea i roto i te tūranga o te tātari tapaea e Debye me Scherrer. Me mea e ahau e i reira te tātari X-ray ko tetahi o nga tikanga tino noa mō te whakatau i te hanganga o matū, no te mea he reira ohie ki te mahi me te kore e rapua e fakamolé nui.

āhei te reira ki a koutou te tūhura akomanga rerekē o matū, me te uara o te mōhiohio whiwhi hanga te whakataki o tikanga hou. Ko te kupu, te tuatahi tīmata ki ako i te hanganga o te taonga , ka whakamahi i te pere interatomic i muri tikanga tika mō te whakatau i whakawhanakehia te hanganga tioata. Me kï reira e ko te matū tuatahi e i ako te whakamahi i X-hihi te konutai me te pāhare pāporo te pūhau.

Ko te ako o te mokowā hanganga o pūmua timata i te 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te Basileia United. Ko te raraunga whiwhi e hoatu ara o koiora rāpoi, i whakaaetia ki te tāutu i ngā āhuatanga physico-matū nui o pūmua, me te DNA ki te waihanga i te tauira tuatahi.

Ki te-doma 50 kaha timata ki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whakaminenga rorohiko o ngā mōhiohio kua e kua whiwhi i te X-ray tātari hanganga.

Ki te rā, te whakamahi i synchrotrons. Ko ratou puna kanotahi o X-hihi e whakamahia mō te irradiation o te tioata. Ko te whai hua te nuinga enei whakaaro kei te whakamahi i te tikanga o maha-roangaru purara anomalous. E tano ia tapao e ratou te tono anake ki pokapū rangahau tūmatanui. I roto i te taiwhanga whakamahi technique iti kaha e te kaimahi anake ki te manatoko i te kounga o te tioata, a hoki ana ki te whiwhi i te tātaritanga makaka o matū.