Tauwehe Van't Hoff

rongoā Isotonic - he rōpū motuhake o rongoā, e kua āhuatanga e kaha osmotic. Ko reira o taua faufaa, e kua āhuatanga e wai i roto i te tinana, pēnei i: toto wē, roimata, waitinana, a na i runga i. enei wai katoa e pēhanga postoyannoem i te rohe o 7.4 atm. Ko te kupu, ki te patia ki te tinana ki te kia whakaurua, ka pakaru te kaha osmotic o te wai, rite ka pakaru rite toenga.

No te faaineine i te otinga taua, e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i te tahi mau tātai. E kore te mea noa te ara tino rongonui o te amo te van't Hoff tauwehe isotonic. Ki reira, ka taea e tetahi te tātai isotonic kukū otinga o te taonga diluted, kahore he nei te kawehiko. Te kaha osmotic, te nui o te otinga, me tona ti'aturiraa pāmahana kei roto i ngā e faaite Clapeyron whārite. Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te faatura ki waimeha rongoā, rite rite ki te ture o van't Hoff, te matū rewa i roto i te wai, ka tikanga i roto i te ara ano e rite ana te haurehu me te mea ki a ratou tono te ture hau pera-ka karanga katoa.

Van't Hoff take - he mea, kia rite ki te tawhā, e faaite i te whanonga o te mea i roto i tetahi otinga tenei. A paraparau o te ōrite tau o te take Van't Hoff rite ki te ōwehenga o te āhuatanga Collegiate uara tau e nohoia ana e te otinga ki te nonelectrolyte rawa taua, me te kukū taua, i te tahi atu tawhā katoa noho tonu.

Ko te tikanga tinana o te whakarea isotonic riro mārama i te whakamāramatanga o ia tawhā Collegiate. Ko ti'aturi i runga i te kukū o te taonga i roto i te otinga matūriki katoa o ratou. e kore e Nonelectrolytes whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe dissociation, Heoi, ka waiho ia rāpoi ngota kotahi o te taonga ia matūriki. Electrolytes, i roto i te tukanga o te solvation e rānei rawa wāhanga ranei te fatifati ki ngā katote, ko te kupu hanga e rave rahi matūriki. Huri i te reira i roto i taua āhuatanga colligative ka whakawhirinaki ki runga ki te maha o matūriki roto momo reira rerekē, i.e. katote. Ko te kupu, ka waiho whakarea isotonic he ranunga o rongoā rerekē o ia momo o korakora. Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te otinga o te hātea, e taea te kite i te reira e ngā reira o toru momo o matūriki: tīhiko o te konupūmā pēhau, me te pūhaumāota - ngota tīhiko. ka whakaatu whakarea Isotonic e te otinga kawehiko kua nui ake matūriki atu i roto i te wairewa kawehiko-kore. ka whakawhirinaki i runga i ranei te wahia te taonga ki katote whakarea - he mea ke atu i te taonga dissociation.

Mai kei te tino whai wāhi electrolytes kaha tukanga dissociation, he reira tika ki te titau e te take Van't Hoff i roto i tenei take, ko te rite ki te maha o ngā katote i roto i roto i te rāpoi ngota. Heoi, i roto i te hono mo'oní, he tonu iti iho i te uara, tatau te whakamahi i EQ te uara whakarea. te tūāpapa o tēnei tūranga i roto i 1923 e Debye me Hiickel. whakatakoto ratou te ariā o electrolytes kaha: e kore e nga katote hei mau fifi ki te neke, rite ka hanga te reira anga solvation. Ano, tonu ka whai wāhi ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi, ārahi hopea ki te hanganga o te rōpū taua ki kia whakangaueuetia i roto i tetahi aronga e te otinga. Ko te pera-ka karanga katote rōpū me te katote takirua tenei. ka tango tukanga katoa wahi i roto i te otinga kia rite te mea kei roto te reira i te torutoru matūriki.

Ngā pāhekoheko o ngā katote tīmata ki te pewa rite ka whakatika me te te pāmahana iti ratou kukū. Katoa e tika ana ki te meka i roto i taua take iti me te tūponotanga o te whakaminenga i te matūriki rerekē i roto i te otinga.