Te faaoti o ngā mōhiohio - ko tenei te tikanga?

Ko tētahi o nga ariā taketake i roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko - mōhiohio. Ki te rā, i reira he kahore whakamāramatanga kotahi o te ariā. Otiia mārama tāutuhia te āhuatanga matua o ngā mōhiohio - te tika, kakató, arotau, whai, objectivity me etahi atu. whakatau ratou te kounga o te mōhiohio me te tohu i te reira. te āhuatanga katoa kua whakarārangitia matou he pono tuakiri, me te whakawhirinaki i runga i nga whakaritenga o te tangata atu mōhiohio ranei.

He aha te mea Information

Whakarāpopototanga - ariā kaua waitara e kore nei e whai i te, whakamāramatanga whakaritea tangohia. mai te wā i te informatio Latin, ina whakamaoritia, ko roto Russian rite te mōhiohio haamaramaramaraa ranei.

Ko te wā "rorohiko" Ko te huinga o ngā uara e puta i roto i te horopaki. Ki te rā, e kore i aivanaa whakawhanakehia he whakamāramatanga kotahi mo te wā. Na, i tohu W. Schneider i e i reira e neke atu i te 400 whakamāramatanga o e mahi i roto i te mara ngā o te matauranga.

Ka taea te whāiti te ariā o te pūtaiao rorohiko i hoatu i te whakamāramatanga e whai ake nei - ngā mōhiohio raraunga ranei whakaratohia i roto i tetahi puka - waha, tuhituhia, hiko, te rohe; he plurality o raraunga tuhia i runga i te reo tinana; tiaki me te whakahörapatanga o raraunga.

Ko te ariā o te mōhiohio mahi i runga i te momo o te pūtaiao, pērā i ngā mōhiohio ariā, cybernetics, semiotics, ariā o kōrero papatipu, pūtaiao rorohiko, me te ohaoha. Ia o ratou whiriwhiri te reo e tino tika whakaahua ana te whakamahi o te mōhiohio i roto i tenei rohe o tohungatanga.

Next, whakaaro tatou nga momo e kore anake o ngā mōhiohio me ngā mahi i runga taua mea, engari ona āhuatanga kounga matua. ngā mōhiohio rawa Tino, ka kia kōrero te kakató. Tauira mo ia o nga āhuatanga ka kia tino māmā, me te mārama, ka āwhina i te reira ki te mahino te ngako o ia o ratou.

momo o te mōhiohio

Tei runga i te paearu, e taea te whakarōpūtia te mōhiohio rite ki te tukanga o te perception, mara putanga me te ahua o te whakaaturanga whakaaro.

Tei runga i te tirohanga mōhiohio aratau taratahi ataata, māna, tūturu, olfactory me te reka.

I roto i te rohe o te tupu - te timatanga, koiora, me te pāpori.

E ai ki te ahua o te whakaaturanga, me te whakatika - kuputuhi, tau, kauwhata, ororongo, motokā.

Ka rite ki te tikanga - he nui, motuhake, whaiaro, pāpori, tauanga.

e kore te mea he rārangi tino o whakarōpūtanga tenei, i roto i te meka nui atu ratou e. Kua hoatu e matou te hunga matua anake.

mahi i runga i te kōrero

Neke atu i te te mōhiohio, ahakoa o tona momo, he reira taea ki te mahi i ngā ngā mahi. A feruri i te mea matua:

1. Collection haaputuputuraa o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite i tona kakató, tika me te taenga moata ranei.
2. Tātari - Tātarihia ngā mōhiohio faufaa. Hei tauira, te tika me te faaoti o ngā mōhiohio - ko tetahi o ona āhuatanga taketake tenei. Ki te kore e te mōhiohio riro hāngai ki a ratou, e taea te whakaaro he tikanga i me mukua.
3. tiaki Raraunga - ki te ārai i te mate, whakarerekētanga, te whakamahi kāore o te raraunga.
4. Ko te huringa - huringa i roto i te ara o ngā raraunga. Hei tauira, māngai te kuputuhi kei te rite te tepu tūtohi ranei, kua whakatangihia.

ngā mōhiohio rawa taketake

Ka rite ki ki tetahi atu ahanoa, he ona ake āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga i te mōhiohio. Na, ko nga āhuatanga matua - ko te tika, pai, objectivity, wātea, tika, kakato o te mōhiohio. tohu ratou ki te kounga o te raraunga, te whānuitanga o ratou tautukunga ki nga hiahia o te rōpū ngā o te iwi.

Next tātari tatou ia o ratou i roto i te taipitopito ake ka hoatu tauira wātea, me te mahuki.

objectivity

Objectivity o ngā mōhiohio - motuhake raraunga o te whakaaro o te tangata mahara ranei, tikanga o te faaineineraa. Atu i te mea te reira whāinga, te pono ake.

Hei tauira, ngā mōhiohio whakairoiro, he nui atu whāinga atu i unu e te kaitoi tuhia te whakamahi i te whakapakoko. Ranei te whakamahine o te waho huarere. Na, ko te kōrero e mahana waho - he tuakiri, engari nga taipitopito o te mea whakaatu te ine pāmahana 24 degrees, he whāinga.

I pāngia te taonga e te meka ranei te raraunga haere i roto i te perception tuakiri o te tangata e kore e ranei, ahakoa he meka ranei whakapae i ratou.

e hua ana

Te faaoti o ngā mōhiohio - te mehua e tohu te whānuitanga o te pai o te raraunga mo te otinga o te raruraru. Ko te tino whanaunga ia, rite whanganga e pehea e taea te āwhina i tēnei kōrero i roto i te whakaoti i te raruraru ngā. Ki te ki te nui ngā mōhiohio kia te whakatau tika - ko reira oti. Ki te kore, ka kore e ona whakamahi kawea te pānga e hiahiatia ana.

Ko te oti atu te raraunga, te atu te tangata, ko te tikanga e wātea ana ki te whakaoti i te raruraru, i te wawe ka taea ki te whiriwhiri i te tika, me te whakaoti i tō raruraru ia. kia hoki ngā mōhiohio pahara arahi ki whakataunga he, whakatau.

A feruri i, kia kakato nui o te kōrero i roto i tetahi āhuatanga. kia tauira e whai ake. I runga i te TV whakaatu te matapae huarere, engari anake mea e ka kia +25 te pāmahana i waho i roto i te ahiahi. I roto i tenei take, e kore te taata auvaha i mea ranei paki ranei kapua, ahakoa ua. He hārakiraki taua mōhiohio. I tona pūtake ka taea e te pūtirotiro e kore whakatau ki te tango i te maru, me te pae hopea mau i roto i te ua.

Ko te tauira tuarua: i korerotia nga ākonga e ka waiho i te whakamātautau i runga i Rātū, engari kihai i te ingoa te kaupapa. Ko hoki taua raraunga kore nui ki te whakaoti i te raruraru.

Hoki te whakaaro o te faaoti o te mōhiohio e hiahia ana koe ki te kohikohi rite nui raraunga, me te tātari ratou, te tiki i roto i te mutunga te mōhiohio oti tino e taea te whakamahi mo te mahi.

tika

Ko te tika o te mōhiohio - tona taiva ore, meka teka.

hāngai ngā mōhiohio pono te i runga i meka, ngā mōhiohio whāinga. Kakato me te tika o te mōhiohio e kōtuitui o, mai kia kia hē mōhiohio pahara. Hei tauira, ka kore he pono etahi huna o ngā mōhiohio o te meka. Ko e tika ana ki te tika o te paearu tenei:

- ngaro o distortions, teka me raraunga oti.

- kupu intelligibility (tukanga whakatika).

Ko te take mo te unreliability o te mōhiohio e taea te tāutuhia rite te tino pinepine tūpono ki: he āta te distortion (tuatahi hē, distortion tika ki haruru), me whakaae - e apee, hapa i roto i te raraunga pupuri, huna taipitopito nui.

topicality

Ko te hāngaitanga o ngā kōrero - te whānuitanga ki te i te wa i homai ki te mōhiohio riro, i te wa i te mōhiohio whiwhi.

Hei tauira, tangohia te matapae huarere kotahi katoa. Apopo wiki i muri ranei ka waiho i te reira e hāngai ana hoki tatou no te mea e tauturu te reira ki te whiriwhiri i te kakahu tika, pea ki te whakarite ratou mahere. I te wa ano, i te matapae mō te inanahi ranei he wiki i mua he kotiti mo tatou, pera kore e reira e kore uara, no te mea riro tenei mōhiohio te mutunga, e kore i roto i te moni o te wā i tatou.

Engari kia tatou mahara e, i runga i nga take rānei, kotiti ki ngā mōhiohio o te tahi mau iwi kia hāngai hoki te tahi atu. Ko te kupu, ko te whakaaturanga o te hara i roto i etahi āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga huarere i te ra o te tahae kohuru ranei kia te kī.

Ko te kupu, nga āhuatanga o te mōhiohio - faaoti, hāngaitanga me te tika - faufaa i roto i whakaoti i te raruraru.

minamina ana

kia kawea Information te tahi mea hou ki te māramatanga o te āhua ahanoa ranei. Kei te whakapono te reira e raro i te tikanga i te reira mōhiohio e taea whai hua i te tangata ki te hoatu mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tahi mea hou anake.

I roto i te whānui, e kore pūkenga katoa manako tenei taonga ko te pau mo ngā mōhiohio. Kei te hoko te mōhiohio rawa minamina ana i roto i taua take, ki te te raraunga i runga i tetahi hou rangahau, ngā, ngā i roto i te ao. Hei tauira, nga hua o te mōhiohio pōtitanga he minamina ana, engari anake mo te wa poto.

whai take

aro mātaitia Taputapu uara o te mōhiohio ranei kei roto i te pā ana ki te hiahia o tenei ranei e o ona kiritaki, te mahi e taea te whakatika ki tona awhina. ngā mōhiohio whai hua - te tino tino.

Hei tauira, mō ngā iwi ki te mate pāwera raraunga tino i runga i te hanganga o te hua. Hoki te kaihokohoko tuaana ranei - te āhua o te ōhanga i te wa i homai. Te tika, arotau, kakato o te kōrero - ko te matua ki tona whai, he kī e nehenehe e tauturu i te reira e nehenehe e te tangata whakaoti i te raruraru i roto i te mua o ratou rite hohoro rite taea.

rawaka

Hāngaitanga - ōrite te ihirangi mōhiohio tūmanakohia ōrite te ahanoa whakaaturia tītohunga ranei. hängaitanga whänui - te ariā rite ki te objectivity o te mōhiohio me tona tika.

Ka rite ki te tauira, te pai o te kōrero. I runga i te pātai o te tae o nga rau, te tangata haepapa - matomato. Ki te te whakahoki he puru, pango, rau a tawhio noa, a na i runga i. E., e kore e taea te whakaaro tika te kōrero whiwhi. Ko te kupu, ko te pai o te kōrero - he reira tika, whakahoki pono ki tenei pātai.

wātea

Wātea - te kaha ki te farii i etahi mōhiohio, ki te hanga i taua mea i runga i te raupapa o ngā mahi, e ngā pānui reira, whakatika me te tārua ki reira te whakamahi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru, i te raraunga hou.

Tauira Basic o ngā mōhiohio e wātea ana i roto i te tini o tona ihirangi - monograph, akoranga, faaitehia i roto i te raraunga pukapuka, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao.

Ki etahi whānuitanga, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te wātea o tōrangapū, me te mōhiohio ōhanga mō te iwi whānui, engari ki te kōrero e pā ana ki reira ki te kore ko te tini tonu whaitake.

Ko tētahi atu tauira a Tūrongo o te wātea o ngā mōhiohio i taea e te pukapuka te tuhituhi i roto i te reo taketake o te tangata. Otiia ki te mea tāngia te reira i roto i te reo ke, tangata tauhou, na te wātea o te mōhiohio i roto i roto he kore e taea ki te korero.

ngā kitenga

Noa nei, kahore whakamāramatanga kotahi mo te mōhiohio wā. Ia rohe o te matauranga, whakawhanake nga kaiputaiao tona ariā mō tenei wā. Te tikanga e korero, te mōhiohio - ko tetahi tohu, matou he maha o ngā āhuatanga motuhake.

He mōhiohio oti - ko tetahi o ona āhuatanga taketake tenei. Āpiti atu ki te whakanui i hoki ia te hāngaitanga, tika, wātea, objectivity, taputapu. Ko tino tuakiri enei āhuatanga, i roto i ētahi wā, ara te noho.