Te karaka i runga i o te Kremlin Spassky Tower: te Kōrero me ngā whakaahua

karaka World-rongonui i runga i te Spasskaya Tower o te Russian Federation o te whakapaipai puta he wa roa i mua, kia rite ki kī e kōrero, i roto i te 1404. Heoi, kua oti ratou whakapumautia mo te wa tuatahi e kore i runga i te Kremlin taumaihi, a ko tata ki te Cathedral o te Faaiteraa, tika i roto i te marae kingi i te tino Vasily Dmitrievich. Ko te ingoa o te ariki nei i hanga a ratou, taia ake i roto i nga meatanga o aua tau: "he mahere o te chasnik - Prince ano, whakaturia-Serb te karaka moke Raharuhi."

hītori Kremlin Karaka

whakamaoritia te kupu "Chimes" ki te reo French te rite "nāianei". Chimes o tatou katoa i te tamarikitanga Kremlin rongonui, he whawhai e whakanui tatou i te Tau Hou, i te hītori faahiahia. Ko ratou te pourewa karaka, e, whakawhetai ki te huinga o pere faata'i emit tetahi he whawhai waiata puoro. Tenei pourewa karaka titiro te Square Whero me he kuwaha mua haere, e i nga wa katoa, ki te kahore pāhoro, whakaaro tapu.

Anake i roto i te 1658 ka Spassky pourewa tona ingoa, i mua i huaina ai Florovsky ko tetahi o nga pourewa 20 o te Kremlin, rite ona hanga i roto i te 1491 te toi Italian me kaihoahoa Antonio Solari. E ai ki ngā tuhinga o mua, te karaka i runga i te Spasskaya Tower kua tāuta i roto i te XVI rangatira rau wati e riro utu pai tau, me te whakakakahu i iari wha o kakahu.

Kei te tino roaa te karaka i roto i te 1585. Ko te meka i vai ratou i mua, a ka tohu tetahi taunakitanga: puta reira i nga kuwaha e toru o nga hanganga pourewa Kremlin - Spassky (Florovsky), te Tokotoru, me te Secret - i rēhita i te mahi o "Breviary." I te timatanga o te rau tau XVII i runga i te pourewa Kremlin (anake Nikolskaya) he teneti, a ka meinga te whakawhetai ki tenei pourewa tekau-Spasskaya tae te teitei o 60 mita. ka wati i roto i 1614 Nikifor Nikitin, ko ia te kawenga mō te tiaki me te hanga wheketere tikanga wā. e matau ana ano hoki tatou e whawhai i te karaka, ka haere mai i roto i te koroua oti, i hokona ai i roto i 1624 Spassky Monastery Yaroslavl taimaha.

Christopher tikanga Gollueya

Ko te karaka o te Spasskaya Tower o te Moscow Kremlin i te wa ko te tino tahito ra, i roto i te tua, e ratou nui i tukua i ahi auau, a ka ki a Moscow, karangatia ana e ia te wati rongonui English Christopher Gollueya. Awhinatia parakimete ia Russian - Zhdanov, tana tama, me te tama Alex Shumila. I roto i te 1626, i tahu karaka i runga i te Spasskaya Tower, ka kua hanga hou Galloway.

artist Russian Bazhenov Ogurtsov i 1636 i hanga hoki ratou teneti kingi ki, i riro te whakapaipai o te ensemble hoahoanga katoa o te Kremlin. Haora mahi i runga i te hanga o te peasants Vologda - papa me te tama Virachevy ka ārahi i te tukanga Galloway. Hoki "perechasya" caster Kirillom Samoylovym i maka 13 pere.

I taua wa, ko te utu o te ariki English 64 moni ia tau. i hokona tikanga karaka Old mō te 48 moni. Tenei tohu e te watchmakers i Moscow fiefia faatura nui me mau haamaitairaa, i utua e ratou he utu nui, rawa maiohatia e te hunga e kua aru te karaka pourewa. Hoki nga kaimahi, kua reira kua hanga noa he tauākī motuhake i roto i te mea i tuhituhia i te reira e i roto i a taea ki te inu, te tākaro kāri, ki te hoko tupeka, te waina, me te pera i runga i te Spasskaya Tower. D.

haora Whakaahuatanga

E ai ki to'utangatá o te wa, ko reira he karaka pa faahiahia i hanga o te rino. i Nā ki tona ataahua, me te pūrere ratou rongonui katoa i runga i te ao, a ka rongo ratou tangi pai neke atu i te 10 maero. pania te waea i puru. Ko te wahi matua, me te pokapū o tona ngā noho pahoho, i te taha ki waho i roto i te whanui, ko te 1 mita, koané. ko te karaka Slavic tātai reta o te taimaha ko 3 haora, 400 kg.

i whanganga Kremlin Clock awatea, me te po wā tohu tau Slavic me reta (parahi pani ki te koura), a takaro waiata. Engari ko pere ra roa kurupae piri ki te wahi o runga o te waea matua nui. I wehea te kōpae ki 17 wahi rite, i ko e tika ana ki te ahopou mōrahi o te ra i roto i te raumati. hipoki Mid kōpae i ki tohu puru, a ki runga i whakamararatia atu ai te hiriwa me te koura whetu, me te ra, me te marama whakapakoko. Papatono ki (ki te diameter o 5 m) ko e rua. Ko tētahi anga ki te Kremlin, te tahi atu haere ki China Town.

Pita ahau

Na roto i te hanga te mutunga o te karaka XVII rau i runga i o te Kremlin Spassky Tower kotahi ka tino taea Christopher Gollueem, a ka i roto i 1704 i Holland i Moana, hopoi mai hou Pita ahau. I kawea mai ratou i Arkhangelsk ki toru tekau kaata, i te Treasury i kua i tenei mea kua tohaina neke atu i te 42,000 Efimkov (Western moni hiriwa Pākehā). Ko te whenua katoa i roto i tenei wa o te whakawhitinga ki te pōhi i ia rā kotahi. E toru tau i muri mai, te karaka nui ki te waea 12-haora tāuta i runga i te Spasskaya Tower. ka mau te reira i Ekim Garnov me te torutoru pia e kua whakaritea, ka rere he tikanga mō te 20 ra.

CAP ariki

Heoi, etahi wa i muri, a ka he te hautoa enei mataaratanga, a i muri i te ahi nui o 1737 me e hinga ki koroua. Heoi, i tenei wa ko kē te whakapaipai Petersburg, a kore no te mea he hanga i roto i te hohoro.

A, no te kake te torona Catherine II, ka hiahia i roto i te chimes Kremlin ia. I muri Berlin wati Fatts (CAP) ka whakakapi i te karaka Chimes atu Ingarihi, kitea i roto i te whare o āhuatanga. I roto i nga tau e toru, i raro i tona kaiārahi, ka tāuta ratou Ivan Polyansky - rangatira Russian, ka kia oti te mahi i roto i te 1770. Mai i tukua te ariki matua i ki waho, na ka mo reira whakatangi te Kremlin waiata e du Lieber Augustin ( «Aue du Lieber Augustin"). Ko anake te take i roto i te tenei hītori o te karaka, i te whakatangihanga a ratou waiata ke.

wā Napoleon

A, no te peia i Moscow, ropu a Napoleon, i runga i Spassky Tower karaka o te Kremlin Nōna te hi'opo'a maitai, a kitea e kore e ratou tikanga karaka mahi. Na ka whakaekea te ariki Yakov Lebedev i February, te marama o 1813 ki te whakatika i te reira mo ratou moni. I tukua e ia ki te take, engari i mua i te reira ki te haina e kore e tino whakahoki iho ia tikanga o te mahi. A 2 tau i muri mai i rere ano te karaka, a ka ka whakawhiwhia Lebedev te taitara o te ariki wati Spassky haora.

I muri i te tahi tau ahuru matahiti, i hanga i tetahi atu ngana ki te horoi i te huarahi, kahore hoki e mutu te ahunga whakamua o te chimes, engari e kore e angitu. Na ka hoki te nāna i utua e te u Butenop teina. I roto i 1850 te wāwāhitanga i te karaka i tikanga te ranea, whakakapi wahi te hautoa. Na roto i tenei wa, i maka moenga hou, ko tona taimaha 25 taranata. I roto i te mahia o tenei mahi riro te kamupene te moni i roto i te nui o 12 000 moni. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i Maehe 1852, i oti te mahi katoa, me te wa tuatahi i timata nga chimes i runga i te pourewa ki mahia himene "Preobrazhensky March" me "kororia, ko to tatou Ariki."

haora whakahoutia mahi hoki 25 nga tau, a i te tau 1878 mō te 300 moni ki te hanga ka mau ratou te Kaiwhakaako W. Freimuth, e riro te wati i muri Kremlin pourewa. I te tīmatanga, ko reira tika i te whakatangihanga a chimes te rangi o te "Whakaorangia te Atua te Tsar!" Ko te Hiha Nicholas kore ahau whakaaetia ki te mahi pera, e hiahia ana ki te tangi tetahi waiata, ki te kahore hoki te himene. I roto i te 1913 kawea he fakafoki mai tauine-tonu i roto mo te tau o te whare Romanov. tonu Kamupene Butenop teina ki te mahi i te huarahi.

revolution

Ka haere mai nga wa pakeke o te Oketopa Revolution, a i roto i 1917 i patua tika te whawhai i roto i te mata, me te kino pakaru te karaka rongonui. I roto i te raumati o te tau 1918, ka riro Moscow te whakapaipai ano, whakaakona V. I. Lenin te kāwanatanga ki wawe hanga te chimes.

titiro Masters mo te wa roa, i wehi ki te tango i te mahi katoa. rama mataaratanga Famous (kamupene To ko Roginskii) ui mo moni nui, i taua wa i āhei ki te tohatoha i te kāwanatanga hou minted nei. Na ka hanga ratou ka ka mau te mīhini Kremlin N. I. Berens. mohio ia me pehea te huarahi matatini, rite i tona papa, i mahi kotahi mo te kamupene i mua i te taviniraa chimes. Na te āwhina ia i roto i tenei mea whakaae Cheremnyh artist JM, ko ia te score taua i runga i te waiata o "hinga koe i te pārurenga", me te "International" i te tono o te rangatira o te ënei whenua.

A ka ki te tautau hou utu i hanga e pā ana ki tetahi me te hawhe mita i roto i te roa, ka paunatia 32 kg. oti nga mahi toe fakafoki i roto i Mahuru 1918. Na ka rongo nga Muscovites mo te wa tuatahi te patuki te karaka i runga i te Spasskaya Tower. Etahi wa i muri mai, i roto i 1932, e rapu ano nga chimes hanga. hua rangatira i te mata hou (he kape tangohia o te tetahi tawhito) me awhi anō-tataitia, tau, me pere i runga haere reira e pā ana ki 28 manokaramu o koura.

Stalin

I te aronga o Stalin tamata ki te whakatika i te karaka ki te rangi he waiata Soviet Aleksandrova Kaituhitanga hou, engari ki te kahore he pai. I te matahiti 1991 ua hinaaro ia ano ki te faatupu i tenei mahi, engari rite tahuri te reira i roto i, kihai i nui tenei mo te toru pere. I roto i te 1996, i muri i 58 nga tau tischiny, Chimes Kremlin takaro himene i te kōkuhutanga o Russian te peresideni B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Song" me "kororia" M. I. Glinki).

ka mau wahi te faaho'iraa mai whakamutunga i roto i te 1999, roa te reira e ono nga marama. Pere tataitia ano, whakahokia te ahua katoa, me te utu o "Patriotic Song" karaka hopea patua ake te waiata motu o te Russian Federation.

Kremlin Karaka: whakaahua me ngā āhuatanga

Haora noho papa motuhake o te Spassky Tower: i te 8 ki te 10. Kei to ratou tikanga matua i roto i te ruma motuhake i runga i te papa 9. Ko tōna i timataria ai e toru pauna taimaha o i pā ana ki 160 ki te 224 kg. Kei tikanga Musical o te huinga o pere (e whakatakotoria katoa o ratou i runga i te whānuitanga ngā) me te puoto pūmanawa pera-ka karanga nei diameter tae e rua mita, huri i te reira, me te taimaha he taimaha nui 200 kirokaramu.

titi rango i timataria ai pere, ia taimaha 500 kg. whakaturia peka te tekau te patunga witi pere. E te ara, e ai ta tetahi o ratou i mea ai reira Klavdiy Fremi i Amsterdam i te raumati o 1628.

Hard ki whakaaro te rahi o te katoa o te pūrere, he reira te waea anake kua he diameter o 6.12 m. Aha, na, ko te roa o nga ringa meneti o te karaka i runga i te Spasskaya Tower? Na he aha Ko nga āhuatanga o te haora? Kia whakaaro te. I runga i te meka e kore e nui ake te uara o tetahi o enei āhuatanga hawhe te diameter o te whakaatu haora, ka taea e tetahi amo e ka waiho he pere nui āhua 3 mita. He iti, aua, ka waiho he iti iti. Na kia tahuri tatou ki te raraunga e pā ana. Ko te kupu, ko te ringa meneti i runga i te pourewa karaka Spassky i roa ko te 3.27 m, haora ki iti iho i te 30 cm -. 2.97 m tiaki wheketere rua he ra. Ki te aranga nekeneke taimaha, ia take whiwhi taimaha o ingots rino te taimaha ki runga ki te 200 kg, nui haere o ratou taimaha i roto i te hotoke.

Aroturuki me te tiaki

Katoa ra, i raro te huarahi karaka te ki whakamātautau ārai me te kotahi te marama - i runga i nga taipitopito. Ko te karaka i runga i te ohipa wati Spasskaya manatoko e te chronometer me e whakahaeretia e te whakaaro motuhake. lubricated te tikanga katoa kei te rua i te wiki, me te raumati, me te hotoke whakamahi hinu.

Kei te mahi tika te tikanga o te karaka Kremlin i te Spasskaya Tower ko te hawhe tata rau. I te taha ki te rino, ki te tuhituhi ratou e tahuri te karaka teina Butenop i Moscow i 1851. I te poutumarotanga me te i waenganui po ka whiua ratou te motu Russian, a i roto i waenganui i - "kororia".

mutunga

He tokomaha e hiahia i roto i te pātai: "nei pourewa, i roto i te tua ki te Kaiwhakaora, kua he mataaratanga?" I roto i te Moscow Kremlin engari chimes, whakaturia ano te karaka i roto i te Grand Kremlin Palace, te Tokotoru, me pourewa Borovitskaya.

chimes rongonui a tonu whanganga i te hītori o te whenua nui, kua meinga e ratou he tohu nui o nui, me te kaha o nga Russian.