Te waikawa ewaro. ngā āhuatanga ōkiko, te faaineineraa, me te whakamahi

waikawa ewaro (ingoa tetahi - waikawameha ahetiki) - ko te taonga organic i te mea he ngoikore rawa taketake waikawa. E huaina nga pärönaki o tenei waikawa acetates. Na roto o tenei taonga e taea te whiwhi ewaro pūhākawa waikawa mewaro: hāparo-= + ewaro waikawa methyl hākawa.
ngā āhuatanga ōkiko waikawa ewaro

1. waikawa ewaro (tātai - CH3COOH) Ko te wai, kahore te tae me te kakara, me te reka kawa kino.
2. hygroscopic. Ore wairewa i roto i te wai.
3. waikawa ewaro tairewa ki te nuinga o ngā whakarewa. Ko reira pai haurehu wairewa me pūhui pararopi pērā i HI (hauwai konutawa), HF (hauwai pūkōwhai), HBr (hauwai pūkeha), HCl (waikawa pūhaumāota) me te tini ke atu.
4. He he rite rārangi me dimers huringa.
5. Ko te taimau uruhanga o 6.1.
6. pāmahana pātīmata i roto i te hau ko te 454 nekehanga.
7. puka waikawa ewaro azeotropes ki waro tetrachloride, benzene, te huriowaro, toluene, hewaro, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene me bromoforom.

Ka taea te whiwhi waikawa ewaro i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi:

1. Na roto i te oxidizing acetaldehyde ki te hāora i te rangi. Ko te taea tenei tukanga anake i roto i te aroaro o te whakakōkī - tāpia konupora i te pāmahana o i 50 ki te 60 nekehanga. Ko te tauhohenga ko e whai ake:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (hāora) = 2CH3COOH (waikawa ewaro)

2. Ko te tikanga oxidative whakamahia ahumahi. I mua hoki hāora waikawa ewaro o te pūwaro i whakamahia, me te acetaldehyde.

oxidized Atsetilaldegid anake i roto i te aroaro o te tāpia konupora i te pēhanga faateiteihia me te pāmahana. Ko te tukua o te waikawa ewaro ko e pā ana ki e iwa tekau-rima ōrau.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

oxidized N-pūwaro i i te pāmahana o te 150 ki te 200 nekehanga. A, no te mahi tenei tāpia konukurahina rite te whakakōkī.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Otiia e tika ana ki te ara nui i roto i utu hinu, ka rua o enei tikanga huakore, ka i hohoro mamingatanga e tukanga tōtika atu mo te carbonylation o mewaro.

3. Ko te carbonylation catalytic o te waihā mewaro - ko te tikanga nui mo te waikawa kōtuitui ewaro. Puta i te reira whārite here:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. He hoki tikanga production matüora e whakamahi te kaha o microorganisms ki oxidize te waihā. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko te FERMENTATION ahetiki. A, no te whakamahia tenei te rite te raw rauemi wai hākawa waipiro Ethyl etanolosoderzhaschie wai (he inu rewena) ranei. Tenei-taahiraa maha tukanga matatini. Ka taea te whakaahuatia te reira e te whārite e whai ake:
CH3CH2OH (waipiro Etera) + O2 (hāora) = CH3COOH (waikawa ewaro) + H2O
tono

- rongoā waikawa ewaro waiwai whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi kai, te tunu me te tiaki;

whakamahia waikawa ewaro te ki te hanga i matū odoriferous me taero (hauwaiwaro, acetyl) -;

- whakamahia i roto i te tae me te tā;

- rite te reo tauhohenga mo te hāora o te tahi mau matū waro (hauwai piti hāora o sulfides);

- mai i takirua waikawa ewaro i te kakara titohea kino, e taea te whakamahi i te reira hei utu o te haukini.