Vitus Behring (Vitus Jonassen Bering). Whakaahua, biography

E kore te te whanau o te heke mai o te kaiwhakatere tohua e tetahi ohipa faufaa. Aita e whakapono e kore e he tamaiti kia tika he hēramana, me he pionie nui, a tae noa i roto i te mahi o tetahi atu State. E mea uaua ki te mea he aha ngā take ue'i te tamaiti ki te tomo i te mahi manuao i roto i te Russian Empire i kore pera kaha i to matou kaha i te wa. Mahalo i taea ki te kite i hoki ratou etahi kupu whakaari Behring. E ki etahi whānuitanga whai wāhi ki te āhuatanga i hanga e ia, i nga mahi, matawhenua, me ngā kōrero hiranga. Behring kitea e kore anake whenua hou me te motu i roto i te raki o te whenua, engari tae ano hoki te rohe o te kāri, i he tino nui.

Ko te tau tuatahi o te ora

whanau Vitus Bering i August 12, 1681 i roto i Jutland (hou Denmark) i roto i Horsens. e kore Kahore pa motuhake i taa: etahi hahi, me monasteries - e te nga mātanga katoa. ka anga ia ki te whakawhanake i muri anake 1442, ka i whakaaetia e ia te mahi tūtohinga, me āta whakawhanakehia ki te pokapū arumoni.

Kei te pa i runga i te tātahi, a i te tauranga. Ko te hero o to tatou aamu i te tau rawa tuatahi o te ora, i miharo hoki nga ngaru, ka moe o haere. Ahakoa ko tona papa, kia rite ki te tahi mau tumu kōrero, te rangatira tikanga, a kore mahue ratou mau fare. Ehara i te mea mārama hoki te aha te take, engari i te timatanga rawa o tona taiohi mahi hēramana ka mau ingoa o tona whaea.

tohu atu te moana i te tamaiti, na ehara i te mea maere e, he taiohitanga tae, whakauru ia i te Amsterdam Marine Cadet Corps, a i roto i 1703, i tau 22, oti pai ai. Ko te aroaro e, hanga Vitus Bering he haerenga iti ki te kaipuke Te Tai Rāwhiti Indies Tati. Te āhua, ka te Behring haere ake nei, me te hanga he whakatau u ki hono to ratou whakarau ki te moana.

I roto i te mahi o Pita ahau

Me pēhea te ki te patu i te Russian Navy Vitus Bering? e kore e tona haurongo ngā tenei utu o ngā mōhiohio tika. anake tatou e matau e i te wa i runga i te whakahau o te Hiha Pita mahi te nui Russian Russian Navy Admiral Korneliy Ivanovich Kryuys i roto i te huinga o kaumoana mātanga mō te mahi. Sievers ko Senyavin aroaro te tamaiti, ka mea i kua e kua ia i roto i te Indies Te Tai Rāwhiti, reira, riro ano etahi kahore wheako. Mai i ētahi atu puna mohio tatou e hiahia Vitus ki te mahi rite tona whanaunga Sievers, ko reira i roto i te Navy, a tino i roto i te Russian Empire. Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari kua tae mai pono tona moe, a ka tono tangata Behring ki St Petersburg. I reira i faataahia ia ki te whakahaere i te kaipuke i kawea te rakau ki te hanga i te pa Kronstadt. E kore e nui, engari tonu te moana!

I maoro i whakatairangatia ana Vitus Bering ki rūtene, ka anga ki te mahi i ngā taumahi atu kawenga, me te wero. ka mau ia wahi i roto i te pakanga Azov, aru i te kaupapa o kaipuke i te Gulf o Finland Swedes, whai wāhi i roto i te hīkoi i Arkhangelsk ki Kronstadt, mahi ia i runga i te kaipuke "Pearl" me tona totoro i Hamburg ki St Petersburg. Na ka pa whakarere, e kore maranga ki te rangatira o te ana'iraa tuatahi, Behring mahue ngāue fakakautaú.

Aroturuki lekooti o Vitus Bering

Ki te hanga e tatou i roto i te raupapa wā rarangi me ngā taitara e riro kaihōpara Behring i roto i tona mahi hōia katoa, whiwhi tatou i te tepu e whai ake:

E whakahonoretia enei taitara me hōnore mō te 20 tau o te mahi Vitus Bering. haurongo poto, Heoi, kihai i whakaatu i nga hua katoa o te kaiwhakatere. No te hītori me geographers atu ngā wahi muri o tona ora.

Whanaketanga me te hononga o Kamchatka ki te Empire Russian

Kei te piki haere tonu te tukino o serfdom kore i taea e engari pā te hītori Russian. rapu peasants pahika whenua e e mahi rite ratou piringa i te whakatoi. Na āta kua tae iwi me Siberia, a reira ki a Kamchatka. Otiia i kapi ai te rohe kua, na i whakaritea nga haerenga mo te hopu me te whanaketanga o te whenua, taonga rauemi māori, huruhuru, a na runga i .. I te 1598 i te Siberian Khanate i wahia, a ka meinga te rohe wahi o te Russian Empire.

Ko te hiahia mo te rangahau i roto i Kamchatka

ko te whanaketanga o Kamchatka me ētahi atu rohe Siberian he mea o te faufaa motu. Tuatahi o te katoa ko reira tika ki kapi te takotoranga moni. Otiia i te nuinga i te mau pionie painga mātauranga iwi nei e matua rapu mō kohuke, tuwhera rohe hou, a ka tuhituhia te taupori rohe. hiahiatia ana te State mahere o te whenua hou, me te ara moana.

I roto i te 1724, puta Pita te nui te tikanga i runga i te whakahaere o te pakanga ki a Kamchatka ahu e Vitus Bering tukua. I whakahau te haere ki te tiki ki Kamchatka, ki te hanga kaipuke e rua, a haere ana ratou ki te raki, ki te kitea he wahi i reira hono Amerika te ki Siberia, ka kitea i roto i te ara ki nga pa Pākehā.

Tuatahi Kamchatka Haerenga o Vitus Bering

I whakatairangatia ana ki te paetukutuku o te rangatira me te rangatira o te ana'iraa tuatahi, ka mau ake te haere ake nei kia Ariki. I muri i te 2 wiki - 25 Kohitātea 1725 - te mema o tuatahi o te ope whakatakotoria atu i St Petersburg ki Kamchatka. ngā te rōpū o rua āpiha manuao (Alexei Chirikov me Martyn Shpanberg), kairūri, Norevetia, kaiwhakatere, kaihoe, kaipuke, keke. Kua tae te maha katoa 100 te iwi.

i uaua, me te uaua te ara. i ahau ki te tiki i te momo o huarahi: kaata, patu ki kuri, oko awa. Tae i roto i te 1727 i roto i Okhotsk, timata te hanga o kaipuke ki te mahi i nga mahi taketake o te ope. I enei kaipuke tae Vitus Bering te tai hauāuru o Kamchatka. I roto i te Nizhnekamchatsk i hanga manuao "St. Kapariera", ka haere i runga i te wahi i te kaiwhakatere ki te kapa. Te kaipuke haere i roto i te Strait i waenganui Alaska me Chukotka, engari e tika ana ki te tikanga rangi kihai i taea ki te kite i te rohe o te fenua Amerika nga heramana.

kawea wāhanga o te whāinga o te ope i roto. Heoi, ka hoki ia i roto i 1730 i St. Petersburg, whakarato kaiwhakatere he pūrongo i runga i tona mahi, me te hanga i te kaupapa ope i muri. Te nuinga o nga rangatira runga te whenua o me mātauranga i kore matau, rite ia, Vitus Bering, i whakatuwheratia e ia. Ko tino nui kua reira kua whakamatauria - e kore e hono ki te United States Ahia, me. I whakatairangatia ana te haere ki a Kāpene-Commander.

Ko te ope tuarua ki Kamchatka

I muri hoki mai ki te kaiwhakatere ki a ia, pūkete me ngā mahere e ki te tetahi matakana. I matou ki te paruru i tona honore, me te ki te whakatika whakanohoia i roto ia ia te runga rawa te whakawhirinaki. A e kore e te ano i tutuki te whāinga katoa. E kore e taea e koe te mutu waenganui. Na, he ope tuarua, ka whakahau ia Vitus Bering. i tuhituhia e to'ume'a o te haere Biography, kī e, tata i mua o te haerenga tuatahi ki te takutai o Kamchatka, whakatuwheratia he Shestakov me te raru, a tae noa nga Motu Kuril. Ae, engari enei āhuatanga katoa kua kore i tuhia. i waimarie Dane - i kuraina ia, taea ki te hanganga me te tātari i te hua, ka ko kāri pai.

Ko te ope tuarua o Vitus Bering i te whāinga e whai ake nei: Te torotoro haere o te moana o Japan, me Kamchatka ki te mangai o te Amur, mahere te rohe raki katoa o Siberia, te paetae o te rohe American, me hokohoko ki nga Maori, ki te mea tetahi, kia kitea e reira.

Ahakoa te meka e te torona emepaea noho Anna Ivanovna, kua noho Russia pono ki nga ako a Pita o. Na reira, paanga te kaupapa rangatira mana o te Admiralty. whakaputaina tikanga i runga i te pakanga i roto i 1732. A, no te tae ratou Okhotsk, i roto i te 1740 Behring whare e rua poti pākete - ". St. Paora" "Saint Pita", me te haere mai ratou kairangahau ki te rohe ki te rawhiti o Kamchatka.

hua ope

ara moana i angitu atu tenei wa. Otiia i te wa taua fakamamahi - i roto i te hotoke i roto i 1741 ka mate a Vitus Bering. Aha kitea ia, i taea te aromatawai muri anake. Na no te mea manatoko i te tika o nga hua o tona mahi i uaua - te ara ki Siberia he tonu ti'aturi rawa i runga i nga hiahia o te natura. Ko ara Na, kua tīmata kē haere ki te whakamahi i ngā kāri e ko Vitus Bering. Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te tāimu'a nui tukua ki te mahi i te whanaketanga me te faaohiparaa o whenua hou.

Ko te kupu, i mahi i te whai ake:

• I whakaturia Achinsk kokoru o Petropavlovsk.
• Na roto i hou Moana Bering tae te rohe o Alaska.
• I te ara hoki, a ka whakatuwheratia te Aleutian Islands Shumagin.
• Maheretia te Range Aleutian.
• Huraina ka maheretia Evdokeevskie Islands me Chirikov (Misty).
• Open Bering Island, te wahi mate ia i roto i 1741 kaiwhakatere.
• Maheretia te rohe o te raki, me te rawhiti Russia, te rohe kāinga o Siberia.
• Zakartografirovany Islands Kuril.
• kitea e ahau te ara ki a Japan.

Ki te tirohia e koe i te hītori o ngā āhuatanga matawhenua, he reira taea ki te kitea e ko te ope wahi anake o te pakanga nui. I oti te reira i roto i tika i te tau torutoru te mara o te mate o Bering, a tae noa ka anake hoki tona taranata whakahaere o. I muri i te katoa, kua wehea e ia nga kaiuru ki ngā rōpū o te Haerenga Northern, whakaputaina ki ia mahi motuhake. Ahakoa te utu tangata, kua oti rawa pai te pakanga.

titiro rite Vitus Bering?

Kaikitetuatahi ahua etahi ngā kaituhi ruarua. Huri i te reira i roto i te pikitia maheni katoa, i whakaaturia Vitus Bering (pikitia na e kore e ko), e kore e hāngai ki mooni. He whakaahua o tona matua keke enei. i whakatau e ui ki te angaanga me te re-whakatūnga o te waho i te tikanga o te whaihanga tautohetohe. Ka rite ki te hua, i riro te mata tūturu o te haere. Oia mau, i Vitus Bering (e te aroaro whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga) he ahua rawa rerekē. Otiia e kore e tenei haape i te faufaa o ana āhuatanga.

Ko te huru o te kaiwhakatere nui

E ai ki te kōrero e wātea ana, i te kaiwhakatere i te āhua ngawari torutoru, e kore e nei i oreore mo te upoko o te ope. Na ano Bering rua whakaritea ki tenei tūranga. Me kï hoki tetahi atu tino rerekē. kihai i rite Siberia kairangahau ki te kawe mai i te take ki te hua mutunga - taea ia noho i roto i te kau, ka te whāinga i te ringa. whakanuia tenei Bering āhuatanga me hoa, me ngā mema o orihaere. Tonu, ki te mea tūtohu rite te rangatira me te kaiwhakahaere, ko Pita te nui, ko Anne Ioannovne. Pehea e taea te faataa tenei? kia waiho te reira i te meka e, ahakoa ona mau paruparu katoa, ko Vitus Bering he kaiwhakatere mātanga. mohio ia me pehea ki te whai i whakahau, ko te tino kawenga, me te whakahaere, me, o muri, engari e kore e iti, he devotee o te kāwanatanga, i roto i tona mahi ko. Ae, pea no o teie mau huru i pōtitia ia ki te kawe i enei rangahau matawhenua nui.

Tomb o Kamchatka kairangahau

I muri tutaki Vitus Bering tona matenga i runga i te motu, ano i kitea e ia i tanumia ia, ka tāuta, kia rite ki te ritenga o te wa, he ripeka rakau. Ko reira mārama e i hemo te rakau, me te rerere ki te wā. Heoi, i roto i 1864 i runga i te wahi i reira, kia rite ki ngā pūkete o hoa o Bering, ko tona urupa, i whakaturia he ripeka rakau hou. Ko reira te kaiaka o te Kamupene Russian-American, whakaturia i roto i te kingitanga o Paora.

whakaritea rapu ope ki nga wahi o Siberia kairangahau tanumanga i roto i 1991. I runga i te motu i kitea ai te urupa o Bering kore anake, engari ano hoki atu kaipuke rima. ora ake nga toenga i a tonoa ki Moscow ki ako. faaho'ihia mai te wheua, me te angaanga i ahua haere. Ko nga pūtaiao hoki e taea ki te kitea i roto i taua kihai ia i mate i papaka rite te tikanga i mua, engari i te mate (e te mea, ïa, te kore mohiotia). I muri i te otinga o te kōiwi akoranga i hoki ki te motu, me te kētia ana.

Ahanoa e kua ingoa i muri i te kaiwhakatere nui

I roto i te mahara o te haere, me tona whai ki akoranga matawhenua, hoatu tona ingoa ko ki taua ahanoa:

• Streets i Moscow, St Petersburg, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, Murmansk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Tomsk ko Yakutsk.
• Straits moutere, Cape, Glacier, Moana.
• Icebreaker me diesel-hiko.
• State University i Kamchatka.
• Plants e tupu i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti.

I tua atu, nekehia te haere te kiriata "Te Ballad o Bering me ana hoa."

Te tikanga ngā āhuatanga kaiwhakatere

E kore e taea e kore ki te mohio ki te faufaa o te haerenga moana o Vitus Bering. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ia i reira i te tuatahi mahere pai-unu o Siberia reira. I muri mai, i āwhina reira te whanaketanga o te wahi Āhia o te Russian Empire. Na roto i ona haerenga timata te whanaketanga kaha o te rohe. Ka anga ki te tango kohuke, ka anga ai ki te whakawhanake i te ahumahi keri me te faaiopoiporaa.

i te Russian Empire moni e rerengia ana ki te afata tao'a me whenua hou, nui haere tona auraa ao, me te pānga. Na tino nui - i te whenua i te whai wāhi ki te hokohoko ki aua whenua ki i te reira taea ki te tiki ara kua taukei. I muri i te katoa, i enei rohe i raro i te mana o te tahi atu āhua e ki atu tenei mo ratou whiti he takoha taonga nui. Otiia, ahakoa ona hua katoa, i murimatetia te āhukahuka o Vitus Bering muri anake haamauraa o ratou āhuatanga e ētahi atu haere. Hei tauira, he pai-mohiotia inaianei te Bering Strait riro tona ingoa i te ringa ngāwari o Hemi Kuki.