Zinaida Serebryakov: haurongo me te whakaahua

Zinaida Serebryakova - artist Russian, nei ka rongonui i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, tona whaiaro-whakaahua, kua noho te ora roa e te ohipa, nui o nei haere ki te whakarau i roto i Paris. Na, i roto i te huarahi o te nui whakaaturanga Tretyakov Gallery o tona mahi, e hiahia ana ahau ki te mahara me te kōrero e pā ana ki tona ora pakeke, nga piki me ngā heke o o tona hapu te whakarau.

Zinaida Serebryakov: koioranga, te angitu tuatahi i roto i te peita

i whanau ia i roto i 1884 i roto i te utuafare rongonui toi Benoit-Lancer, e te mea rongonui mo te maha ngā whakatupuranga o kaiwhakairo, kaipeita, kaihoahoa me kaitito. pau tona tamarikitanga i roto i te huru auaha whakamiharo i roto i te porohita o te utuafare rahi, karapotia ia ki te here, me te tiaki.

noho te whānau i roto i St. Petersburg, a i roto i te raumati e oho tonu ki te whenua e tata ana Kharkov Neskuchnoye. ako Painting Zinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova puku i te tuatahi i Princess Tenishcheva i St. Petersburg, ka i roto i te poutū O. Braz. I muri mai, tonu ia tona mātauranga i roto i France me Itari.

I tona hokinga mai i Paris, tomo te artist te hapori "Te Ao Art o" hopoi tahi toi o aua wa, muri ka karanga te Silver Age. ka haere mai te angitu tuatahi ki a ia i roto i 1910, i muri i whakaatu tona whaiaro portrait-"hoki te wharepaku" (1909) tonu, hokona P. Tretyakov mo te taiwhanga.

E whakaatu ana te peita tetahi wahine ataahua taitamariki e tu i mua i te whakaata, mahi i te wharepaku ata. Ona kanohi titiro aroha i te taha pūtirotiro i taha i runga i te tepu whakatakotoria hoki wahine rahaki: ipu o kakara, pouaka whakapaipai, tahei, utu he lango. I roto i tenei mahi, te whakapuaki i te mata o te toi me kanohi tonu ki tonu o te tamarikitanga koa, me te ra kanapa huru ora-whakakoia aronganui.

Malí me ngā tamariki

Ki te tona kotahi whiriwhiri pau ia tona tamarikitanga, me te taiohitanga, tonu kōrero ko Neskuchnii, a i roto i St Petersburg ki ona whanaunga Serebryakov whānau. Boris Serebryakov ko tona whanaunga, aroha ratou ia atu, me te moe o te pae marenatia. Heoi, e kore tenei i mahi hoki i te wa roa no o tautohenga i runga i te hahi mau faaipoiporaa tata. Ko anake i roto i te 1905, i muri i te kawenata ki te tohunga rohe i taea ki te hoatu ki a ratou he marena (300 moni) whanaunga.

Ngā ngākau nuitanga putiputi i tino whakamuri: i faaineine Boris ki riro i te kaipūkaha o rerewē, aroha ahau te mōrea, a tae noa haere ki te mahi i roto i Manchuria i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese, a ko aroha o te peita Zinaida Serebryakova. Heoi, nui atu to ratou ngawari me te kaha hononga aroha, hanga mahere mo te ora tahi heke mai.

Ratou ora tahi timata ki te haerenga ki Paris i te roa ia tau, ka haere i reira te artist runga ki te ako peita i te Academy de la Grande Chaumiere, a ako Boris i te kura Paetahi o piriti me nga rori.

E hoki ki Neskuchnoye, Kei te kaha te mahi i te toi i runga i whenua me whakaahua, ka tonu Boris ki ako i te Institute o Communications ka whai wāhi i roto i te whare riko. a ratou wha tamariki-pogodok: tuatahi, e rua nga tama, tokorua nga tamahine ka. I roto i enei tau, kua oti rawa ona tamariki ki nga mahi maha e whakaatu te mau oaoa o te metua vahine, me te tipu ake ngā tamariki.

peita rongonui "I parakuihi," whakaatu he hakari utuafare i roto i te whare, te wahi e ora ana ia i te aroha me te oaoa, whakaatu tamariki i te tepu, a tawhio noa rahaki kāinga. tuhituhi te artist whakaahua, tana ko tana tahu, te huahua ora ōhanga Neskuchnii kumea te kaiahuwhenua rohe i roto i te mahi "WHITENING kānawehi", "Harvest", me etahi atu. He tino aroha o te whānau Serebryakov, whakaaro hoki tona kaha ki te ngaki me te kia hari ki te tū mo te pikitia i te kāinga artist.

Revolution me te matekai

Nga ngā orurehau o 1917, ka haere mai ki a Neskuchnyi, mau mai i te ahi me te kino. tahuna kāinga Serebryakov "whawhai o te revolution," engari whakahaere te kaitoi ia ki nga tamariki ki te waiho i roto i o reira ki te awhina o kaimahi rohe, na wai a ia, me te tae noa hoatu ara ki te torutoru peke o te witi me te kāreti. oho Serebryakovs ki Kharkov ki te kuia. Boris i roto i enei marama mahi ia rite te mātanga i runga i te huarahi tuatahi i roto i Siberia, ka i roto i Moscow.

Kihai nei i tango i tetahi rongo i tana tane, manukanuka rawa nui mo ia, Zinaida Serebryakov haere ki te titiro hoki a ia, ka mahue nga tamariki ki tona whaea. Heoi, i muri i to ratou farerei i roto i te ara kirimanatia Boris i te fiva rahi, a mate i roto i nga ringa o tona wahine te here. mahue Zinaida anake ki 4 tamariki me te whaea kaumātua i roto i te Kharkov hiakai. mahi ia wahi-wā i te whare taonga whaipara, hanga huahua o tumuaki o onamata, me te hoko i te moni kai mō ngā tamariki.

Fakamamahi "Whare o Cards"

Painting i tuhituhia "Whare o Cards" Zinaida Serebryakova he marama torutoru i muri i te matenga o tana tane, Boris, te wahi i noho te artist i te ringa ki te mangai ki nga tamariki, me o ratou whaea i roto i Kharkov, a ka te fakamamahi tino i roto i ona mahi. ka kite te taitara rawa o te peita Serebryakov rite te kupu whakarite mo tona ora ake.

I pania te reira ki te peita hinu, i nga te hou i roto i te wā mai i poto te moni katoa i runga taua mea, kia mate te whānau i te hemokai. hinga Life rite te whare o kāri. A, i roto i mua o te kaitoi e kore e whai i tetahi 'amanaki i roto i te ora auaha, me te whaiaro, ko te mea matua i te wa - ki te whakaora me te whangai ratou tamariki.

Life i mua

I roto i Kharkov, kahore he moni, kahore he whakahau te mahi mō te peita kia whakatau te artist ki te neke i te whānau ki mua, ofi ki te utuafare, me te ora ahurea. i karangatia ia ki te mahi i roto i te mua whare taonga tari ahorangi i te Academy o Fine Arts, me i Hakihea 1920, kua noho te whānau katoa i roto i mua. Heoi, i te whakaako, pai ia ki te mahi i roto i tona taiwhanga.

peita Serebryakov whakaahua, whakaaro o Tsarskoye selo ko Gatchina. Heoi, e kore te mea pono ia tūmanako mo te ora pai: i roto i ko te whakapaipai raki ano matekai, i ara he ngahoro potato.

kiritaki Onge Zinaida i āwhina ki te whangai, me te kawe ake tamariki, ka anga tamahine Tania ki te ako Choreography i te Mariinsky Theatre. Te whare ratou tonu e haere mai hītekiteki taitama nei fai mo te toi. Na i hanga te raupapa o peita ori me tito, e whakaatu ana sylphs taitamariki me te hītekiteki taka ake hoki haere i runga i te atamira i te tākaro.

I roto i te 1924, ka tīmata te reira i te whakaoranga o te mahi whakaaturanga. He maha ngā peita Zinaidy Serebryakovoy i te whakaaturanga o te toi Russian i hokona i roto i Amerika. I muri i te fariiraa i te utu, whakatau ia ki te waiho mo te ia i roto i Paris, ki te imi i te moni mo te tiaki o tona whānau whānui.

Paris. I roto i te whakarau

Mahue nga tamariki ki to ratou kuia i roto i mua, tae Serebryakov i Paris i Mahuru 1924, Heoi, ko te ora auaha he kore i konei: Tuatahi reira ko to tatou iho awheawhe, whakahau iti, te whakahaere moni ki te whiwhi iti rawa, me te hunga e tuku i te reira ki Russia ki tona utuafare.

I roto i te haurongo o te artist Zinaida Serebryakova ora i roto i Paris whakamatauria ki te waiho i te wāhi koki, i muri nei kore i taea ki te hoki mai te kāinga ia, me ana tamariki e rua, kite ia tau 36 anake i muri, i mua noa i tona matenga.

Ko te wā e kānapanapa o tona ora i roto i France - konei mai ka tae mai tana tamahine Kate, a tahi ratou nga pa ririki o France ko Switzerland, hanga huahua, whenua, whakaahua o kaimahi rohe (1926).

Trip ki Morocco

I roto i te 1928, i muri i te tuhi i te raupapa o whakaahua mo te kaipakihi Beletita, me te moni Zinaida ko Catherine Serebryakovs haere i runga i te haerenga ki Morocco. Patua e te ataahua o te Te Tai Rāwhiti, hanga Serebryakov he raupapa o akoranga me mahi, tuhi ara rawhiti me kāinga.

Hoki i Paris, whakarite ia he whakaaturanga o "Moroccan" mahi, te kohi i te tau nui o arotake tākare, otiia kihai i taea e hanga tetahi. Kua tuhia katoa o koutou hoa tona impracticality me ngoikore ki te hoko i to ratou mahi.

I roto i te 1932, anō Zinaida Serebryakova haere ki Morocco, mahi reira ano huahua me whenua. I roto i enei tau, i reira taea ki te whati i te tama a Alexander, e hoki ka he kaipeita. Kei te whai wāhi ia i roto i te mahi whakapaipai, wanihi e whakapaipai me manufactures lampshades ritenga.

Ona tamariki e rua, tae i roto i Paris, te āwhina whiwhi ia te moni e kaha te mahi i roto i ngā mahi toi, me te whakapaipai.

Tamariki i roto i Russia

E rua tama a te kaitoi Eugene ko Tatiana, mahue i roto i Russia me tona kuia, i rawa rawakore, me te hiakai. i pēpēhia ratou fare, a nohoia ana e ratou tetahi anake ruma, i ia ki te hana o takitahi.

I roto i te 1933, ia mama E. N. Lansere mate, taea ki te tu i te matekai, me te fakamasiva, noho tamariki ratou. Kua tupu ratou me kua whiriwhiria rite ngaio auaha: riro Jack he kaihoahoa, a Tatiana - kaitoi i roto i te whare tapere. Āta hoatu e ratou to ratou oraraa, tīmata hapu, engari mo te tau e maha moe ki te whakatau ki tona whaea, ārahi tonu tona reta.

I roto i te 1930 karangatia te kāwanatanga Soviet ia ki te hoki te kāinga, engari i roto i te hunga tau mahi Serebryakov i runga i kōmihana tūmataiti i Belgium, me ka te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I muri i te whawhai, ka noho ia hei tino mate, me te kore rawa i kaha ki te neke.

Anake i roto i te 1960, i kaha ki te haere mai ki a Paris ki kite tona whaea, 36 nga tau i muri i te wehenga Tatyana.

E whakaatu ana Serebrya i Russia

I roto i te 1965, i roto i te koero i roto i te Soviet Union ka mau anake te ora whakaaturanga whaiaro Zinaida Serebryakova i Moscow, ka haere ia i roto i Kiev, ko Leningrad. Artist i te wa i 80 tau, me te haere mai no te mea i taea ki te āhua o te hauora ia, engari i tino hari ki te kia mahara hoki ia i te kāinga.

I tū te whakaaturanga ki te angitu nui, te faahaamana'o katoa o te artist nui wareware nei kua tonu kua oti rawa ki te toi puāwaitanga. Kua Serebryakov kua taea, ahakoa nga tau ririhau katoa o te hawhe tuatahi o te c 20., Hei kitea tou kāhua ake. I roto i aua tau i roto i te Impressionism Europe nuinga, Deco toi, waitara me ētahi atu ngā.

Ona tamariki, e noho tahi ia i roto i France, noho pono ki te mutunga o te ora ia, oti rawa te whariki tona ora, me te āwhina fakapa'anga. kihai ratou i kawea mai to ratou mau utuafare, a noho ki a ia tae noa ki te mate ia i te tau 82, i muri nei whakaritea ona whakaaturanga.

tanumia Z. Serebryakov i 1967 i roto i te urupā o Saint Genevieve de Bois i Paris.

Te whakaaturanga i roto i te 2017

Zinaida Serebryakova whakaaturanga i roto i te Taiwhanga Tretyakov - te nui rawa i roto i te 30 tau whakamutunga (200 peita me tuhi), whakatapua ki te huritau 50 o te mate o te artist, rere i April ki te mutunga o Hōngongoi 2017

I tū ki muri o mua o tona mahi i roto i te 1986, i na kawea reira i roto i te tahi mau kaupapa, i whakakitea tona mahi i te Whare Taonga Russian i St Petersburg me i roto i ngā whakaaturanga iti tūmataiti.

I tenei wa, nga kaitiaki o te turanga French Fondation Serebriakoff kohia he nui nui o te mahi ki te hanga i te whakaaturanga rahi e i roto i te raumati o 2017 ka e whakaputaina i runga i te 2 papa o te taiwhanga Engineering Corps.

Ko Retrospective i ana'iraa, tuku i te pūtirotiro ki te kite i raina auaha rerekē o te artist Zinaida Serebryakova, i te tīmatanga o nga whakaahua, me mahi o kanikani hītekiteki o te Mariinsky Theatre, i hanga nei i roto i Russia i te 20. ona peita katoa he emotionality tūturu me lyricism, he tikanga pai o te ora. I roto i te whare motuhake e mahi ki whakapakoko o ana tamariki.

I runga i te papa i muri kei mahi hanga i roto i Paris i whakaraua, i roto ia ratou:

• awhi Beletita, tikanga-hanga Baron de Brouwer (1937-1937), e whakaaro i tetahi wa i mate i roto i te whawhai;
• huahua Moroccan me huahua, tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1928 me te 1932.;
• whakaahua o ratere Russian, i i tuhituhia i roto i Paris;
• whenua me rangahau āhua i France, Spain me etahi atu.

Afterword

tamariki katoa Zinaida Serebryakova tonu iho auaha a ka kaitoi me kaihoahoa mahi i roto i ngā momo. tamahine whakaotinga a Serebryakova - ora Catherine te ora roa, i muri i te matenga o tona whaea, kua mātātoa te whai wāhi ia i roto i ngā mahi whakaaturanga me te mahi i roto i te turanga Fondation Serebriakoff, mate i tau 101 tau i roto i Paris.

I oti rawa Zinaida Serebryakova ki nga whakarerenga iho o toi puāwaitanga me kua kitea tona kāhua ake o te peita, e whakaatu ana i te koa me te mariu, te whakapono i roto i te aroha me te kaha o te auahatanga, hopu i te maha taime ataahua o tona ora, me te taiao.