Hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer ataata. okana o whakakitenga

Ki te taunekeneke ki te ao waho, me riro i te tangata, me te tātari mōhiohio i te taiao o waho. Ki tenei mutunga, te āhua me te homai ana rongo. E ono o ratou: kanohi, taringa, arero, ihu, kiri, me te taputapu vestibular. Ko te kupu, ngā te tangata he kanohi o katoa e karapoti ia me o ia rite ki te hua o ataata, māna, olfactory, tūturu, gustatory me sensations kinesthetic.

whakauaua taea te tohe te reira e te mea nui atu nui atu i te ētahi atu etahi okana tikanga. kīnaki ratou tahi i te tahi, te hanga i te pikitia tino o te ao. Ko te aha te nuinga o te kōrero katoa - ki runga ki te 90%! - kite iwi te whakamahi i te kanohi - ko reira he meka. Ki te mārama me pēhea te whiwhi tenei mōhiohio ki te roro, me pehea he tona tātaritanga, he mea e tika ana ki te whakaaro i te hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer ataata.

Āhuatanga o te analyzer ataata

Ngā mihi ki te perception ataata ako tatou e pā ana ki te rahi, āhua, tae, whakaritenga tahi o nga taonga o te ao, o ratou kaupapa ranei immobility. Ko te tukanga matatini, me te maha-taahiraa tenei. kite pūnaha whakatinana i te taenga me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio ataata, reira whakarato - - Hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer ataata rawa matatini. I te tīmatanga, he reira taea ki te tohatoha i te piringa (he raraunga tāuru tangohanga), me te tātari i te wahi conductive. Whiwhi mōhiohio kawea e te pūnaha receptor e ngā te Afio me ngā pūnaha pŭpŭ tauturu, a atu kua tonoa reira mā te faatae te ki te pokapū e tika ana o te roro, te wahi e tukatuka reira me whakapakoko ataata e hanga e. Ka tari katoa o te analyzer ataata e lāulea ki i roto i te tuhinga.

Nahea te kanohi. Ko te kahu i waho o te 'Afio

E takirua nga kanohi whēkau. Ia 'Afio rite te āhua pōro paku papatahi me te tito o te maha paparanga: te kōhao inu-ki tonu tata waho, waenganui, me te roto o te kanohi.

Ko te anga waho - he capsule mātotoru kaiota e tiakina ana te āhua o te kanohi, me te tiaki ona hanganga roto. I tua atu, kawea ana e ia i roto i ono whakatika i nga uaua pūkaha o te 'Afio. Kei te waho anga o te mārama mua wahi - taupoki io me muri, puatakore - mā karu.

Ko te taupoki io Ko te kanohi pāpāho atatāhapa, he reira ohu nei, kua he tirohanga o te tirohanga, me te ko, i roto i tahuri, kua hanga o te maha paparanga. e kore e whai te reira i oko toto, engari i reira e maha kūmuri io. ma he kikorangi ranei mā karu, wahi kitea te tikanga te i huaina kanohi pūmua i hanga i te kiko tūhonohono. Ki a ia me uaua piri, whakarato kanohi tahuri.

Ko te kahu waenganui o te 'Afio

whai wāhi kamo toharite te i roto i ngā tukanga pūkoro tinana, te whakarato kai tōtika kanohi me te withdrawal o ngā hua pūkoro. Ko te mua, te wahi tino kitea o reira - te reira Iris. taonga pigmented i roto i te iris, kaua, takoto tona nui te takitahi hue te kanohi tangata i te puru, ki te kahore he reira nui ki te aramona, ki te nui ranei. A, no te ngarahu He ngaro, ka rite ki te tupu ki te kirikōtea, riro te reira plexus iaia kitea, ka riro whero te iris.

Kei Iris te tika i muri te taupoki io, tona pūtake ko te uaua. Tauira - poka a tawhio iris faatumuhia - whakawhetai ki enei uaua regulates kătahi o te marama ki te kanohi dilates i roto i te marama iti, me te kiore i kanapa rawa. Ko reira he hoko atu o nga iris tinana ciliary (ciliary). Ko te mahi o tenei wahi o te analyzer ataata ko te ki te whakaputa i inu e whangainga ana te kanohi aua tari e kore e e whai ratou ake oko. Ano, te tinana ciliary he mana tika i runga i te matotoru o te arotahi i te tikanga o here motuhake.

Ko te wāhanga posterior o te kanohi i roto i te kahu waenganui ko te kamo, iaia tūturu ranei anga kanohi tata katoa o oko toto o diameter rerekē.

etine

Roto, te paparanga thinnest, - he etine ranei te etine i hanga e ngā pūtau io. He he he perception tika o te tātari tuatahi me ngā mōhiohio ataata. Ko te wahi hoki o te etine ngā o photoreceptor motuhake i huaina te mahuetanga (o 7 MN) me rakau (130 MN). Ko ratou te hunga e kawenga mo te tirohanga o ngā kanohi.

He kawenga mō te āhukahuka tae te mahuetanga me whakarato kitenga pokapū taea ki a koe kite kōrero pai. Sticks, he atu tairongo, hoatu he tangata te whai wāhi ki te kite i roto i ngā tae pango me te ma i roto i ngā āhuatanga marama iti, a he kawenga mō te whakakitenga piringa. E hāngai te nuinga o te mahuetanga i roto i te wahi kōwhai pera-ka karanga i roto i mua o te tauira, paku ki runga ake i te tomokanga o te karere whatu. wahi tenei Ko te acuity ataata mōrahi. Te etine, me te wahi katoa o te analyzer ataata, e kore te mea ngāwari te hanganga - i roto i tona hanganga tohatoha 10 papa.

Ko te hanganga o te kōhao kanohi

Kei matua Ocular o te arotahi, ka ki tonu ruma tangiwai ki te wai. puta te reira i rite te arotahi koropuku i runga i ngā taha e rua o te arotahi mārama. E ia kahore oko toto mutunga io ranei me te iri i te-titaha e karapoti ana i te tinana ciliary, te uaua nei te huri i tona curvature. huaina ana tēnei kaha ko noho, me te āwhina i te kanohi ki te arotahi ki runga i tata ranei i runga i te anga ke, kaupapa tawhiti.

Muri te arotahi, piri tukunga a atu ki te mata katoa o te etine, whakaritea tangiwai. Ko te taonga mārama gelatinous e hua ana te nuinga o te rōrahi o te okana o whakakitenga tenei. Ko te hanganga o tenei gelatinous papatipu 98% - wai. Ko te whakaaro o tenei rauemi - e mau ana hihi marama utu intraocular huringa pēhanga, tautoko te tamau o āhua o te 'Afio.

rohe Anterior ruma taupoki io me iris. Kei te hono reira e te piahi ki te ruma whaiti muri, whakawhānui i te iris ki te arotahi. Rua kōhao intraocular ki tonu i te wai, i honotanga noa i waenganui ia ratou.

hakoko o te marama

Ko taua pūnaha analyzer ataata e kua refracted tuatahi nga hihi marama, me te arotahi i te taupoki io me tika i roto i te iris ki te ruma mārōrō,. Na roto i te wahi pokapū akonga o te marama taka i runga i te arotahi, te wahi he reira tika atu arotahi, a ka i roto i te tinana tangiwai - te etine. Kei te matapae i runga i te etine o te whakapakoko kaupapa i roto i te iti me te, ano, te puka Taupokia me te pūngao o te photoreceptors hihi marama tahuri ki ponana io. Mōhiohio i runga i roto i te faatae te tomo te roro. A tuu i runga i te etine, i roto i nei te karere whatu, he kowaiwai o photoreceptors, na ka karanga wahi matapo.

Haereraa okana o te whakakitenga

Kanohi ki te whakautu wā ki te whakaohooho, me kia pūkoro. I roto i te kaupapa o te taputapu ataata whakatau e toru o takirua uaua kanohi: e rua o tika takirua me kotahi matahao. Ko pea ēnei uaua te tino nui-tere i roto i te tinana tangata. Mana te kaupapa o te karere 'Afio oculomotor. hono ia ki te pūnaha io o wha o nga uaua e ono kanohi mā te whakarato ratou ki tika mahi me nekehanga ruruku o nga kanohi. Ki te te io oculomotor, mo mea katoa take, mutu ki te mahi tika, kua whakahuatia te reira i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tohu: strabismus, ptosis rautau, ngā rua, mydriasis, disorders noho, protrusion kanohi.

Ko te pūnaha paruru o te kanohi

Tonu te kaupapa o tenei rōrahi, kia rite ki te hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer ataata, e kore e ki te whakahua i te pūnaha e tiaki i te reira. Kei te 'Afio e i roto i te kōhao wheua - te āmionga, i runga i te urunga e hikitia-ngongo o ngako, te wahi te humarie tiakina reira i te pānga.

I tua atu i te āmionga, i roto i te tinana paruru o te taputapu ngā kamo o runga me raro ki te eyelashes. tiaki ratou nga kanohi i te waho o ngā taonga. I tua atu, te āwhina i te kamo tohatoha ōrite i runga i te kanohi inu roimata i roto i e nekehia atu i te matūriki taupoki io meneti o te puehu kikimo. Tukemata, rawa, ki etahi whānuitanga i te mahi paruru, te tiaki o koutou kanohi i rerengia i tona rae ki te werawera.

I roto i te kokonga waho o runga o te repe lacrimal turanga kanohi kei. tiaki ratou ngaro, e whangainga ana me moisturizes te taupoki io, a hoki kua he mahi waipatu. inu i te taikaha i roto i nga manga tau mahani roimata ki te kōhao nasal.

Tonu, me te oti ngā mōhiohio

ngā kaiwhakahaere analyzer wehea o te rua o nga raru whatu e haere i roto i o ratou turanga i roto i te kōhao cranial me ngā te takere motuhake, hanga he wahi whakawhiti atu chiasma ranei. Images i te pae tino (waho) wāhanga o te etine noho i te taha kotahi, engari ki runga ki te kopere i roto - whiti, ka tuku ki te taha ki te ritenga atu o te roro. Ko te hua ko e te tika mara ataata tukatuka e te tuakoi maui, me te maui - matau. Ko e tika ana hoki te hanganga o te rōrahi o te whakapakoko ataata tenei īnaki.

I muri whiti te tari raru kaiwhakahaere tonu ki te wahi whatu. tomo Visual mōhiohio te wahi o te uho kaka o te roro, e te kawenga mō te tukanga i te reira. Kei te rohe taua i roto i te rohe kōpako. He haere mai te faafariuraa whakamutunga o te kōrero riro i roto i te sensation ataata. Ko te wahi pokapū o te analyzer ataata tenei.

Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer ataata ko e taua hara i runga i tetahi o ona wahi, ahakoa whakahaerenga mohio a ranei rohe tātari, i uta e kore o tona mahi rite te katoa. Ko reira tino pūkenga, pūnaha kikokore, me te tino tika.

Maumaui o te analyzer ataata - congenital riro ranei - i roto i te tahuri, arahi ki fifi nui i roto i te matauranga ka mooni me hauā.