Hea synthesized te rRNA. RRNA Ribosomal RNA: kiripuaki me te whakaahuatanga o te hanganga

Kua koiora rāpoi kua ako i te hanganga me te mahi o ngā rāpoi ngota waro e hanga ake pūtau ora o te tipu, kararehe, me te tangata. Nui i roto ia ratou i homai te he rōpū o ngā pūhui i huaina karihi (karihi) waikawa.

E rua ngā momo: deoxyribonucleic (DNA), me te ribonucleic. He maha ngā whakarerekētanga ki te whakamutunga: mRNA, tRNA ko rRNA, e rerekē i roto i to ratou mahi, me te wahi o te localization i te pūtau. i oti rawa ana tēnei tuhinga ki te ako o te pātai e whai ake nei: te wahi synthesized te rRNA i prokaryotic me ngā pūtau eukaryotic, he aha te mea tona hanganga, me te tikanga.

mōhiohio hītori

Ka taea te kitea te whakahua pūtaiao tuatahi o te waikawa ribosomal i roto i ngā rangahau e R. Weinberg me S. Penman i roto i te 60-doma o XX rau, e fakamatala'i he rāpoi ngota polynucleotide poto e pā ana ki te RNA, engari rerekē hanganga me te parataiao mokowā tau whakarea o te mōhiohio me te whakawhiti RNA. Nuinga o ngā wā, kua kitea e ratou muingota i te hanganga o te nucleolus, me organelles pūtau - ribosomes, kawenga hoki te kōtuitui o te pūmua pūtau. i huaina ratou ribosomal (Ribosomal tuipūmua).

Kiripuaki o te RNA

waikawa Ribonucleic, rite DNA, ko te polymer o e nga waetahi he nucleotides 4 momo: adenine, guanine, uracil me cytidine hono here phosphodiester i roto i rāpoi roa kotahi-paea, whiri ki te tōrino he matatini ake ranei conformation. He rua-paea Ribosomal RNA tupu i roto i wheori RNA me tārua hoki mahi DNA: te whakaū me te tuku o huru tuku.

E toru ngā momo o ngā waikawa kitea i roto i te pūtau tino maha he: he kopu, ranei ngā mōhiohio, RNA waka Ribosomal RNA, ki nei e piri waikawa amino, me te waikawa ribosomal, kei roto i te nucleolus me te cytoplasm o te pūtau.

RNA Ribosomal Ko āhua 80% o ngā waikawa ribonucleic i roto i te pūtau, me 60% o te papatipu o te ribosome - organelle, kōtuitanga pūmua pūtau. E synthesized nga momo katoa i runga (tuhi) i roto i etahi rohe o DNA, enei ira RNA. I roto i te ariā o te rāpoi ngota whai wāhi paru motuhake - RNA polymerase. Place i roto i te pūtau, te wahi synthesized rRNA te - ko te nucleolus, i te mea i runga i te matua karyoplasm.

Nucleolus, tona tūranga i roto i te ariā o

I roto i ngā pūtau ora, ka karanga huringa pūtau wehewehe i waenganui i ona wehenga - interphase. I tenei wa, i roto i te karihi pūtau tinana mātotoru hanganga potakataka i huaina nucleoli me ko te wāhanga faufaa o te huawhenua, me te kararehe pūtau e rua e pai kitea.

I roto i te koiora rāpoi, i kitea ai e nga nucleoli ko nga organelles te wahi synthesized rRNA te. arahina atu tūhuratanga ki te wahi kitea cytology o te DNA pūtau i roto i nei e kawenga mō te hanganga me te ariā o te waikawa ribosomal i kitea ira. i huaina ratou kaiwhakahaere nucleolar.

kaiwhakahaere nucleolus

Whakatika ki te 60-doma o te rau tau XX i roto i te koiora i te whakaaro e te kaiwhakahaere nucleolus, kei runga i te pae o te constriction tuarua i roto i 13, 14, 15, 21 me te 22 o pūira takirua, kua te ahua o te pae kotahi. Kua kitea kairangahau whai wāhi i roto i te ako o te kino pūira, ka karanga hape, e hanga e te wa pūira āputa i te pae o te constriction tuarua te nucleoli i ia o ona wahi.

Ko te kupu, e taea te kī i te whai ake: ngā kaiwhakahaere nucleolus o kore tetahi engari e rave rahi te huanui (ira) te kawenga mō te hanganga o te nucleolus. Te reira i reira synthesized rRNA Ribosomal RNA hanga organelles pūtau subunit pūmua-synthesizing - ribosomes.

He aha te mea he ribosome?

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, katoa e toru ngā momo matua o RNA te tīariari i roto i te pūtau, te wahi e synthesized ratou i roto i etahi wāhi - ira DNA. Ko te hua ribosomal RNA puka tuhi complexes ki pūmua - RNPs o e ngā te wāhi o organelles heke mai, subunits pera-ka karanga. Na roto i kōputaputa i roto i te membrane karihi ki te cytoplasm, neke ratou, ka hanga i te hanganga amui reira, kei te muingota, me te tonu-RNA me t-RNA, ka karanga polysomes.

Ribosome ai ratou kia wehea e te mahi o ngā katote konupūmā me te tīariari i roto i te puka o subunits motuhake. puta tukanga taua Reverse i te compartments o te cytoplasm pūtau wahi puta tukanga translation - huihui rāpoi ngota pūmua pūtau. Ko te pūtau hohe atu inarā e rerengia ana pākia e reira, te atu kei reira ribosomes. Hei tauira, ngā pūtau wheua wheua, hepatocytes me kararehe whai tuaiwi tangata āhuatanga e te maha nui o enei organelles i roto i te cytoplasm.

Kia pehea te ira e whakawaeheretia rRNA?

I runga i te i mua, te hanganga, ngā momo me te mahi o ira rRNA whakawhirinaki i runga i te kaiwhakahaere nucleolar. E whakaritea ratou te huanui kei roto ira Tapa mo RNA ribosomal. O. Miller, whakahaere rangahau i roto i ngā pūtau ovogenesis newt, te huarahi whakapumautia mahi o enei ira. Mai i synthesized ratou kape o rRNA (pera-ka karanga transkriptanty tuatahi) kei roto e pā ana ki 13h103 nucleotides me te mea he whakarea te parataiao o 45 S. ka, puritia tenei ara iahiko te tukanga e maoa whakamutu puka e toru ngā rāpoi ngota o te p-RNA whakarea te parataiao o 5.8 S, 28 S, me 18 S.

Ko te tikanga o te hanganga o te p-RNA

Hoki mai ki ngā Miller i whakawakia te kōtuitui o RNA ribosomal ka whakakitea e te kaimahi DNA tauira nucleolar (kopu) mo te hanganga o te p-te RNA - transkriptanta. Ia kitea ano e te nui o te rāpoi ngota polymerase paru RNA tei runga i te maha o teeki waikawa ribosomal (i mua-rRNA), e kua hanga e. Katahi te matuatanga (tukatuka), me p-RNA rāpoi ngota timata herea tonu ki nga peptides, te hua ko te ribonucleoprotein - rauemi ribosome hanga.

Āhuatanga waikawa ribosomal i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic

He parau tumu noa, me te hanganga whānui o te tikanga mahi o ribosomes prokaryotic me kaiao karihi i tonu tsitomolekulyarnye rerekētanga. Ki te kitea ratou, whakamahia ako kairangahau he tikanga i huaina tātaritanga X-ray. I kitea te reira e te nui o te ribosome eukaryotic me i konei te p-RNA ngā roto reira, a nui whakarea te parataiao o 80 S. organelle, ngaro katote konupora, e taea te wehea ki e rua subunits ki tohu 60 S me 40 S. kei roto matūriki iti kotahi rāpoi ngota o te waikawa me te nui - e toru, i.e. pūtau nucleated roto i ribosomes, arā, o 4 polynucleotide waikawa helices e whai ake nei ngā āhuatanga: 28 s te RNA - 5 mano nucleotides, 18 s - 2 mano 5 s - 120 nucleotides, 5, .. 8 S - 160. ko te wahi i reira synthesized rRNA te i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic - he disintegrations nucleolus teka i roto i te karyoplasm karihi.

prokaryotes RNA Ribosomal

Haunga te p-RNA i roto i te pūtau nucleated, e tuhi kitakita waikawa ribonucleic ribosomal i runga i te wahi kōpeke o cytoplasm kei roto DNA me huaina nucleoid. Kei te reira i te ira rRNA. Whakaritenga, he āhuatanga whānui e taea te whakaatu e te tukanga hiki fo◊ou mōhiohio ki ira p-RNA i roto i te raupapa DNA o ribosomal kïnakitanga waikawa nucleotide ribonucleic ki nga ture o te waehere ira: nukleoitid adenine hāngai uracil, me guanine - cytosine.

R-RNA huakita i te taimaha rāpoi raro me āhuatanga iti atu i te pūtau nucleated. Ratou parataiao whakarea S 70, me nga subunits rua whai tohu 50 S me 30 S. Kei roto i te matūriki iti kotahi muingota o p-RNAs, a nui - e rua.

Ko te tūranga o te waikawa ribonucleic i roto i translation

Ko te mahi matua o rRNA ko ki te whakarato i tētahi tukanga o te biosynthesis o te pūmua pūtau - LIVE. Ko anake i roto i te aroaro o ribosomes kei roto rRNA. Hono tahi i roto i ngā rōpū, herea ratou ki te rāpoi ngota pītauira o te mōhiohio hanga te kaupapa here. Ki reira i te cytoplasm o ngā pūtau e tika ana waka rāpoi ngota ribosomal waikawa ribonucleic e mau ana waikawa amino e, kotahi i roto i polysomes e pā ana ki ia atu e te here peptide ki te hanga i te waerau - pūmua. Ko ia te tino nui ngā pūtau pūhui organic te mahi maha ngā mahi nui: hanga, waka, pūngao, pūmua whākōkī, te haumaru, me te tangata kē.

korenga i tenei tuhinga i te hanganga āhuatanga, me te whakaahuatanga o waikawa karihi ribosomal e organic biopolymers pūtau o ngā tipu, kararehe, me te tangata.