Heat engines: te parau tumu o te mahi, te ara iahiko pūrere

A feruri i engines wera, huarahi o te mahi o te parau tumu enei. I roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, me nga moana o te rāhui pūngao ā-taea te whakaaro mutunga. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaoti rapanga mahi, ehara i te mea nui. Me mohio te taputapu me te mahi parau tumu o te pūkaha wera i roto i te tikanga ki te pei i te lathes mahi. Me te tangata taua whakaaro e taea te mahi i te mahi whai hua.

engines Heat, nei mahi ka titiro tatou ki ko te tuatahi i runga i te ao. I roto i a ratou i reira ko te huringa o te pūngao ā-i roto i te ahua aunoa.

Āhuatanga o te pūkaha wera

He aha te mea te mahi o te parau tumu pūkaha wera? Poto e taea te māngai reira e te whakamātau ohie. Ki te te wai ringihia ngongo, kati te ngongo, kawea ki te kohuatia, ka rere i te reira. Ko te take mō te mokowhiti iho te plug ko o te mahi i roto o te korohū. tahi ana te tukanga e tahuri pūngao ā-ki nekeneke puru uara takirua. engines Heat, tona mahi he rite ki taua whakamātau whakaahuatia, hanganga rerekē. Engari o te whakamahi i te ngongo whakarewa rango. whakakapi puru te kōkeke, e takoto tata ki te taiepa, neke haere te puoto.

kaupae hātepe

He aha te mea te mahi o te parau tumu pūkaha wera? Grade 10 Ka whakaaro te mea i mau haapiiraa ahupūngao. eé pūkaha Heat karanga tikanga, te wahi i reira he he faafariuraa wahie pūngao ā-ki titiro aunoa.

Hei hanga i te mahi pūkaha whai hua, te rerekētanga pēhanga i runga i ngā taha e rua o te kōkeke mīhini huri hiko ranei matatahi kaha ki te kia hanga. Hei whakatutuki i taua rerekētanga pēhanga puta mahi hua pāmahana wai o mano nekehanga i roto i te rite ki te toharite o tona taiao. puta pāmahana ara taua i roto i te tukanga ngingiha.

rerekētanga o te pāmahana

waka hou katoa emit te mahana i te wai mahi. E huaina ratou hau e puta ana i roto i te tukanga o whakawhänui te mahi whai hua. Initial pāmahana, denoted e T1, riro te reira i roto i te kōhua o te mihini mīhini huri hiko ranei. huaina ana tēnei taupū ko te pāmahana whakamahana. I roto i te tukanga o te mahi mahi ko te mate māmālie o te pūngao o te hau. arata'i tenei ki te tautauā mooni o te inu mahi ki te tetahi T2 taupū. kia te uara pāmahana i raro i te taupū taiao ambient, te kore e whai i te pēhanga hau he auau iti atu i te pēhanga kōhauhau, a kore e kia hanga mahi pūkaha.

Tohu T2 Ko te pāmahana o te pouaka. E ohipa te reira te huru i te taputapu motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō te meangiti me te tōtā te te mamaoa pau ranei.

te tahi mau meka

Ko te kupu, e kore engines wera, te parau tumu whakahaere o i hāngai te i runga i te roha o te inu mahi he taea ki te hoatu ki te mahi i te mahi te pūngao i roto katoa. I roto i tetahi take, ka etahi wera kia whakawhiti ki te kōhauhau (pouaka) tahi ki te steam hau whakapau ranei mīhini huri hiko pau ranei engines parariraa ā-.

Ko te tōtika o engines wera

He aha te mea te parau tumu whakahaere o te pūkaha wera? kakama waiariki o te pūkaha tei runga i te nui o te mahi whai hua i mahi e te hau. Hoatu e he e taea ki te whakaahua ke tino te pūngao ā-ki te mahi te pūkaha wera, he reira taea ki te whakamārama i te irreversibility o ngā tukanga māori, me te ari. I roto i taua take, ki te te hoki noa kitea o te wera i te whakamahana ki te makariri, te pūngao ā-i roto i te mata tonu e puta ki te mahi whai hua i te tikanga o te pūkaha wera.

Kakama ko te ōwehenga o te mahi whai hua i mahi e te pūkaha parariraa ā-, ki te nui o te wera whakawhiti e te ki te pouaka. I roto i te ahupūngao, te nuinga o te wā faaite tenei uara rite te ōrau. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te pūkaha wera tenei. Taraiwa Ko reira mārama, me te ngāwari, ara te kura nui ākonga he wātea. Ko te ture o thermodynamics kia taea reira ki te kawe i roto i tātaitanga o te tōtika mōrahi.

Ko te tenenga Ko te pūkaha wera

Ko te ihi o te mīhini tuatahi te whakamahi i te wera ka Sadi Carnot. whakawhanakehia e ia te motokā tino i roto i nei i te hau pai ko te tinana mahi. I tua atu, ko te pūtaiao taea whakatau i te auau tōtika mo taua pūrere te whakamahi i te uara o te pāmahana o te pouaka me te whakamahana.

Carnot taea ki te whakatau i te hononga i waenganui i te mīhini waiariki tūturu mahi i runga i te pūtake o te whakamahana, me te mātao, e mahi rite rangi condenser ranei. Na roto i te tātai pāngarau whakaarohia e Karnaugh ki tona pūkaha wera pai tuatahi i whakaritea e te tōtika mōrahi. I waenganui i te pāmahana o te whakamahana me te pouaka i reira ko te here tika.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tika mahi mīhini, e kore e waiho e iti iho i te taupū o te rangi a tawhio noa te pāmahana. Ki te hiahiatia, e taea te nui haere te pāmahana whakamahana, i waho wareware e ia te tinana mārō he tetahi resistance wera. Ka rite ki te para ngaro reira tona elasticity, a ka tae te reira i te pāmahana rewa tika rewa. Nā ki innovations e tutuki i roto i te ahumahi engineering hou, i reira te mea he hua äta i roto i te pūkaha tōtika waiariki. Hei tauira, heke reira te waku i waenganui i nga wahi takitahi e whakakorea mate puta tika ki parariraa wahie pahara.

pūkaha ngingiha ā-

Ko te pūkaha wera i roto i i whakamahia i te inu mahi te hau pāmahana teitei whakaputaina i roto i te ngingiha o ngā momo rerekē o te wahie i roto i te ruma. E wha huringa i roto i te pūkaha pereoo. I roto i ka huaina nga wahi Pākēha te horomanga me whakapau vaolo, parariraa ruma, kōkeke, rango, korakora mono, tūhono tokotoko, me te tōhito.

mutunga

I tēnei wā, te whakamahi i ngā momo o engines automotive: diesel, hāhira. Ahakoa te rerekētanga i roto i te wahie whakamahia, he rite i roto i te parau tumu ratou. Hoki utu pūngao waiariki hanga i roto i parariraa o penehīni, i reira te mea he faafariuraa pūngao waiariki ki puka tetahi.

I te wā tuatahi i reira ko te kaupapa maeneene o te tukanga piha iho e wahi mā te whakakī i te ranunga o te ruma mahi. I te mutunga o te patunga tuatahi kati te piha horomanga. I tua atu, neke upwardly te kōkeke, kōpeke te ranunga mahi te. Korakora i roto i te plug mura arata'i ki te pātīmata o te ranunga wahie. Ko te pēhanga ka puta i te rua o te rangi, me te penehīni ki te kōkeke, arahi ki tona kaupapa whakararo noa, na ka karanga karaka "mahi patu". whakaratohia te kaupapa o te kawau hake te. I roto i te wha o nga wā ka tuwhera te piha whakapau, e te pana wahi i roto i te huru o te hau whakapau.