Ibrahim Hannibal: biography, ngā meka, whakaahua

Ko te take i ko te Tsar Pita ahau i te marae, "kiriweti", e matau katoa. Kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te pukapuka tuhinga, e kī e te Pushkin nui ko ko he mono o te tini i runga i tona aho. I tua atu, tahuti ore te rohipehe te ingoa o tona tipuna maere tuhituhi te pukapuka, e tika ana "Arap Petra te nui." ko tona ingoa Ibrahim Hannibal.

biography

A, no te i roto i te 1697 i reira ko te tama iwa, kahore ara whakaaro i roto i te rangatira Abyssinian whānau kotahi, he aha he iku'anga faahiahia rite hoki ia ora. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ka tonoa te tamaiti ki Constantinople, ki te marae o te Turkish Sultan rite te taiva ore purutia o tona iwi. He te te te hanga pā Russian heke mai Hannibal Aperama Petrovich i he pononga i roto i te seraglio. whakaaro nga kōrero te putanga tino reka. Ahakoa te takenga tangohia ake o "kiriweti" a Pita, e mohiotia ana ko Ibrahim Hannibal, tautohetohe tonu me hītori me kaimātai ahurea. i titiro Ahakoa te kaituhi Vladimir Nabokov mo te whare pono o te-koroua nui o Pushkin. Ko ia te tangata e te whakaaro e Gannibal Aperama Petrovich, tona haurongo poto - te reira noa te kōrero mea whakaaro e ia, i te tupono noa i hanga i roto i te ana'iraa Russia me tūranga i roto i te hapori. Ka tae te wahi etahi i roto i te marae, "kiriweti" whakaaro hoki ia he rakau whānau pai. Ahakoa mau, ko Ibrahim Hannibal te tamaiti tino noa, me te rootless ka tahaetia nei, i roto i Cameroon, kawea slavers ki Turkey, te wahi i hokona atu ai ki te ariki nui i roto i te seraglio.

Russia - he kāinga tuarua

E ai ki tetahi atu putanga, ko reira te wa Kingi Pita, ko wai i tino aroha o katoa o pākiki, faaoti ki te whakaki ake te kohinga he ara rawa taketake. I taua wa, i whakawhānuitia ahua o Europe i ki tonu ki te "tamaiti mangu". tamaiti pango Ataahua kakahu i roto i ngā kākahu nui te ngira, tata katoa pōro hakari ranei rangatira, me te ara te taviniraa kingi i hanahana. Ko te aha ka Pita tono rawa ki a ia, ka kitea "arapchonka". Ko tenei mahi i roto i te iari whakatakotoria i runga i te karere Russian i roto i Constantinople. haere ia ki ngā hononga akoranga katoa i ko i te marae Turkish. A i hokona ai e Ibrahim Hannibal, nei haurongo kua puta ke tino mai na.

Te neke ki te marae Russian

Ko te kupu ka timata tetahi haere o te tamaiti iti pango i roto i te tawhiti me te matao ki te noho whenua wera o St Petersburg. pai Petru Skitalets rawa tona ngakau ora, whakamoemiti te kingi tona wawetanga, me "te huru ki ngā pūtaiao." He iti tupu ake, ka anga Ibrahim Hannibal ki te tākaro i te tūranga e kore anake o te pononga me te kingi Russian valet, engari ara tona kaituhituhi. Tae noa 1716 Arap, te wa katoa te ki te kingi āta ka tona tino, me tenei ahakoa te meka e te marae Russian reira i tokomaha atu pononga pango.

te ora hou

No miharo ite ahau Pita te nui. I whakaaro nui i roto i tata nga mea katoa ia, ara i roto i ona eccentricities faaiteraa. Te iteraa i roto i te "tamaiti mangu" maramarama, me te uaua nui, faaoti te kingi ki te unga ratou hekeretari pakari i roto i Paris, na ako ia pūtaiao hōia. I taua wa i roto i Europa, i runga i nga whakahau o Pita whakahaua te rota o boyars, tama a te hanahana ranei - "greenhorns" kihai nei i pai ki te ako i tetahi mea, maha i roto i te tua ki "peu" tangata kakai ranei te kore e kore e whai wāhi i roto i nga whenua tāwāhi. Ibrahim Hannibal hoki i tonoa mai ki a Europe e Pita, me te mea i roto i te pohehe o enei kikino o rangatira. hiahia e te kingi ki te whakamatau ki a ratou e ka e taea ki te hanga i te tangata haapiihia mahi pakeke me te itoito i roto i te pūtaiao, ara i tenei mohoao Awherika - he Statesman.

A kihai i hape Pita: te kuao "arapchonok" tutaki nga tūmanako o te ripeka. Mai i tenei i runga i, ko tona ingoa Gannibal Aperama Petrovich. Whanau godson fo'ou o te Emepara i roto i ngā tuhinga katoa tohua conventionally - 1697. Patronymic "Petrovich" riro ia mo Pita ahau, e iriiria fakatāutaha ia. I te Kooti Russian "arapchonok" ohi i te whakapono Karaitiana, ko ia he ingoa Bibilia - Aperahama, mahue he ingoa Hannibal i te honore o te toa o nga Roma me te rangatira Carthaginian rongonui. I roto i tenei katoa, i kite hītori tetahi atu o te whakaaro nui Pita: hiahia te kingi ana mea tino taitamariki e nui nga mea.

whakangungu

Mai i Russia Gannibal Aperama Petrovich, tona haurongo he ke tino i teie nei, ka haere ahau ki te pukapuka i Pita ahau iho ki te Duke de Menou. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te whanaunga o Louis XV, a whakahau te katoa o te pū kingi. I roto i tona godson he tika Hiha. tangata Young pakeke ako ia te pāngarau, me te engineering, ako ballistics me pā. puta ia i whakangungu hōia i roto i te ana'iraa o te pū rangatira. "Practice" i puritia ai i roto i te whawhai Spanish, te wahi whakakitea ia itoito faahiahia a i ara whara.

mahi wawe

Tenei huarahi ki te ako i ïa te meka e hiahia te tsar Russian kia kite i roto i mōkai. ka ui a Pita tona mōkai hoki ki Russia, engari Ibrahim Hannibal, katoa o te ohorere "raru" i roto i Paris. Kei te hohonu City o te aroha whakamarie, a manukawhakitia reira ki te whatunga. Ano, he pango ataahua ataahua "kua kanohi" moea e te Tuhinga ruhiruhia. whakapohehe ia Ibrahim, whawhai ratou he romance tukauati, e nui tokomaha ohorere i roto i te ao Parisian. Ano, tata mutu te kōrero i roto i te take. Te Tuhinga, ka hapu, a ka whanau. Na, ka rite ki ai e tūmanakohia, i whanau ai ... he tamaiti pango. Ngaro ana te take i runga, ahakoa ki te uaua. Tane reira - te kauwhata e kore e e whakapae o haavareraa wahine, i te wa o te whanau i tonoa atu, a hei utu o te mangu ki te hoatu pouraka ma, hokona i etahi utuafare rawakore. Tenei koati taua tukua "i roto i te ringa pai" i runga i te mātauranga.

pango kai "arapchonka"

Hea haere mai te reira i, ngaro Ibrahim Hannibal? He aha i tino o te tangata ora, na ta'e'amanekina puta ake i roto i te hītori o Russia? Me mea e ahau e kore ko e te ara i whakaahuatia ai i roto i tona kaiwhakahaere kiriata Mitt. Me pēhea te ki te mau titiro Gannibal Aperama Petrovich? Sioloto atu i te reira, no te mau tumu kitea, e kore e te tīariari, engari i roto i te Paris National Museum reira ko te portrait, e maha nei pēnei ki godson taitamariki Velikogo Petra. Ko te tikanga, kāpehu, he tangata i roto i mea ngaro maha. Hei timata ki, te kaitoi nei i hanga te portrait, i whanau ma whitu nga tau i muri i te matenga o Ibrahim, na kihai i taea e ia te kite i te taketake.

I tua atu, e kore tetahi tangata e mohio te mea i tupu ki te matamua-whanau o godson o te kingi, nana nei i whanau ki te Tuhinga. Ahakoa Pushkin ki te tiaki kohikohi mōhiohio nui e pā ana ki to ratou tupuna mīharo, tuhituhia ana e ia nga kupu o tona teina. Na reira, he mea hoki etahi ki te mea ahakoa i te tamaiti i te tenenga o Alexander ranei, taea. Kotahi te mea he etahi, Ibrahim Petrovich ko kahore rīpene whero me kahore remu whai. Tona mahi, ko te atu mahi minita āwangawanga me te torona.

Piki me ngā heke

E hoki ki Russia, mirimiria ana e ia a Pita, te tangata taitamariki rawa tuku tona mahi. tonu ia i te reira i muri i te matenga o te ripeka. ora Tapeke Ibrahim Hannibal fetaulaki'anga Russian whitu me empresses. Te whawhai kore ia i. I roto i tona ora, godson o Pita hanga nga kahui, taumaihi me arsenals, arahina nga mahi pā i roto i te maha whare rongonui rite te Petrine me era postpetrovskoy, tae atu Kronstadt ko Paora pourewa.
I roto i tona ora, Gannibal Aperama Petrovich, nei uri kohikohi tonu rauemi e pā ana ki a ia, a ka kite i te ingoa kino, a tae noa whakarau poto i roto i Siberia. Otiia ko matara ia tonu i te iari ki te hanga. A, no te hoki mai ia i te whakarau, kotahi ano te whakahaere ia ki te riro te ana'iraa me te taonga. Ko te tihi o tona mahi, tae godson o Pita te Empress Elizabeth. I te 1759 ka whakawhiwhia ia te ana'iraa rawa hōia o General-i roto i-Tumuaki, ko Alexander rīpene i runga i te pouaka. Mai taua wa, ka ia arahi te Corps o Engineers i raro i te kingi. he aro mātai teitei taua o ona whakatutukitanga i runga i te Empress ko Gannibal Aperama Petrovich.

whānau

ora Whaiaro ko reira matara i maeneene, me te noa. Alien whanaunga hauwarea, ka haere ia ki te marena rite te tikanga mahi - hoki te whakaaro o te fakatupú. A, no te Ibrahim Hannibal i 1731-m ngā faaipoiporaa tuatahi, kore taha ia ko Pita. i whiriwhiria Moor tetahi o te Dioper Kariki tuatahi - te tamahine o te rangatira o te kaipuke e hoehoea. Matua ia taumautia Evdokia hoki ia, ahakoa ko ia he mangu te tane, engari i roto i nga rarangi, me te taonga. Ko e kore hoki te oaoa utuafare koa roa Gannibal Aperama Petrovich. Tana wahine aroha tetahi. ka haere ia ki raro i te aroa me ki tona i pai ai, e te whakahau a tona papa. i whiriwhiri tetahi o tona ngakau Rūtene Kaysarovich ia ngana i te aroha. I roto i te faaipoiporaa, ko ia oaoa, me te, pera i taea e ia, utu tana tane te pango. I maoro Hannibal, ka riro "pai" ti'araa, a oho ana hapu ki te pa o Pernau. tika mutu Rā Evdokia ko Kaysarovicha, engari hohoro ia i kitea he aroha hou - te kuao pēne Yakov Shishkov. Na hohoro ka hapu tana wahine. I titiro Hannibal atu ki tana tama, engari i whanau kotiro ma. A ahakoa tupu ano tenei i roto i te take o te mau faaipoiporaa whakauru, Heoi ko te riri i te tane. Ia whiua kurua tana wahine. Ano, i kohukohu ki kihai i Ibrahim mutu: kaituku herehere i hanga ki te ruma akau. Puta Evdokia tona ora i roto i te ohu whakapono.

kihai i Ibrahim noho anake. Aita i maoro roa i taumautia tona wahine marena hou hou. Tenei wa ko reira te Tiamana Christina von Shaberg. Ka rite ki te tamahine o te rangatira o te hoia Pernovskogo, kua whakaaro ia ki te hei i te-tupuna nui o Pushkin - he rohi pehe, i konatunatua nei Awherika, toto Russian, me te Tiamana. I roto i 1736-m mana marenatia Ibrahim Hannibal tuarua wā. Heoi, ko reira tonu e kore e taea ki te puta i te whakarere ki Evdokia, na te tau torutoru, ko Ibrahim Petrovich he bigamist. tona tūranga tiketike anake whakaaetia ki te karo i te penei me, o te akoranga, e pā ana te raruraru ki reira. I te pae hopea, te whakarere ki a Evdokia i taea ki te puta anake i muri i whitu nga tau ia - i roto i te 1753.

uri

Ibrahim te faaipoiporaa ki Christina i tino roa, me te āna. i ratou tokowha nga tamahine a rima tama. Gannibal Aperama Petrovich, nei tamariki i rānei mangu ranei rawa pouri, a ko te hari i roto i tona faaipoiporaa tuarua. Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua - te mokopuna - riro āta tae kiri Pākehā me ngā āhuatanga kanohi Tiamana. Ko te tikanga, tuku he ranunga o Awherika me matao stinging o te toto German hua maere. I roto i nga tama o Hannibal i hate, me te puru-kanohi, ranei, ranei pango-kanohi me te pouri-kiri. Ko tētahi o ana tama - Osip - mahi ia i roto i te Navy. marenatia e ia te tamahine o te kawana Tambov. Mai i whanau tenei faaipoiporaa i te tamahine ahakoa - tumanako e i roto i te marama o te īngoa "ataahua Creole." i ia makawe pouri me kanohi, me te nikau kōwhai - he tohu o ira Awherika. I roto i 1796 "ataahua Creole" moea e te rūtene haehaa Izmailovskii Sergeya Lvovicha Pushkina wiki, me i roto i 1799 i ratou he tama - Alexander, te rohipehe nui heke mai, ko tona koroua ko Gannibal Aperama Petrovich.

meka ngā

Kei te mohiotia te reira mo te whai nui ki te whanaketanga o tana Pita potato godson i roto i to tatou whenua. Tuatahi nga moenga ki te rīwai, kia rite ki te mea i mohiotia ai, puta i Russia i te Hiha tuatahi. Petr Veliky Kei te tipu haere tenei tikanga i roto i Strelna, tumanako ki te whakamahi i te reira, ano he rakau rongoā. Catherine II te taua, whakaaro e taea te whakamahi "aporo mea oneone" i roto i te tau kikokore, tukua ki a Hannibal, ko wai e mōhio ki tenei whakato, ngana ki te mahi i te tupuranga rīwai i te kikī. Quinta "Suyda", puritia e Ibrahim, ko te wahi tuatahi i runga i te oneone Russian, e tuatahi puta i nga mara iti, me te ka tuatahi nui whakatokia ki tenei hua. tuhituhi Ibrahim Hannibal ana tohinoa, me i Wīwī, engari kua ngaro ia ratou i te pito o tona ora.

He aha i rerekē ko tona huru ki te pa. I roto i te 1743, ka tukua e ia ki runga i wahi o to ratou kainga i huaina Ragoli Rentals whakamārama Tirenu, ngā ia i roto i te kirimana etahi mīharo mō ngā o te wā, pērā i opani whiu kāpara i roto i te pā ana ki te peasants, te hua i roto i tāuta i mua i te ture o te serfdom, a na i runga i. D. A ka wahia ratou te ahorangi, poroa Hannibal te kawenata i roto i te marae. Kua meinga e te tukanga whakama i roto i kaipupuri whenua rohe, e, i roto i to ratou tirohanga, kia kua i kitea whakamārama he Tyrena e i raro i te ture ā-rohe e kore e whakaaro. whakahaere Aperama Hannibal ki riro i te tukanga, engari i roto i te meka i reira peasants Estonian. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te serfdom i Russia kaiwhakarëti hāmenetia hoki te mea whiua ia, ka whiu i nga peasants, kihai ano i hopohopo ki te tikanga whakapumautia o serfdom.

Mohoa noa nei, te haurongo o Hannibal ko te rota o unknown. Ko te putanga iho o tona takenga me te wahi o te whanau hono kāinga Pita Moor ki Abyssinia - raki o Etiopia. Ko rangahau tata e a Sorbonne paetahi Beninese Slavic Dieudonné Gnammank, kaituhi o "Aperama Hannibal", tautuhi reira rite te whare o te rohe hou o Chad me Cameroon. He kotahi ko te sultanate Logon iwi Kotoko. A e ko te uri o taua ao, kia rite ki te kaituhi, a ko Hannibal.

Whakamutunga o te ora

Te nuinga o nga uri o te godson o Pita nga whakatupuranga tuatahi, me te tuarua - roa-ate. te kaiwhakarewa o ingoa tenei nui mate ia i te tau o waru tekau-rima, e rua nga marama i muri i te matenga o tana wahine taiva ore, Christine. haere mai e ia i roto i te 1761 i roto i te whakatā, pau te toenga o te ora i roto i tetahi o nga whenua maha i roto i te tūmataiti katoa.