Izhevsk wheketere motopaika: hua, whakaahua, hoapā

motopaika huritau Day - 29 August. I roto i te 1885 i tenei ra kua whakamatauria te mataaro pūkaha Tiamana, me te tohunga, Gottlieb Daymer, tona tenenga o te pūkaha penehīni. Te hoahoa, kua oti nei te tāuta te pūkaha tauira ko te rua-moana, me te oho te taahi. Ko te kupu i whakaaro te motopaika.

I roto i Russia, timata te wā o huira i muri. kua Izhevsk motopaika wheketere kua te rangatira i roto i tona ahumahi. Rongonui tauira o huira , a taea inaianei te kitea i roto i nga pa, me te kainga o te whenua. whānuitanga nui, te kaha ki te hanga mo'oni "i runga i te turi" i roto i tetahi karati, mahi nui, iti utu - pā o te huira waitohu kia nostalgically iz ki te whakarārangi i te painga, me te kitea take hou mo te whakaoranga o te production.

Ko te tauira tuatahi

timata Nganatanga ki te waihanga i tētahi motopaika ritenga i roto i Russia noa i mua i te revolution, i roto i te 1913-14 tau. whakaritea te reira ki te kohikohi marama i te tauira Swiss o ngā wāhanga i runga i te pūtake o "tauira toa" wheketere (Moscow). whakaaro te reira ki te whakangaro i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, a i muri i te revolution 1917. Te ngana i muri, angitu atu, i hanga i roto i te tau 1924 i raro i te mana o Design Bureau PN Lviv. i Engineers taea ki te hoahoa me te hua i roto i te tau 1925 tauira motopaika Kōmāmā, ka karanga i te reira "te Union".

i ahu whakamua te reira, i te wa te hoahoa, te painga matua o te maitai displacement 500 mita pūtoru me te puna whakatārewatanga i runga i te wira muri. production Mass kihai i aru, kua haere te tauira etahi whakamātautau me i roto i tenei take, ko te runga, no te mea kua whakarerekētia te kōtaha o "tauira toa" tipu. Ki te hoahoa me te whakarewa i te hanga o huira o rama kāinga muri i roto i te tau 1928. Ko te pūtake mo te tāutanga o te kaha ka Izhstalzavod. whakawhanakehia matou te motopaika tuatahi i roto i te Tari rawa rawe o motopaika, ko te rangatira kaipūkaha me te matenga o nei te kaihoahoa rongonui Pita Mozharov.

Tīmata i te runga e rima

ko P. Mozharov i te aroha ki huira, a ka whakatutehu taketake Izhevsk i roto i huira, papanga Tiamana. I roto i tona tāpaetanga ki Izhstalzavode awheawhe i whakatuwheratia, a i roto i te tika tau kotahi i hanga reira 5 huira tamataraa IL. Kua whakamatauria, ka rite hoki te oma o te hiranga katoa-Uniana katoa o ratou. Ko te tuatahi motopaika Soviet IL-1 kite te ao i runga i Mahuru 17 i roto i te 1929, paunatia 300 kirokaramu. Whakatauira ngā āhuatanga koa, me te o te huira tuatahi:

• IL-1 me IL-2. I hanga te reira ki te haere i runga i nga rori uaua o te whenua. I roto i te taputapu - i roto i-aho engine ki e rua ipurau, anga maitai, tika tiketike, terenga tuku ā-ringa o ngā wāhanga whakarewa hanga odnobrusnaya anga waho, ko te tāpiri nui te marama kanapa, me kua etahi innovations. IL-2 tauira - he fakaeonopooni IL-1. Otiia i roto i te mutunga o te motopaika tuatahi ko tetahi atu painga, nui hoki te whenua i reira i raruraru he waka tūmataiti. I IL-1 taea haere wha pāhihi, e rua i runga i te motopaika me e rua i roto i te stroller.
• IL-3. Ko te painga matua o tenei tauira ko te "Wanderer" pūkaha waitohu nei kawau hake ko transversely. whakanohoia Drive nekehanga o te wira muri (mekameka) i roto i te marae hiri ki tonu i te hinu.
• IL-4. I rite rawa te reira ki te pūkaha e rua-patunga ki te tohu rango kotahi "aukati" e peia wira muri take. Ko tenei tauira te māmā i roto i te tihi rima.
• IL-5, ranei "hanganga." Ko te hoahoa e whakamahia wae motopaika tohu "Nienitā" i atu whakawhanakehia e te marau mua, ka puta ke te anga tauira.

Whakamātautau i runga i te ara

ka mau wahi te whakaaturanga i runga i te motopaika Motocross Union i 1929. I tū te whakataetae mō te wa tuarua i roto i tona hītori. pai hinga IL huira te ara i roto i 3300 kiromita, ka ko ki te pei i Izhevsk ki Moscow taea. I muri i te hua o te whakataetae, kua te tauira IL-4 Kua tūtohutia i roto i te production papatipu. Ko, "Izhstalzavod" no te mea o te mahi i taea ki te tīmata production rangatū. tahi ki te rōpū o kaihoahoa oho Mozharov ki Leningrad, te wahi i timata ai ia te mahi i runga i te hanganga o te marama motopaika waitohu L-300.

production rangatū ki mu'a '

Tae noa kihai i nga thirties o production motopaika papatipu i roto i te USSR, engari te pātai o te ripa Kamupene whakaaro. Hoki e hiahiatia ana huira production rangatū i kore anake tipu whakaminenga me te wheketere i reira hangaia nga wahi katoa, taputapu, te wahi i reira he kaha o ngā kaimahi ki te akakoromaki i raruraru i ngā taumata katoa. hanga te whakatau i roto i te manakohia o Izhevsk, te wahi, ka meinga e ia pū wheketere Berezina te pūtake hoki i kei te kamupene hou. Izhevsk motopaika wheketere i huaina tuatahi wheketere motopaika mātanga.

Tuatahi whakaritea ki te tuku "Nāti - A-750" (putanga taimaha). whakarārangitia Ko tōna mahi i engine V-āhua ki rua ipurau, engine 747 poraka ko TDP 15 hp I whakaputaina te tauira tuatahi e whā o tenei tauira mo te hararei o te rā o Mei 1933. I roto i te whakarara ki te tauira motopaika taimaha hua e rave rahi tauira o maamaá IL-7. Ka rite ki te hua, i whakaaetia motopaika production rangatū he tauira ngāwari, engari ki te huringa nui e kua hiahiatia i roto i te whawhai mo te "whakaiti o te mahi." Ko te putanga whakamutunga o te tauira o IL-7 ngaro nga papa kātua, kua te mana kātere kua whakakapi e te soté rotatable kua hanga ki te faaohie me etahi atu.

I roto i te 1933, whakaputaina Izhevsk motopaika wheketere 111 waka. i nui haere Rates o tuku, i te wa ano i te mahi o te pokapū, hoahoa i reira i whakawhanakehia tauira hou kua ka hou mea tīariari. I roto i te 1938, tīmata ai te hanga o te motopaika IL-8 engine ki 300 mita pūtoru. taputapu Power nui haere ki te 8 horsepower.

I roto i te 1940, tīmata Izhevsk motopaika hanga tipu o te tauira IL-9. Ko kē 9 horsepower te kaha mahi o te mīhini. I roto i te whakarara, timata mahi i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te tauira IL-12, i hāngai i runga i te tauira o te A-8, whakawhanakehia e te Leningrad Design Bureau. whakaritea te reira ki te tīmata production papatipu i roto i te 1941, engari wahia te whawhai i roto i.

Ko te pakaruhanga pou-pakanga

I roto i whawhai Kua Izhevsk motopaika wheketere kua arotahi ki runga i te take o ngā pū mīhini me ringa iti. timata tata tonu anō o motopaika i muri i te wikitoria i roto i te tau 1946. E ai ki te ture i runga i reparations i Germany tukua ki Izhevsk pikitia me te taputapu o wheketere German, i hoatu he hiringa kaha ki te whanaketanga. hanga te hinonga kua he tari hoahoa hou, a ka timata taka mo te hanga o te tauira hou o te motopaika IL-350, e hāngai ana i runga i te hoahoa i whakatakotoria tauira Tiamana te DKW 350.

I takatū te tauira o te ahumahi German ki titauraa Soviet me taea o te tahi-ngā. Huihui motopaika IL timata i te wheketere ringa. Mai i tenei wāhi i runga i te motopaika wheketere Izhevsk i te Soviet Union meinga he rangatira i roto i te hanga o huira.

Utu me te kounga

Tae noa te mutunga o te 60raa, ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o te production, whakanohoia te aronga matua i runga i te hoahoa me te hanga o te tauira taputapu hākinakina, whakaturia te reo Izhevsk motopaika wheketere. Products, i puta mai i roto i te nekeneke, i roto i te tono i runga i rua i te mākete kāinga, me te ki waho. I roto i te 1946, ake te kamupene i te tauira pou-pakanga tuatahi o te motopaika. Hou te tauira ngaro tawhito tapawhā whakarara marau, i hangaia ai ki te whakakapi i te telescopic. Engine mana nui haere ki te 14 hp, kua oti te reira i nui huringa i roto i te whakatārewatanga. hoatu Ko tōna hoahoa hou te patunga ngawari me te uara i roto i te motini.

I roto i te wā o te rima tekau haere matou ki te hanga wha tauira motopaika hou. Ko te tuatahi i roto i te raupapa i tukua IL-49 motopaika. rite rawa te tauira i ki te pūkaha kotahi-rango ki te pūnaha tautauā rua, me te tamâraa, ake whakatārewatanga o te wira muri, te marau telescopic. tūranga e toru a Tere Tuku. i tino hoki te wikitoria atu-ara i roto i te whenua te pahikara. I tukua hoki IL-50, 54 me te 55 ka whakatika te mana o huira ki 18-19 horsepower.

Ko te wā pua o te stagnation

Mai 1966, ka anga matou ki te whakaputa i ngā tauira hou o paihikara huarahi i runga i te Izhevsk Motor Plant. I tua atu ki te āhuatanga hou i roto i te hangarau, ngā ingoa hou inaianei hei rongonui :. "IZH Planet" me "iz Jupiter" Motopaika "IZH Planet" whakaputaina i runga i te kaupapa o tauira o IL-56. Hoki kua he whānau hou o te motopaika wahie tank kua waihanga, whakarerekētia hoahoa nohoanga, te paki (mua, muri), te puta auahi.

"IL-Hupita" a ka hanga e hāngai ana i runga i IL-56 motopaika. Hoki kua te raupapa hou kua hangaia te engine tino hou ki te rua-rango, e rua-patunga ki rua- pūnaha rangi tautauā whakatangi. rite te ranunga mahi i roto i te Carburetor o te pūkaha, mura e te mura hiko i roto i te puoto. I hanga ano hoki te reira i tetahi atu tau nui o innovations.

Mai i 1971 ki te tau 1975 ka haere mai i te hinonga huira nekeneke huarahi tauira 'IZH Planeta-3 "," Jupiter IL-3 "," IZH Planeta Sport "," iz Jupiter 3k. " I tenei wāhi, kua te taputapu production kua i te taumata tiketike, me nga kaha o te hinonga tino nui haere. I roto i te tari hoahoa mahi i runga i ngā tauira hou, whakapai ake i roto i te tuku iho "izhey" puta tere, pānga te wheako me ngā āheinga o te wheketere nui. Ētahi tauira o huira i whakawhiwhia te tohu kounga atu motopaika whakakake wheketere Izhevsk. wahi e manawapa mō tauira katoa o te taputapu i wātea nga wahi katoa puta noa i te whenua.

Motopaika "IZH Hupita" e rima tauira ki huinga rerekē o huru maitatai, ka te tau nui o akatuke'anga te motopaika "IZH Hupita - 5", i reira i 22 ingoa. i "IZH Planeta" tauira e rima kōwhiringa, ko te tauira tino rongonui te motopaika "IZH Planeta Sport".

Tae noa nga 2000,

Na roto i te tīmatanga o te 80 i hoatu te kamupene ki te mahi i te whare production tino aunoa hou. Ko tōna kaha tuku tata i 450 mano taranata. Motorcycles te tau. I roto i 1981-82. Te tipu hua huira tauira 'IZH Jupiter - 4 "me" IL Planet -4 ". I roto i te 1985, tīmata production i roto i te tauira 'IZH Jupiter - 5 ", me i 1987 whakaputaina te motopaika" IZH Planet - 5 ". Hoki tenei tauira i whakawhanakehia waihanga anō i te titiro, me te pūkaha kaha o 22 l e. he. Taimi nounou ko ahua hou i runga i huira katoa hua IL.

Tae noa ki te tīmatanga o nga 90 hangaia te Hoahoa Bureau takoto he hāngai whanaketanga tauira motopaika hou engine Japanese Henare-550. i huaina Technique ko "Tautoru", "Marathon", ngā "kaikōkiri" tauira āhuatanga hangarau matatau, hoahoa huatau, me i korero opuaraa nui i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa.

Mai i 1992 ki te 1996 i te huira wheketere Izhevsk hanga whanaketanga ahurei - iz utanga kōwae 9,604 me te taha GH IL tauaru 9,204. hangaia kōwae atu i ki kia tāuta i runga i tetahi tauira o te motopaika "Hupita" me "Planet". Hei whakaturia te kōwae utanga hiahiatia ki te tango i te wira muri o te motopaika me wehenga rokiroki haumaru kupu whiwhi Tricycle ūnga utanga.

No te tau toru (1995-1998 gg.) I roto i te wheketere whakawhanakehia engines hou, me te papu turai whaiaro-Priming. I te 1997 i hangaia te pahikara mo te waka o te taputapu ahi-whawhai IL 6,92001 me tauira utanga iz 6,920 GR. E te tau 2000 i te kamupene ua faaite te whanaketanga o te hoahoa motopaika hou i roto i te kāhua o te chopper (IZH 6.113-05), te taitara mahi - "Junker".

huringa

I roto i tona oraraa, Izhevsk Motor tua ki te tuku o huira whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o ngā hua hōia, me tae noa ki 1988 i takoto te muna i roto i te hinonga. Hunting raiwhara whakaputaina i te motopaika wheketere Izhevsk, mohiotia mai 1948, kua whakapumautia e ratou te hanga papatipu i muri i te mutunga o te pakanga. Kei te kaha te awe hanganga i te kōtaha o te production, whakaingoatia te kamupene i roto i te 1992 ki te kamupene kararehe tahi "Axion".

IZhmoto wheketere, whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o huira haere kaihau i roto i te tau 2008, a ka mana mothballed ake. Tata nei, ka anga nga pāpāho ki puta e pā ana ki te whakaputanga o kaipakihi Hainamana ki te whakahauora moni Izhevsk motopaika wheketere. whanaketanga Photo, kihai i riro te hanga tauine-tonu, te tauira hītori o te waka tuatahi, a ka hanga i tenei ra he ongo nui.

tumanako

I teie mahana, te toa, te wahi puta i mua huira, kau. E ai ki te iwi i taea ki te tiro i te turanga hanga o te kamupene nei kua noho he wāhi taiepa, te wahi i reira i kotahi Izhevsk motopaika wheketere. Hoapā he: Udmurdskaya Republic, Izhevsk, ul. Telegin, Building 30.

E ai ki te kātipa mōhiohio, Ltd. Izhevsk motopaika wheketere (Izhevsk) rave i roto i te hanga o huira, mopeds, paihikara paru me turairai. I roto i te 2014 ka haere mai te whakaputanga o te taea huira fanau'i sino IL. Ko te kaupapa hiahia i roto i Haina, i reira kua mau mana'o tauturu e ka tuu China i Udmurtia ake hanga o huira ka kōrero te taea o te whakaputa motopaika IL-7 raupapa, engari te ara mea he tenei ra, e kore e mohiotia ai.