Ka papare nonspecific me motuhake: tikanga, pērā

Ka papare - he kupu e hoki te nuinga o te iwi, ko te tata mīharo. Ko te meka e ia rauropi kua tona mōhiohio ira i rawe ki ki a ia anake, a reira wātea i te mate ki mate he rerekē tangata katoa.

Na he aha te mea te reira - te pūnaha ārai mate?

Pono, te tangata nei he mōhio ki te marautanga kura i roto i te koiora, he pā ana ki taua mate - ko te kaha o te tinana ki te tiaki i iho i ke katoa, i te, te tu atu te mahi o āpiha kino. Ano, e rua te hunga e tomo te tinana i te waho (huakita, huaketo, me ngā āhuatanga matū), me te hunga e hanga e i roto i te tinana, pērā i ngā pūtau matepukupuku ranei mate, me te pakaru. Tetahi taonga e kua te mōhiohio iranga ke, ko te antigen e te mau whakamaoritia - "anti-ira". whakaratohia wātea i te mate motuhake, me te nonspecific te he mahi integrated me ruruku o tinana haepapa mo te hanga o ngā matū motuhake me ngā pūtau e taea wawe ia ite e tona tinana, me e - ke, a āta whakautu ki te whakaekenga ke.

Paturopi me ratou tūranga i roto i te tinana

Ko te pūnaha ārai tīmatanga whakaae he antigen, a ka tamata ki te whakangaro i te reira. I roto i tenei take hua te tinana hanganga pūmua motuhake - antibody. tu ratou ake hoki ka ingested tetahi tukumate. Paturopi - he pūmua motuhake (immunoglobulins), whakaputaina e leukocytes ki haamou i antigens pea mōrearea - papapūata, tāoke, ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

Na roto i te aroaro o paturopi, me o ratou whakapuaki whakaritea e te ine, te huaketo te tinana tangata te ranei e kore, a mehemea kua reira rawaka wātea i te mate (motuhake, me te nonspecific) ki te mate ngā. Tupono atu ko etahi paturopi i roto i te toto, ko reira taea e kore anake ki te utu i te mutunga e pā ana ki te aroaro o te mate repara ranei, engari ano ki te whakatau i tona momo. Ko runga i te whakatau i te aroaro o paturopi ki tukumate plurality o mate motuhake e hāngai ana whakamātautau tātaritanga, me assays. Hei tauira, ka konatunatua Elisa tauira toto te ki te antigen rite i mua. Ki te reira te mea he whakautu, te auraa e he hakari ki a ia he paturopi o te tinana, na reira, me te kaihoko ia.

Variety o korero ārai

I roto i tona takenga nga momo e whai ake nei o te wātea i te mate: motuhake, me te kore-motuhake. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te he congenital me te whakahaua ki tetahi taonga ke.

wātea i te mate Nonspecific - āhuatanga tiaki matatini o te rauropi, i, i roto i te tahuri, wehea ki te 4 momo.

1. Na roto i te āhuatanga aunoa (e pā ana i te kiriuhi kiri, me te mucous, eyelashes, i reira te tihe, te maremare).
2. Ko te matū (werawera waikawa, roimata me te huware, rere nasal).
3. E nga āhuatanga humoral o wāhanga whakapeka mumura (te pūnaha ngä, coagulation, lactoferrin me transferrin, interferons, lysozyme).
4. Ki te pūtau (phagocytes, ngā pūtau ōka tūturu).

wātea i te mate motuhake i huaina ko whiwhi urutau ranei. Kei te whakahaua te reira ki te matū ke pōtitia a faaite ake i roto i rua ngā - te humoral me pūtau.

wātea i te mate motuhake, me te kore-motuhake, ona huarahi

Whakaaroa, rerekē i ia atu momo e rua o te tiaki koiora o ngā rauropi ora. E wehea huarahi ārai Non-motuhake, me te motuhake i te tere o te tauhohenga me te mahi. timata āhuatanga o te mate tūturu ki te tiaki tonu, te taenga atu ano te tukumate te ô i roto i te kiri mucosa ranei, a kahore e whakaora i te mahara o te pāhekoheko ki te huaketo. mahi ratou puta noa i te wa o te whawhai o te rauropi ki te mate, engari rawa tōtika - i roto i te wha ra tuatahi i muri i tomo i te huaketo me ka haere ki te mahi i nga tikanga o te wātea i te mate motuhake. Ko te kaiwawao matua o te kaiao i wheori i roto i te wā o te wātea i te mate kore-motuhake he lymphocytes me interferon. pūtau ōka Natural kitea me te whakangaro ngā pūtau huaketo i te mate tohaina cytotoxins. programmed te take whakamutunga patu pūtau.

Ka rite ki te tauira e taea e tatou e whakaaro i te tikanga o te mahi o te interferon. A, no te he mate viral, synthesize nga pūtau interferon me te tuku i te reira ki te wāhi i waenganui i te pūtau, te wahi herea ai ki receptors o ētahi atu pūtau hauora. I muri ratou taunekeneke i roto i ngā pūtau uchalichivaetsya ariā o whākōkī synthetase rua hou, me te pūmua, te tuatahi o e inhibits te kōtuitui o te pūmua viral, me te tuarua piri ke RNA. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga etahi viral arai te mate ruma i ngā pūtau uninfected.

wātea i te mate Natural me horihori

Kei te wehea pūnaha ārai kowhatu motuhake, me te kore-motuhake ki tūturu me horihori. he kaha hāngū ranei ia o ratou. riro Natural ara tūturu. puta i muri Natural mate hohe ora. Hei tauira, te iwi nei i tukua e te whiu, e kore huaketo ki te tiaki manawanui. hāngū Natural - colostral placental, transovarial.

kitea wātea i te mate Artificial te rite ki te hua o te whakataki ki te kaiao o microorganisms attenuated patua ranei. Artificial kaha puta i muri i te werohanga. riro hāngū Artificial te whakamahi i serum. Ki te kaiao hohe hanga paturopi anake rite ki te hua o te mate ārainga mate kaha ranei. Ko reira atu kainga, me te roa-tonu, ka taea e tohe mo nga tau maha noa te ora ranei. wātea i te mate hāngū tutuki te whakamahi i paturopi āwenewene whakaurua e te kano. Ko reira iti whānui, mahi reira i muri i o haora i te tokorua i muri i te whakahaere o paturopi me pumau i te wiki ruarua ki nga marama.

rerekētanga wātea i te mate motuhake, me te kore-motuhake

i huaina wātea i te mate kore-motuhake te taiao, ira. Tenei taonga ko te kaiao e te ira riro e te māngai o tenei momo. Hei tauira, i reira ko te wātea i te mate tangata ki te kuri, me te kiore whiu. Ka taea te ngoikore wātea i te mate tumu e te irradiation hemokai ranei. te kitenga o te mate tumu e te tikanga o monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils. āhuatanga wātea i te mate motuhake, me te nonspecific me roanga rerekē. Motuhake kitea 4 ra i muri mai, te ariā o paturopi motuhake, me te hanganga o T-lymphocytes. A, no te whakahohe tenei te i roto i te hanganga o te t- mahara me te B-mahara pūtau immunological mo te tukumate motuhake. Kei te rongoa mahara immunological tonu me ko te matua o te mahi ārai tuarua pai atu. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i tenei taonga o te kaha o kano ki te ārai mate hopuhopu.

tikanga wātea i te mate motuhake te ki te tiaki i te tinana, i hanga nei i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaiao takitahi i roto i tona ora. A, no te ongó ki te tinana tukumate he mate nui rawa kia attenuated reira, ahakoa e tupu te mate i roto i te puka mama.

He aha te mea te pūnaha ārai mate o te tamaiti hou?

tīariari kē tatou noa tamaiti whanau wātea i te mate nonspecific me motuhake, e āta faarahi ki ia ra e haere. Ko te marama tuatahi o te ora te tamaiti i reira ki te āwhina i paturopi whaea, i i riro ia i a ia i roto i te ewe, a ka whiwhi tahi ki te waiu uma. Tenei mate hāngū, ehara i te mea ātete, me te tiaki i te tamaiti noa e pā ana ki 6 marama. Na reira, he ārai ki taua mate rite karawaka, kōpukupuku, ngangana kirika, repe me ētahi atu i te tamaiti hou.

Māmālie, me te te kano, ka ako i te pūnaha ārai mate o te tamaiti ki te whakaputa i paturopi me ki te pato'ii te āpiha hopuhopu i runga i to ratou ake, engari he roa, me te rawa whaiaro te tukanga. Ko te hanganga whakamutunga o te pūnaha ārai mate o te tamaiti whakaoti te tau o toru. e kore te te tamaiti i raro i te tau o te pūnaha ārai mate i hanga rawa, na he nui atu i te pakeke i haria ki te nuinga o te huakita me huaketo te tamaiti. Otiia e kore e tenei tikanga e te tinana, ko te tino rākau fanau, he taea ki te pato'ii te maha Ngapuhi te hopuhopu ia.

Tonu i muri i whanautanga kei te anga ratou te tamaiti, me te āta ako ki te ora ki a ratou, te whakaputa paturopi tiaki. Āta haamau i papapūata te koati whēkau, me te wehe i ki pai ki te āwhina i nakunaku me kino, e kore e whakaatu iho tae noa te toenga microflora pakaru. Hei tauira, te papapūata haamau i te kiriuhi mucous o te awa ihu me tonsils, tirohia ano e kukume mai antibody paruru. Ki te he te kătahi o te tinana mate kua he paturopi ki reira, ranei e kore e whakawhanake te mate, ranei toro i roto i te tikanga ngāwari. I tenei taonga, te tinana e hāngai ana kano ārai.

mutunga

Kia mahara te reira e te wātea i te mate nonspecific me motuhake - he mahi ira, e ko, hanga nga tinana e tika ana taua mea mo te maha o ngā tūmomo āhuatanga tiaki, a ki te he reira nui, no te ētahi atu tenei kotahi - e kore. Engari, ka taea e tetahi horoa katoa ki te iti tika, i ki tetahi atu tangata, ka hiahia nui atu te tinana paruru. I tua atu, i te tauhohenga i te tinana, he ahua nui, mai i te mahi o te pūnaha ārai mate - tukanga tonu, me te tei runga i te momo o ngā āhuatanga roto, o waho.