Kāhua Empire o te hoahoanga o te rau tau 19, me te hou. Tauira o ngā whare, whakaahua

I roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o te rautau tekau mā iwa ki te whakakapi Classicism ka haere mai te aronga hou i roto i te toi me te hoahoanga - Empire. timata te hoahoanga ki puta ana huanga āhuatanga - he massiveness rahi ki huānga whakapaipai fakaofoofa. ahu kāhua Empire i roto i te kingitanga o Napoleon. Ahakoa etahi whakapono ko te aronga i roto i te toi me te hoahoanga o te kuiti me te iti, ko reira, Heoi, i okioki i runga i te kainga tupu toi o archaism Kariki me Imperial Roma, tuhi atu te kaha, me te nui o nga mea timatanga pretentious engari ataahua, mea tona mua tenei - Classicism - i arotahi, te nuinga i roto i ngā āhuatanga maeneene me te tahi.

Ko te takenga mai o te kāhua

kāhua Empire i roto i te hoahoanga - he kikorangi whakamanamana, te whakamahau nui ki tīwae, he tohu nui hōia - kupenga Loumaile .. Haana, ekara, me ētahi atu katoa o enei āhuatanga e kore e whakaawe nga mana'o, engari, i runga i te tangata whenua no Roma o te iwi. Ko tenei te mea e whakakitea i roto i te hanahana, me te kororia o nga wanihi whare, hangaia e Fontaine me Percier. I muri i te pakanga o Napoleon i Ihipa i te kāhua Empire i roto i hoahoanga timata ki te kia whakaurua taiepa rererangi undifferentiated me pylons, sphinxes onainei hoki. Hoki tenei wa, te āhuatanga āhuatanga ko e te iho Ihipiana ngā ki Roma pararopi nui, kahore haere ki tawhiti i roto i etahi eclecticism. Historicism - tetahi atu āhuatanga e titore te kāhua Empire o hoahoanga, e whakanui ana te hono ki te hanahana o te fetaulaki'anga onamata.

Māoritanga kāhua

whāiti mārō takotoranga wä te whanaketanga o te kāhua a ko te take e kore i manakohia maha States reira rite "imperialism" Kua riro te kaha tanuhia e Napoleon i roto i tona toa. Hei tauira, kua whakawhanakehia i roto i Germany, a Austria i te wa te aronga o "Biedermeier", tetahi wahi te whakamahi i Empire tohu, engari pakeke ano ki a ia. I roto i Ingarangi i reira ko te "kāhua o George IV», i te tahi taime i huaina "Ingarangi emepaea".

kāhua Russian Imperial

Ko te whenua anake i roto i nei te kāhua Empire i te hoahoanga, a kahore anake i roto i reira, i whakawhanakehia, i reira ko Russia. faataa tenei e te meka e i taea ki te whati i te mana o Napoleon ia, a na konei i riro ia ona ake āhuatanga motuhake. Ko ia ngawari me te ake e ngawari noa. Ko te tupuna o te kāhua Empire i St Petersburg hoahoanga ko Rossi - kaihoahoa Russian-Italian, te whakahaere ki te maeneene tona makariri me te rigidity. Ko tētahi atu kaihoahoa mohiotia i roto i tenei aronga ko Stasov. E ai ki ngā tohunga, i ona ake huru motuhake "Moscow Empire" i roto i te kāhua o whenua tuawhenua, kei te hoki i huaina nei te Classicism whakapaipai.

Otinga o te wā Classical

Kua riro te puna o te faaururaa no te kaihoahoa auaha Art o Ancient Greece i te wā tuauri me te Patireia o Roma o te mutunga o te wā, ngā ki te ahurea o Etruria, Ihipa tawhito, me te tahi atu u'i. whakaaro Kirihou o hoahoanga Ihipa tahito, undifferentiated papa pakitara nui ki tīwae nui me pou, whakarato māramatanga ki te rōrahi katoa o te tika āhuahanga, me ētahi atu - .. he rerekē kingitanga tenei. Ko te hoahoanga o te rau tau 19 , kua riro te faahoho'araa o te papû, monumentality me te pauna pākaha me te hangarite o te wahi. huaina ana tēnei wā wa ko te whakapae o te kororia hōia, me te hanahana emepaea, whakatinana i roto i maha tohu me nga tohu.
I roto i te whakapaipai o wanihi me rapae o whare, taonga, me te rama, me te oko whakamahia i roto i te maha tohu o te kororia hōia me tapa'o tono i nga tikanga whakapaipai Roma tawhito i roto i te puka o tohu me tatü, mea tuhonohono kaipānui me ekara, rama, a maha tukurua i te pukapuka N .

he hoahoa tāwāhi taua whakarei anake te huru tapere i roto i te roto. Tauira o Empire architecture, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, he tino kanapa tohu i te tono tika o etahi momo me ngā puka o te ao whāinga o onamata. Hei tauira, he hangaia tika, ka whakapaipai e haurangi whakamanamana me whakapakoko whakamahara.

I roto i te wahi o te whakamahine me te tinihanga

Ki te taeraa mai o te toi Empire ko reira nui me te ake rahi. I roto i tenei take, te whakakapi whaktauiratia parakore i roto i mai te kāhua o Louis XVI rationality nui me nga whakapaipai, me te ara pathos. I roto i te kaha o te bourgeoisie, te toa me te whakarere i te "kingi" aronga, ki te pee i te ora, nga tikanga o nga Roma i tahito i reira i tokomaha tapere, me te ariari ranei. I roto i te tahi mau whenua Pākehā te kāhui ki te bourgeoisie nui, e tata i mahi ai Classicism French o Louis XVI rite te tauira tūranga, ka anga ki te whai i nuitia te kāhua emepaea. I muri i te revolution ano i roto i Paris i nga wahi rerekē huihui maha toi me kaihoahoa e kua whiriwhiria ki te mahi i roto i tenei kāhua hou. Te Empire architecture, tauira o nei kihai i whare titiro rite te "kohia" Classicism, i roto i te rerekē ki ngā mua i pūāhua cosmopolitan nui, e katia atu e te viivii ore o te ture o te whakatū o ngā kura rohe. Heoi, e kore tenei i mutu i muri i te tetahi wa te whanau o nga putanga Russian o tenei kāhua.

Saint Petersburg

Tenei au i roto i te biennium 1810-1830. ka anga ki te puta i roto i te rōpū tāone nui. Tauira Empire i St Petersburg hoahoanga - ko reira pai-mohiotia Kazan Cathedral me te whare Admiralty, te Spaso-Preobrazhensky me cathedrals Troitsky, Ostrovsky Square me te Toi. I runga a ratou mahi taua kaihoahoa rongonui rite K. I. Rossi ko A. Voronikhin, JB Thomas de Thomon ko A. D. Zaharov, V. P. Stasov me ētahi atu.

Waho, te Russian Empire i te hoahoanga, tauira o nei e mooni marara whare puta noa i te whakapaipai raki, patu matua te whakamahi i te puāwaitanga whakamana-pūnaha, Tuscan me Doric kore anake. I muri i te wā o Alexander Classicism puta te hiahia mo te chic, kororia me te monumentality, ngā ki tamatane. kāhua Empire o hoahoanga, whakaahua o whare e whakaatu nei ki te hangarite tino, me te hakari, me te nounou o ona puka, me te tohu militaristic hira.

Ko te whakamutunga "chord" o te Russian Empire

kāhua Empire i roto i te hoahoanga, tauira o whare o e te nuinga i roto i Russia taea te kite i roto i St. Petersburg, mārama whakapuaki te huru o te wa. Ko te apotheosis o te aronga Russian ko Cathedral te Cathedral St. a Ihaka. I hanga te reira i roto i 1858, hangaia e Montferrand. kaha te reira i te puka māmā: te orapa ki te tapawha, tapatoru, rango me te dome unahi, i, i roto i te tua ki te rahi nui, hoatu te hahi etahi monumentality atu a hanga te ongo o te inviolability emepaea tau-tawhito. I roto i te hanga o te Cathedral o rongoā hangarau matatau whakamahia i te wa: he turanga papa mōkihi mārō, hanga o aua marae, rara maka-rino i runga i nga domes, tīwae o monoliths ofa'i katoa. whakapaipai waho a Tūrongo me te taonga ki te hoahoa ātaahua.

Sunset "Golden Age"

Ko te kupu, ko te wā o te kāhua Empire i te hoahoanga o St. Petersburg, hanga e te hanga o e rua o nga urupa tino grandiose - te hanga o te Kazan me Cathedral o St. Ihaka, oti te wā i roto i te whanaketanga o te pa, i te mea kua hanga reira maha mahi ahurei o te hoahoanga. Heoi, ki te te "Age Golden" o Russian tuhinga, peita, me te waiata i timata tika, te hoahoanga Russian, unuhia ana e ia ki te tata.