Kaituhi Russian Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin: te ora me te mahi, ngā meka

Kua ite ahau maha ngā rerekē Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, nei te ora me te mahi e ki tonu i te ngā whakaari i roto i te ao kei te rite. He pārekareka ki ana mahi i te angitu rite taua o kaipānui mau, me te te ngaio. He maha ngā kōrero Kuprin he momo paerewa tuhituhi, pērā i "Te Kāpene Rybnikov". I nga wa katoa noho rongonui kohatu pērā i te whare taonga o te tuhinga Russian rite "Garnet Komore", "Shulamith", "Oles", "Listrigony," Junker "- katoa e kore e whakarārangi aha e lau tamariki a tenei ra taua kōrero kia rite ki. " Ko e White poodle " ! Alexander Kuprin i roto i to tatou whenua e te āhukahuka pono motu.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

whanau te kaituhi i mua nei i roto i August 1880 i roto i te pa iti o Penza kawanatanga. Tona papa - he mōhiohio iti, ka mate a ka tana tama papaki ana i te tau tawhito. kihai i taea e Mother whakaoho te Alexander iti, no te mea kihai i whai ia nui te moni, a hoatu ana ki te tamaiti i roto i te kura pani.

Kura Alexandrov i Moscow kore mahue anake haamana'oraa pe'ape'ao. Here haere matou te taiohitanga me tamarikitanga, runaruna te iwi taitamariki tuatahi yunoshestkaya, mahi tuhituhi, a runga ake katoa i te meka e riro te kura Alexander Kuprin - hoa.

I ataahua ki o ratou tikanga patereareha, ona ake ngā pakiwaitara, ki tonu i te iti-pa whakapehapeha (werohia i roto i nga Tika o te whakapaipai!) Moscow, Ki te ona rongonui rohe, eccentrics. ko tonu ahua o te pa o me kahore atu kore e.

tīmata tuhituhi

Studies hoatu Kuprin te mātauranga tika oti: reo - Russian, French, German. Ahupūngao, pāngarau, hītori, geography me te tuhinga (literature). Tenei te te hou, a ka kua meinga hei wahapu ano ia mo te ora, mo ia. Here i te kura, a kua tuhituhia tona kōrero tuatahi - "Ko te Tuatahi Last", taiepa whakaputaina wera i roto i te "Journal o te Sapphire Russian."

i hari mīharo Kuprin, ahakoa pau hoki tenei mahi i roto i te mātao (pukapuka, engari i rāhuitia te kuao Kuprin waho te matauranga o te rangatira o te kura kihai i mohio ki tenei, engari mo te kore o te matauranga o te ora i roto, ka tahuri whiua).

I te pae hopea, i te kaituhi tuhi tukua piha tuatahi i te kura, a ka whakaritea ki te mahi i runga i te rohe tonga-hauauru o Russia, he pa porowini mamao o te mahere i tīrama whakaahuatia ratou i roto i te aamu "Teuere" me te kōrero "Ko te Wedding".

Ratonga runga rohe i te whenua o

Material mo pai, pakeke-riro ra ano te mutunga o nga mahi, pērā i "Inquiry", "Bed" ka timata te taviniraa ia vetahi ê i runga i te rohe. Heoi, i whakaaro tino te kaituhi e pā ana ki ngā mahi tuhituhi ngaio. Ko reira tika ki te hoko nui mo tenei wheako, a na whakaputaina ana e ia i roto i nūpepa porowini me te kōrero "I roto i te pouri" ka mau i roto i "te rawa Russian" makasini.

I roto i te 1890 Kuprin, nei te ora me te mahi whakaaro ki te kia hipokina ki te pūkohu i te boondocks, ohorere tutaki ki Chekhov me Gorky. Rua takaro te ariki he wāhi nui i roto i o Kuprin te whakarau. Noatia, Alexander Kuprin mahi utu ratou na tino, a tae noa atu - o ratou whakaaro, a Chekhov tata tuatahi.

Ko te kaupapa matua

Ehara i ara tetahi o te kaupapa matua, me te tino nui e whakamahi mo'uí o kaituhi Alexander Kuprin, - te aroha. Heroes i te whārangi o te tuhi te marama tika ana tenei tikanga, te heheu mai i roto i ona faaiteraa pai, tonu kanapa, tonu fakamamahi, ki torutoru rawa okotahi (hei tauira, "Lilac Bush" - tenei kōrero maere ataahua o te kaha o te ongo, ko te "mau horo'araa o te Maki" e O. Henry, te wahi mutu katoa te pai, ki te kahore te whakama-āpiha he hero mo tona tinihanga iti). kaituhi katoa tūturu rite Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, āwhina haurongo waihanga.

"Oles"

Ko te mahi i reira tuatahi makona nui, me te tino nui i roto i 1898. Tenei kōrero "Olesya" - pouri, kahore tetahi melodrama, marama, whaiāipo. Ko te ao tūturu o te wahine pūrotu - au maite fakalaumālie rite te ātete ki te tangata o tetahi pa nui, me te tutu. Noatia, herekore i roto, unuhia tapatahi Olesya protagonist tere atu i te wahi aukume o whakarewa.

Ko kaha atu i te taonga i te pae varua Craven aroha, tata patu i te kotiro ma, me te kaha. Ko te hōkai o te ora pāpori me te ahurea e taea te huri, ara taua he tangata tūturu rite Olesya, engari tenei te tahi mea Kuprin kore whakaaetia. Ahakoa he tikanga nui o te aroha e kore e taea whakahauora i te kounga fakalaumālie e whakangaromia civilisation. wāhi reira nui o tenei kōrero pai e whakaako Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha ora nga wahi katoa, me te kite i te marama, me te atarangi, haapouri i te reira.

"Garnet Komore"

I roto i te nuinga o mooni ia rā, rapu te kaituhi me te kitea taua iwi, nei pokenga ki te tikanga nui o te kaha ki te whakatika i runga i te tuhi o te ora noa i roto i te moemoea. Ni'ai ki te whakaahuatanga o te "tangata iti", mahi pono Alexander Kuprin, nei pukapuka e tai'o kaiapo, whakamiharo. Huri i te reira kuprinskomu "iti" natula tangata mohio, te aroha awhi, Aue, me te pathetic. semeio mau te reira, he mea homai faahiahia. Ahakoa mate, faaora te ia te aroha mo te ora, ikuna'i e mate. Na te waiata, te waiata, he fanau te wairua. oro te reira i roto i ia rarangi, neke i te matao ki te Makiri tura o ongo'i te ao.

Pono te aroha platonic heipü fakamamahi. pūāhua viivii-he mana auaha hua. Ēnei pūāhua puta ki te aroaro o kaipānui rite Kuprin kite ora me te mahi e kukume ratou tatou i roto i te ao kino, e ngana ana ki te wahi i te wairua pakarukaru. I roto i tenei take, tata tonu i reira he etahi underestimation o te hero ia, whakapono i roto i te matau o te riro o te wahine e hiahia te katoa o tona oranga. Otiia, e kore e te matatini o te āhuatanga, me te whakaari i roto i te mutunga waiho te kaipānui he tikanga o puapinga kore, te marohirohi e kawea mai te kaipānui Alexander Kuprin, tona pukapuka katoa - rawa oaoa, rawa rorotu. mana'o Light i muri i te pānui i te wa roa ano e kore e waiho te kaipānui.

"Ko e poodle White"

Tenei kōrero, whakaputaina i roto i te 1903, i runga i te mīhini okana tawhito, te tamaiti Seryozha me ratou kuri pono - te poodle Arto me kaituhi ko - "Te White poodle". Alexander Kuprin, rite na maha, tuhia te kōrero i te ora. E tona dacha maha haere mai manuhiri - toi, perekhozhie tika iwi, manene, me te Kuprina privechala whānau katoa, tina whangai a hoatu ana ki te inu tea. I roto i te manuhiri i reira i kotahi te tangata tawhito ki te hurdy-gurdy, he kaitūpekepeke me te kuri ma Post tākutatanga iti. Ko ratou te hunga i korero ki te kaituhi e pā ana ki te mea i tupu ki a ratou.

tohe wahine Rich i runga i te hoko ki a ia poodle iti, tama pahuatia toku ngakau, kaiwhakaari, o te akoranga, kihai. I riri nga wahine, utua te tangata ki te tahae i te kuri. Na ka taruke Sergei tona ora ki wetekina tino Artoshku. E au ra Kuprin kōrero ngā i roto i taua aamu ngāwari ngā tokorua o ana kaupapa tino - ōritenga pāpori me te auhoaraa e tau'a nei, te aroha mo te kararehe, te tiaki hoki a ratou. Na maha te kaituhi hei utu o te mahi, pera me mea ia ia Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich haurongo.

"Ko e Teuere"

I roto i te mahi, he rūtene tuarua i roto i te 46 Infantry Regiment me te Dnipro ka hapu a tukua Alexander Kuprin "te Duel." City Proskurov i ai mahi ia, ngāwari mōhiotia i roto i tenei kōrero. Ki runga ki tona whakatā, ka anga te kaituhi ki te systematize ratou pūkete rerekē. A, no te oti te aamu i, whakamoemiti reira te Maxim Gorky, karanga rangatira nehenehe me whakaaro katoa, me te tika kia hanga he ongo tonu.

A. V. Lunacharsky hoki whakatapua ki "kēmu" tuhinga i roto i "Pravda" i roto i te hinga o 1905, i reira i roto i nga ara ka koa te kaupapa, me te kāhua o te tuhituhi ko, ka mea e pā ana ki te whārangi ataahua o te kōrero Kuprin, e ko he pu piira ki te ope, a ka rongo nga rangatira koutou ake te honore reo neporugannoy.

ingoa ētahi scenes o "Teuere" Paustovsky te pai i roto i te tuhinga Russian. Otira i reira i aromatawai papā. whakaae e kore katoa ki CSKA mooni e whakakitea Alexander Kuprin (te ora, me te mārama ka mea mahi e kore i tuhituhi e ia he kupu o te teka). Heoi, e whakawakia Rūtene Tianara Geysman te kaituhi o te ngautuara, mauahara mo te ope, me te ara te pūnaha tōrangapū ngana.

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga mahi tino nui o Kuprin e pā ana ki te hītori o te pakanga o te kuao rūtene Romashov he āpiha matua i roto i te ana'iraa. Customs, ngā akoako, āpiha parau ino e te pāpori - peia ora ue'i Kuprin wiki porowini katoa i te kuao tirohanga whaiāipo me - ano! - hakari, faaore, me te whānui, te aroha whaiaro-patu.

Ko te putanga tuatahi o te pūrākau whakaputaina ki te tainga Maksimu Gorkomu, rite te tutu tino katoa me te tere tino i roto i te kōrero whakatau i tona pānga. Otiia kihai te aamu i rite Chekhov, me tona huru whaiāipo - rawa atu ko rawa maere, me te pouri Kuprin.

I roto i te ngahuru o tenei tau pau te kaituhi i Balaklava i te Crimea, te wahi lau ia i te Nazansky farewell ahiahi aroha i "Duel". Balaklava - te pa o te hōia, me i te whakarongo o te kau ka tahuri atu ki te hei i te rota. Whawhati i roto i te take nui, i awhinatia tinei te hēramana, Rūtene P. P. Shmidt, he marama i muri mai arahina te maunu i runga i te cruiser "Ochakov". kite te kaituhi kohuru roa nanakia o nga hōia a te kāwanatanga, me te kua whakaahuatia i te tutu enei ngā mā te te tuku reta ki a St. Petersburg, te niupepa "Life New". I roto i tenei Kuprina i Balaklava ka tono tangata ki te wha tekau-waru haora. Otiia i kaha ki te whakaora i te inonotitanga o nga kaiwhakatere torutoru i te "Ochakovo" te kaituhi. Tenei tutu ka i tuhituhia kōrero ataahua: "Anuhe", "roroa" faahiahia "Gambrinus".

whānau o te kaituhi

wahine tuatahi ko Maria Kuprina Karlovna Davydov, nei marenatia e ia i roto i 1902 ka ka te whakarere i te 1909. ko ia he wahine tino mātauranga, te tamahine o te hero, rongonui me te kaiwhakaputa o te makasiní. Te faaipoiporaa i muri ka noho ia hei te wahine o te Statesman rongonui Nicholas Horano-Negoreva. mahue Maria Karlovna haamana'oraa o Kuprin pukapuka - "tau teina".

noho tahi ratou, me te tamahine - Lidiya Aleksandrovna Kuprina, e mate wawe i roto i 1924, hoatu tona mokopuna Alexei kaituhi. Kua mahue tamariki Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha me tona mokopuna mutu kahore atu uri whanau Kuprin.

Tana wahine tuarua, tona purakau me te anahera kaitiaki - Elizabeth Moritsevna Heinrich, i moe te kaituhi marenatia i roto i 1909. ko ia te tamahine o te photographer me tuahine o te kaitapere wahine. mahi Elizabeth Moritsevna katoa tona ora, i taua wa kihai i nei te take, ko te kaiatawhai. e kore i taea e ahau ora i te whakapaenga o Leningrad.

a ratou i te tamahine Xenia Alexandrovna, kotiro ataahua, me te mohio, te tino o te whānau e kore e anake, engari ano hoki o te iwi, ki te i te iti rawa i te iti kōrero ki a ia. mahi ia i roto i te whare ahua tata i te wa o Paora Poiret, ko te tauira me te kaitapere. I te tau 1958 ka hoki ia i France ki te Soviet Union. tuhituhi hoki pukapuka "Kuprin - toku papa." takaro ia i roto i te whare tapere Moscow ingoa i muri i Pushkin. puta Xenia I roto i te tau-tau tuahine Zinaida, engari i roto i 1912, ka mate o te hota.

I mua i-whawhai, whawhai, me te pou-whawhai nga tau

Katoa 1909 Kuprin mahi pakeke - tuhituhi te pūrākau me ngā wā meá mo tatou kaupapa. hiahia te kaituhi ki te whakaatu i te ora i te roto o te tairanga vahi i roto i te kawanatanga. Tale huaina e ia "te poka". I tuhituhia te reira i te wa roa. I roto i te taua tau i whakawhiwhia ai ia Pushkin paraihe, me te Ivan Bunin. Ko te āhukahuka mōhiohio i te Academy o Sciences tenei.

I te tau 1911 i Kuprin ki hoko te tika ki te izdatelstkoe Whakaoti Works. Ka riro i te kaiwhakaputa rau mano te utu, kua i roto i te 1915, i tuhituhi te kaituhi topa i e te i roto i te tarahu. Na ka whakaputaina e matou te kōrero "Garnet Komore", e pera whakamarie tuhituhi Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, kōrero "telegrapher" me "takoto tapu" - mahi pai, lyrical, pouri. mārama whakakitea ratou e kore e topa i wairua o te kaituhi i roto i te taonga, e he pai ki te mamae tonu ia, ki te aroha me te tohu.

I roto i te 1914 tūao Kuprin mo te whawhai, te rūtene ano. mahi ia i roto i Finland, engari e kore e hoki te roa: i mohio ia rite ere mo te ratonga hauora. hoki ia te kāinga, me i te kāinga - hōhipera: whakangotea Elizabeth Moritsevna me te tamahine Xenia te werohia ... haere te reira i te tau whawhai. Revolution o 1917 Kuprin kihai i matau a kihai i manako ki. kihai i Lenin rite. I muri i te hinganga o te kaupapa White i roto i 1920 mahue Kuprin Russia.

whakakitea rua tekau tau o te ora Kuprin i France pehea uaua ko reira ki te urutau te iwi Russian noa atu. i te reira i kahore moni. i whakamaoritia mahi a te kaituhi tino rongonui ki French, engari e kore e te te hou i tuhituhia. Pakihi kihai rawa i mahi i roto i. Ko te mea matua - kai hiahia wairua. tamarikitanga Kua, hauora, te kaha, tumanako ... Ko î tenei koroingo roto i te mahi nui anake i tuhituhia atu e Alexander Ivanovich i Russia - te pūrākau "Juncker". riro te reira i te mau haamana'oraa tata pakipūmeka o te kura hōia, mahana, pouri, engari ki te taua ahua me te kuprinskim katakata ngawari. Ia tino, tino hiahia ki te haere hoki te kāinga.

Home!

te mutunga rawa, ka haere mai te moe Kuprina pono ki te hoki mai ki Russia. ka hoki te kaituhi talitali mate te kāinga ki te mate. Ko mahana mīharo te hui - aroha reira kia nui e tata katoa o Moscow faaoti ki te whakatau ia ia. he hira koa Alexander Ivanovich. whakaatu a kanohi e maha ia karanga, whakangaueuetia ana e ia i te mea katoa: nga tamariki, me te kakara o te motherland, a rawa te aro me te aroha o ētahi atu. Te kaituhi, ahakoa tona mate, i whakaputaina: he tuhinga roa i runga i te pane a "Moscow taketake", ka te mahara o Gorky (ki taunoa nui, pera hekenga kihai i Kuprin Gorky paingia te tautoko me te Tuhinga "tikanga o te wehi, me te pononga").

I raro i te 1937 hou oho Kuprin ki Leningrad ka noho i reira, e karapotia ana e tiaki, me te whakarongo. I roto i te Pipiri 1938, tae mai ia aroha tona Gatchina, te wahi pera magnificently puawai lilac kotahi. whakarere ratou o ratou whare tawhito, me e whitu tekau mano o te utu mo taua mea, noho i te hoa o te pouaru o te kaihoahoa rongonui. I haere ana Kuprin roto i te kari ataahua ki te oaoa i te hau e te oaoa ata.

Heoi, ka kaha tonu te mate, ko whakamataku te tātaritanga - mate pukupuku o te pū kai. I roto i te Leningrad, i muri i hoki mai i Gatchina, faaoti kaunihera ki te whakahaere Kuprin. Poto ko pai ia, engari whakatupato taote e tumanako, i roto i te parau tumu, e kore mea te aha. mate Kuprin. I roto i nga ra tata nei, i ia katoa e he taea - te taote pai, tiaki pai. Otiia kia kore e tenei toronga o te ora ake ake.

te ora mure ore

fakaanga Literary, i tuhituhi pukapuka he whakaahua oraora o te faahiahia, kaituhi pono Russian, nei tonu te pai ngā tikanga puāwaitanga o talena tino, muimui ngingila L. N. Tolstogo. Alexander Kuprin, e faahiti i roto i te akoranga o te rau tau kua, kua oti te tuhituhi atu atu i te kotahi rau mahi o ngā momo. i pono, fakamātoato ia, ki te mahi nui o pau faufaa i roto i ia o tona korero, i tuhituhi e ia anake te mea i ite ia, i kite, perechuvstvoval.

ngā Kuprin ki te minenga taea whānui, te kaipānui e kore e whakawhirinaki ki runga ki te ira tangata me te tau, ka kitea te katoa i roto i tona rārangi o ratou ake, atawhai. Humanism, noho tamau koa, kirihou, ngā whakaahuatanga oraora, te tauturu reo rawa taonga Kuprina mahi ki tenei ra tetahi o te tino whānui tai'o. Kua ana mahi kiriata, tū me iritihia ki reo maha.