Ko te hanganga o te kaipuke. Types me kaipuke whakaaro

i Te neke haere i te awa, me moana i runga i nga kaipuke i roto i te aamu kua matau hoki neke atu i te rima mano tau. I reira, i rite ki te kupu te tikanga whakaaetia, he oko vaka tahi - he utanga, pāhihi ranei arumoni watercraft nui-rahi, kaipuke - hōia. Tatau i te momo o kaipuke me oko e taea e roa. Ko te moana tino rongonui - reira sailboats me parahutihuti, kaipuke pāhihi me kaipuke, poti, taraka me kawe nuinga. Kaipuke - ko te rererangi kawe, tama'ii, kau fakasio, kaiwhakamate me mua.

Ko te hanganga o te kaipuke

No mea he aha te momo Class ranei e kore e ngā watercraft, he reira tūturu i roto i te āhuatanga hanganga noa. I roto i te wahi tuatahi, o te akoranga, te whare, i runga i nei te superstructure mo te ngā take, rewa me haea. He āhuatanga nui o oko katoa ko nga engines me propellers i whānui, ngā tipu kaha. He whakaaro nui, ngā pūnaha, hiko, taiepa, me te taputapu o te whare hoki nga poti ora.

oko Sailing rawa ki tonu, me te rewa.

Ihu i huaina kai mua - mutunga hoki o te whare, me ona papa taha - taha. Katea i neke i te heramana i huaina katea, mahue - papamuri.

Raro ranei he raro te wahi o raro o te kaipuke, papanga - inaki whakapae. Ko te mau o te kaipuke - ko te ruma raro, kei nei i waenganui i te raro, me te raro o te rahoraho tenei. Tween huaina tweendeck.

Ko te hoahoa o te takere

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te kaipuke i te katoa, ahakoa te manuao ranei te oko harangotengote, te tinana he mea he tinana āhua kaunuku parewai, tuwhera kau a roto. E whakarato ana te whare i te oko ua anaanatae roa me te turanga turanga ranei i runga i nei eke te taputapu ranei patu i runga i te ūnga o te kaipuke rānei.

te momo o te oko, me te ai te āhua o te tinana, me tona rahi.

Kei te takere o te huinga me te kiri. Bulkheads me papanga - he āhuatanga tūturu i roto i etahi momo o oko.

Ka taea te hanga moana o te rakau, i roto i nga wa onamata, me tenei ra, kirihou me ka paiherea tahi ranei haru ai paraharaha maitai raima whakapakaritia ranei.

I te taha ki roto ki te mau tonu i te kaha me te āhua o te whakakikorua takere me te mahau tautokona e whakaturia he kurupae etaeta tuati-, rakau maitai ranei, e kua whakaritea i roto i te hake, me ahunga ahopou.

Ko te pito o te tinana tino maha mutu ki kurupae kaha: i roto i te kei i - anga kei me te ihu - kakau. Tei runga i te momo o te takiwa oko o te kopere kia rerekē. whakatau ratou te hekenga i roto i te kaupapa ātete o te oko, whakarato te huri me te seaworthiness. ihu kaipuke Underwater te whakaiti resistance wai me, na reira, e faarahi tere o te kaipuke, ka heke wahie kohi te. Na aukati kaha tītaha mua icebreakers, ngokingoki reira kaipuke i runga i te huka, me te te whakangaro ia ki tona taimaha.

huinga whare

Me whai i te whare o tetahi oko kaha here i roto i te aronga poutū, roa, me te hake ki te tu atu i te pēhanga wai, ngaru ru i roto i vero me tetahi atu ope e mahi i runga i te reira.

wahi Underwater o te kaipuke ite te puai. Na reira, i roto i te waenganui o te huinga takere whakaturia te hono wä roa matua e titauhia te tutavaraa, hua oko te ruriraa i - fin poutū. rere ia te hono te roa katoa o te tinana ki te kakau me te anga kei, ka tei tona hanganga i runga i te momo o te oko.

I roto i whakarara te takere o te therealong raro he stringers, ratou tau tei runga i ngā āhuatanga o te kaipuke, me te heke ki te kopere, me te kei, rite te iti te whanui o te raro.

E mea pinepine whakaturia nga rākau taha e ki te whakaiti i te mana o te wharau o te taha kaipuke, e kore ratou e haere ki tua atu i te āhuatanga o te whanui tinana me te whai waihanga rerekē.

whārangi maitai poutū, e te hunga kua huaina patunga raro, eke puta noa te whare, ka paiherea ki te takere me te kia permeable me impermeable.

taha o te huinga raro o te kimi tonu me ngā o stringers (tutaki ahopou) me nga papa (rara hake). whakaaro kakau te i roto i te hōia pahi kore tāpiritanga tāpare me te anga toharite - midsection.
Rahoraho huinga ko te pūnaha o te rīpeka wä roa me te hake kurupae - kurupae.

Ko te anga o te kaipuke

Kei anga oko o te waho o te raro, me te taha whakakikorua anga me te rahoraho. Ko te kiri waho - o whitiki whakapae wehe, hono i roto i ngā huarahi: vnakroy, reke carvel, herringbone.

wahi Underwater o te kaipuke kia kia tino kaha, na rere te raro (mahuahua) whitiki kiri nui rohe takawaenga. I roto i te taua matotoru me te rohe whakakikorua huaina a reira ko shirstrekom, y te tihi ano kurupae whakapaipai tonu.

Kei rahoraho planking o whārangi te roa mōrahi, e kua tautoko i runga i te rahoraho huinga kotahi, a ka tauwhāiti te wāhi i roto o te tihi o te kaipuke. Kua whakaritea te whārangi haere te taha roa o te oko. Ko te matotoru iti o te rahoraho whakarewa he 4 mm. kuaha rakau kia kia hanga e i papa.

Rahoraho - he huinga kohinga, me te kuaha.

kaipuke rahoraho

Kei te wehea takere Teitei o te kaipuke ki papanga e rave rahi me tüäpapa. Raho - he rahoraho e kore ko e te roa katoa o te kaipuke, engari anake puta noa pātaki maha.

E huaina e te wāhi i runga i te oko raro, waenganui, me te tihi papanga. I nga pito o te kaipuke (i te kopere, me te kei) raro te rahoraho o raro he tüäpapa e kua whakaaro ki te kia runga ki raro-.

Tau o e rua ngā parani me tüäpapa tei runga i te rahi o te kaipuke, tona whakaaro, me te hanganga.

oko awa me oko whakatere whakauru i te rahoraho matua o runga ranei. Marine, pērā i kaipuke pāhihi, ki kia tangohia - he oko pāhihi, e toru papanga.

Nui kaipuke pāhihi roto i te whakapaipai takawaenga, ki te kahore hoki te tetahi matua, hanga he tween.

Tūnga Kaipuke ai hei papanga ruma tino nui. Hei tauira, i runga i te "Titanic" ko e wha o ratou, i rere te roa katoa o te kaipuke, e kore e nga tüäpapa e rua tae rānei te ihu ki te kei, kotahi haukotia i roto i te kopere, me tetahi i tū tika i roto i mua o te kaipuke ranei. Te kaipuke hōu Royal Princess kua iwa papanga.

whakapaipai o runga, kei te hoki huaina ana a reira, he matua, ranei tuatahi, te tu i te taumahatanga mōrahi i raro i kōpeketanga hake me tauhia ahopou o te whare. Kei te nuinga o te wā whakamana te rahoraho o te kaipuke ki te ara iti i roto i te waenganui o te kopere, me te kei me te matakoma i roto i te aronga hake, ki te hanga i taua mea māmā ki te hipi ki te taha o te wai mau i runga i te rahoraho i roto i moana taratara.

topside

superstructures rahoraho - Kei hoahoa superstructures te puta noa te whanui o te oko. ahua ai ratou he rōrahi kati, whakamahia nei te rite tari me whare noho. tuku Poari ki te superstructure, he tonu nga taiepa taha runga te kaipuke. Otiia e kore e te nuinga o te wāhi i runga i te rahoraho o runga whakawhānui ki te taha. Na reira, i reira e rave rahi wehenga tikanga i runga i te tāpiri-mai tika e kua kei i runga i te roa tika nui o te oko, me whakairo rawa superstructure, engari poto.

Mai te wehea te rahoraho o runga o te kaipuke ki wāhanga, ia me ona ake ingoa, homai te taua ingoa ki a tāpiri-mai, e tū ratou: bin ranei piko, kei ranei Jutes me toharite. Forecastle - piko superstructure - te tikanga kei te ki ake i te kopere o te takere.

Ka taea e te tank mau ake ki te 2/3 o te roa o te oko. whakanohoia ana te tank elongated te i runga i nga kaipuke pāhihi ruma me kaipuke utanga - utanga tweendeck.
I roto i te superstructure aft - te Poop Poop ranei - i runga i nga kaipuke utanga whakarite Maatamaata mo te kapa.

I waenganui i nga superstructures whakapaipai taiepa whakangungu rakau, kia e tiaki i te rahoraho i te wai waipuke.

I te kaipuke, i runga i te momo, me te whakaaro o te oko rānei, kawea whakairo i roto i roto i te maha ngā wāhanga.

I riverboats karanga te takiuru te ruma anake i roto i nei kei te te wira me te reo irirangi, me te tahi atu hanganga katoa i runga i te rahoraho o runga - tāpiri-ake.

compartments kaipuke

Ko te hanganga o te hōia kaipuke oko haukāinga, ranei fakahu'unga compartments kaimono, e whakanui i ona unsinkable.

Ko te taiepa poutū roto (bulkheads) pupuri faataa kaimono haere te roa o te rōrahi ā-o te kaipuke ki compartments. ārai ratou pakaru te wai whakakī i te rōrahi ā katoa i roto i te wahi raro o te kaipuke, me te horapa o te ahi.

Ko te compartments o te kaipuke, i runga i te tono rānei, i o ratou ake ingoa. E tāuta tipu te mana nui i roto i te wehenga, i huaina nei ko te pūkaha te ruma pūkaha ranei. Ko te ruma pūkaha o kōhua kaimono wehea e te arai he. E kawea kawenga i roto i compartments utanga (mau). Ko te pito ora mo te waka me ngā pāhihi tuku ki noho, me te mau pāhihi. Fuel rongoa i roto i te wehenga wahie.

Whare i roto i te compartments marama bulkheads whakangungu rakau. Hei taea ki te tiki i ki te compartments i roto i te pao papa rahoraho e mahi āhua tapawhā. tei to ratou rahi i runga i nga compartments ūnga.

pūnaha toko Ship

tipu Power i runga i te kaipuke - te engines me mīhini pŭpŭ tauturu, e arahi kore anake ki te kaupapa o te kaipuke, engari ano hoki te whakarato i te reira ki te hiko.

Ko te kaupapa o te kaipuke, ko te pūkaha matua, hurirere o te kaipuke, shafting tūhono.

whakarato tikanga p∂p∂ tauturu te kaipuke ki te hiko, te wai desalinated, korohū.

E ai ki te parau tumu o te mahi, me te momo o te pūkaha matua, me te pūnaha toko pūngao puna kaipuke ranei kia te mamaoa-mīhini huri hiko, diesel, dizelturbinnoy, hau mīhini huri hiko, ngota ngā ranei.

pūrere me ngā pūnaha Ship

hanga kaipuke - e kore e tika i te takere me te superstructure, he hoki reira he pūrere moana, taputapu motuhake me tikanga whakapaipai ki te whakarite mahi o te kaipuke. e kore e te kore urungi punga ranei pūrere tohu te kaipuke ara iwi matara i te pahi. A i roto i ia oko te kukume, pupuri, kaipuke, he wae utanga. E whakahaeretia ka tonu ngā tikanga tautoko rahoraho, e ngā nihowhiti urungi, e kukume, taraka me winches kaipuke, papua me te ake katoa o ratou.

pūnaha Ship - he maha kiromita pipelines ki papua, mea me ngā pūrere, i te tikanga o nei mäminga i te wai kei te i te mau tukua puunaha te ki te wai inu pahuka ranei i te take o te ahi, whakawera whakaratohia, ventilation me te rangi conditioning ranei.

Tikanga o te ruma pūkaha mō te tuku wahie serviced pūnaha pūkaha, rangi mo te rangi kōpeke hū ai engines.

Ki te rama hiko whakaratohia te i runga i te oko, me te mahi o ngā tikanga me ngā pūrere e kua powered e te mana kōnohete i. E rite rawa kaipuke hou katoa ki te taputapu whakatere mātanga ki te whakatau i te ahunga o te haere (te akoranga) me rire, whanganga tere te rere, me te kite pikipiki i roto i kohu oko kia ahu ranei.

kōrero waho, me te ā i runga i te kaipuke i te tikanga o te taputapu irirangi: radio, waea irirangi VHF, whakawhitinga waea moana.

whare kaipuke

whakaurunga Marine, ko te mea ratou tokomaha i runga i te kaipuke, wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū.

Tenei noho mo te kapa (piha nga rangatira ', me te forecastle) me ngā pāhihi (ruma o rerekē te rahi o).

Pāhihi Ōseni ko ratou e onge tenei ra. tukua torutoru iwi ki a ratou te neke i te tere puhoi mō tawhiti roa. He nui tere taea te hanga e koe i te rere. Na reira, i te piha pāhihi - kore reira no kaipuke ipu.

Pāhihi fale, rawa i runga i kaipuke ipu, i roto i te whakamarie wehea ki te maha akomanga. Te fare māmā rite te wehenga tereina hariata ki wha whata, me ki tata kahore mea, maha anga i roto i te tinana, me te e kore wini porohita matapihi ranei, ki te rama horihori. He Ōseni Royal Princess tuku pāhihi me whakapaipai suites rua-ruma ki balconies tūmataiti.

Fale i runga i te kaipuke, te kaipuke ko te hōia - ko te rangatira haumiti whakahau. Ko te rangatira me te rangatira matua i motuhake ruma kotahi.

Hui ruma - he ruma, cinemas, wharekai, whare pukapuka. Hei tauira, he 20 wharekai, he ara maita te huka tūturu, he Casino me te whare tapere mō ake ki 1.380 mataitai, he nightclub, he karapu jazz me te kanikani te Oasis ipu kaipuke o nga Moana i runga i te poari.

Hoki ngā wāhi parukore, me te ōhanga ngā akuaku (ruma horoi, ua, bathrooms, saunas) me te whare, e ngā kai, momo katoa o te rokiroki, me te taputapu ruma.

I roto i te tari e te nuinga o whakakahore Passengers uru. Ko te ruma i roto i te whakahaere o te oko, ranei he taputapu irirangi, ruma pūkaha, awheawhe, rokiroki mō ngā wāhanga e manawapa, me te tahi atu rakau moana tenei.
Ki nga whare o whakaaro motuhake ngā mau utanga, rokiroki o kora totoka wai ranei.

kaipuke e rere

e rere kaipuke te pūrere, he iti rerekē i te oko noa. Rig anake me te rewa.

Rig - he kohinga o nga rā katoa kaipuke. Rewa - kōrero e tika mau te rere. Tenei rewa, rākau, rewa, bowsprit, patiri me ētahi atu huānga waia i ngā pukapuka e pā ana ki kaitiora o te tenetere mua.

taputapu Motuhake, mā nei he tetahi tūranga pūmau o te rewa, me te bowsprit rewa i huaina rewa e tu ana, pērā i shrouds. tonu taua casing pahoho me te hanga o te Smolenov matotoru hangaia i ngā rauemi tipu piauau rino maitai ranei taura ranei, a i roto i te tahi mau wahi - mekameka.

taputapu turanga, i nei hoatu ma nga rā me te mahi tahi atu ngā mahi e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te oko rere, ka karanga rere rewa. Ko te pepa, halyards me ētahi atu āhuatanga i hanga o ngāwari maitai, taura waihanga Hemp ranei tenei.

I roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga katoa, ara i roto i te maha o papanga, rere kaipuke rite te hoa.

puta Mnogopalubnoe kaipuke i raro i rere i roto i te rau tau XVI. I roto i te Galleon Spanish i runga i te displacement kei taea kia i 2 ki te 7 papanga. Kei te hanga hoki i te superstructure i te maha ngā wāhanga, i roto i nei i kei te pito ora mo te pāhihi me kaumoana o rangatira.

Ko te hanganga o te kaipuke, i te iti rawa, ona taketake āhuatanga hanganga e e kore whakawhirinaki i runga i te momo, me te whakaaro o te oko, ahakoa sailboats, peia e kaha te hau, te rā inflator kaipuke parahi ranei ki te pūkaha korohū hei pūkaha, LINERS ipu ki te tāutanga korohū mīhini huri hiko, ranei icebreakers karihi-powered.