Ko te ōhanga mākete me te öhanga whakaritea: ngā āhuatanga taketake me ngā rerekētanga

Ko te ōhanga mākete me te ōhanga whakamaheretia, rite ki te tikanga, he whakahe. Ēnei tauira i te maha o ngā rerekētanga taketake. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

Overview

Ko te ōhanga mākete me te ōhanga whakamaheretia matua ātete tōrangapū. Te whakamutunga, i roto i ngā, e pā ana ki te moni. Ko te kupu te tikanga tikanga ohaoha hanganga whanaketanga ōhanga. ōhanga whakahau kua whakamaheretia e pā ana ki te hapori. I roto i tenei take, kia mau i roto i te ngakau te āhua motuhake o te ōhanga i roto i te tau Soviet. I te tahi atu ōhanga mākete aho, me te ōhanga whakamaheretia e whakatauritea e te tukanga o te mahi kōmitimiti. Ko te tuatahi ko te utu, me te rua o nga - hangarau tikanga.

pine

Ētahi tohunga whakapono e kore e taea te here i te ōhanga mākete me te ōhanga whakaritea ki te ahua ngā o te kāwanatanga. e te tautohetohe e whai ake nei i tenei tūranga whakatikaia. tohu Tohunga i roto e te ōhanga mākete i teie mahana, e kore anake e kore i paopao, engari kaha te whakamahi i te whakamahere. I roto i ngā, Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i corporations nui. I tua atu, i roto i te hītori o te moni e mohiotia, engari ko reira tino te pūnaha ōhanga whakaritea. he āhuatanga taua, mo te tauira, ka mau wahi i roto i Germany i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Kua mahi te whenua mahere pakeke mō te hanga o ngā hua korero mo te wā i whakaritea i runga i te tauine motu. I roto i te tua, mārama ngā mo te pāhekoheko o ngā ahumahi e hāngai ana.

Ko te pau o te kōmitimiti mahi

Professionalization me pārōnaki e whakamahia i roto i te mara o te mahi ki te whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga o te production. E utua ratou mo te kōmitimiti mahi. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, e tutuki e hanga tukatuka ranei mekameka, ranei i roto i te utu o te uara i roto i te mākete. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kōwhiringa tuatahi anake hoki te mahia o ngā mahi production. E kore e taea e tatou te mea e mahi ai rite te pūtake o te ōhanga whakamaheretia. Kei te meinga te reira e te meka e hua ia me ngā taumata production i roto i runga i te tātari o ngā mahi pakihi , me te āhua o te hapori. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, titau te whakamahi o ngā tawhā mākete. e kore e taea te huaina reira me te roherohe te tikanga o kōmitimiti i roto i te utu e rua whakaaro te hanganga o te ōhanga. noho te reira i tino he tūranga matua, engari i te wa ano te tikanga o te mekameka hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te ōhanga mākete. Hei tauira, puta tenei i roto i te nekeneke production.

Ko te rerekētanga matua

Hoki te pūnaha ōhanga āhuatanga e urupare kino. tikanga o tēnei e reira e waiho e rapu he ōrite i waenganui i nga reiti o te supply me hanganga tono ki te whakaiti. Kei te tuku i tēnei tukanga ki rite te mana. He differentiator matua o nga hanganga me mahi kia rite ki nga pau o te ara ki te whakaiti i tēnei ōrite. Ko te pūtake o te ōhanga whakaritea - he centralized, coercive me te ture mōhio. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i roto i te hanga. Ko te tauira mākete o noa, ture motuhake. Kei te kitenga reira i roto i utu.

Ngā āhuatanga o te ōhanga mākete

Kei hanganga ōhanga o pūtahi kāwanatanga tūmatanui, pakihi, te iwi whānui. Katoa o enei hinonga taunekeneke ki a rātou anō mā te whakamua, me te whakataka hononga. I roto i te ariā, tukua ana e ia āhua tino e rua o te pūnaha o te whakahaere. Ko te tuatahi Ko tā te kore tino o hinonga whakahaere kāwanatanga. Umanga i roto i tenei take, tino motuhake me te motuhake. He noa ki te kawe i roto i o ratou mahi, te mahi i ngā mahi utu ratou. Ko te huru whānui o te ōhanga mākete tenei. Tetahi pānga i runga taua mea e taea e whakapataritari huringa. Otiia, ka waiho reira taea ki te urutau, rite te mea he tetahi awhi o te pūmautanga. E tano ia tapao e te raruraru o overproduction ka tika haere tahi ia. Kei te whakaaro te reira e te pūkenga rite te hua o te pūnaha capitalist, a kihai te mahi o te mākete. I roto hinonga whakamahia te aratau nuinga hangarau o te mahi kōmitimiti i waenganui i nga kamupene e rua - utu.

Pū o te ture

tauira Market kore e rapua e ngā pokapū kāwanatanga tipu. He ia te kaha ki te whaiaro ture-. takoto te reira i roto i te meka e ngana kaihanga ki te huri i te uara o te hua i roto i te pā ana ki te pānga taurite i runga i te tono. hāngai ana tona huringa i tiaki i te toenga o te utu. Mai te mahi o te whaiaro ture-tikanga, e kore e taea e monopolists ake i ake te utu o te taonga. Ka whāiti Ko tōna rohe ki te heke i roto i te tono.

painga

Kei te ōnā te ōhanga mākete arotahi anake i runga i te tupuraa o te utu tino pai. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e kore e te tauira te whakatutuki i te mahi pāpori, me te tahi atu. I tona apataki waho huarahi pūnahanaha tangohia e te ki pūkete, e kore ngā āhuatanga me nunu'a katoa. Ārahi moni pai io anake. Tu'utu'uni i roto i te pūnaha i roto i te wā poto na roto i te huri utu. Ka rite ki te āhuatanga matua o te tauira ko te tere o te reira. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e kore te utu ture whakahohe tūpuku production tenei. Ko te kaupapa o ngā hua, te urupare ki te tono aunoa, tata hangatonu'i he utu, me te ki te tetahi āta i roto i haumi whakapaipai i roto i te rāngai tino pai.

ōhanga whakahau kua whakamaheretia

Ko te rua te āhua tino o te hanganga ōhanga tenei. Tetahi o ona ingoa - te whakahau whakahaere. kawea te ture i roto i roto i te pokapū o te pokapū kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei take, i roto i te urupare ao ōhanga i waenganui i hinonga he pai ngoikore. Enterprises riro tohutohu i te pokapū. Reira e tango hoki tohu i te iwi whānui me te kaihanga. I roto i te meka, ka taea e te tauira whakahaere-whakahau mahi i roto i te ngaro o te Directorate i te wāhi mahi. faataa tenei e te meka e kua hanga whakataunga katoa i roto i te pokapū me te hema i roto i te iho. Ko te tino pai tenei tauira. Heoi, nga tikanga o te ōhanga whakahaere whakaritea rapu hanganga tino me te pūrere tari pokapū, te wātea o te pūmanawa urupare hongere nohopuku, me te pono.

mahi

matapae i te pūnaha whakaritea o te ōhanga te. Na reira, kī reira te taea o te hanga me te whakatinana i te momo o ngā mahi. Heoi, e kore e taea te heke ratou anake ki te ōhanga. Tūmahi e taea te whakatika ki te awhina o tenei tauira, me ana ki ao taiao, korero, pāpori me te tahi atu. E whai wāhi ana ratou i roto i te whanaketanga o te pokapū kāwanatanga e hāngai ana. A, no te mea ai tenei te te tātari pūnaha o te kāwanatanga o te hapori kua riro ki pūkete nga tohu riro i te iwi whānui, me te utu o ngā kaupapa aromatawai hangarau kē. I roto i te mahi tonu kawea te tauira mo o tono me te supply te i kore i te utu, engari i te huri i production. Heoi, e taea te whakamahi i te huarahi mākete i roto i ētahi wā. Hei tauira, whakamahia te whakatikatika utu e ki te ārai hapa hua.

āhua takawaenga

Na e te whakawhitinga i te āta whakamaheretia ki te ōhanga mākete. āhuatanga he āhua taua e te meka e te hanganga whakahaere o nga āhuatanga hakari o tauira e rua. I te wa ano i roto i te āhua whakawhiti o whanaunga i reira he he tauiraa i roto i te ao ōhanga, me kore noa wae takitahi. Te nuinga o ngā kairangahau Russian, me te ke ko nga tohu e whai ake nei o te wāhanga takawaenga:

1. Priority rerekētanga o resistance.
2. Whakapakari i o te whanaketanga pāhiwihiwi o te ōhanga, i faaite ake i roto i mōrearea.
3. Whakanuia i roto i randomness, tupono, te whakamutu.
4. Te whakapai ake maha-kē me te whanaketanga ōhanga kē.
5. Ko te hua i roto i te maha o ngā papā, te whakanui ake i mānukanuka me te pakanga i roto i te hapori e tika ana ki te ōritengakore o ngā ngākau nuitanga.
6. Ko te putanga, me te mahi o nga puka tauwhirowhiro motuhake.
7. Aamu āhua takawaenga.
8. Ko te pū o ngā whakahēnga.

I mua i te katoa o mua kotahi te āhua-pāpori i tetahi mahi - ki te haere atu i te whakahaere i te whakaritea ki te momo mākete. Kei te whakaritea e te reira e te kāwanatanga i roto i ngā huarahi. Na, i roto i nga whenua katoa i roto i te whakawhitinga i te ngā whānui.

Ko te kāwanatanga o te hanganga

Ko tā te reira i te whakataki o te mōkihi o mehua e hāngai ana ki te whakaiti uruhi ranei whakakorenga o here me rāhui. whakarato hoki kāwanatanga mo te tango o te mana kāwanatanga ki runga i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakahaere. tautuhi ngā kairangahau he maha o ngā wāhanga matua o te mahi. Reira tuatahi kāwanatanga utu. Ko tā te reira i te tango o te mana kāwanatanga i runga i te tukanga o te hanganga o te utu o te production. I te wa ano i reira he he whakawhiti ki te utu i roto i te rārangi ki te tohu o te putanga me te hiahiatanga. I tua atu kawea i roto i te kāwanatanga o ngā mahi ora ōhanga. Whakakahoretia te heriheri kāwanatanga i runga i ngā mahi ohaoha, ngā whai wāhitanga mō te mahi pakihi. timata huringa me i hokohoko ke. Reira nekehia hoki te heriheri o te mana i roto i nga whanaunga ōhanga ki hoa ke, te whakatuwhera i te ara ki ngā mākete ao mō kaihanga kāinga.

huringa Structural me ngä

Hei wāhanga o te whakawhitinga, te hanganga o te hou tauira ōhanga. Faaore i ranei ahumahi fakavaivaí, me te ripeka-tāne i toe i te hanganga o mua. Ko te huringa tuatahi o te pūnaha mana. hanganga Institutional whai wāhi te hanga o ngā āhuatanga mo te mahi o te tikanga ōhanga hou. tutuki tēnei mā te huri i te pūtahi ture, me te hanga o te hanganga e tika ana, te whakamāramatanga o te tohu o te whai wāhitanga i roto i te ture o te kāwanatanga.