Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - te ihi o te hekerangi: haurongo, hītori o tenenga

ka haere mai te whakawhetai ki te faaotiraa, me mau tautooraa o tika tangata kotahi - - Ko tētahi o nga mahi rererangi nui - hekerangi te kaihoahoa-whakaako Gleb Kotelnikov. Ia e kore e anake i ki te whakaoti i te rota o te uaua tino mo tona wa, raruraru hangarau, engari ano hoki i te roa te wa ki te whakatutuki i te tīmatanga o te hanga papatipu o te mōkihi faaora.

tau wawe

Ko te ihi o te hekerangi Gleb Kotelnikov heke mai whanau i 18 (30) January 1872 i roto i St Petersburg. Ko tona papa he ahorangi o Pāngarau i University Moscow. He aroha o te toi te whānau katoa: music, peita, me te whare tapere. Kei te maha tū te whare mahi runaruna. Ehara i te mea maere e kore i puritia e ia te ma'imi hekerangi rite te tamaiti moe o te atamira.

takaro pai te tamaiti i runga i te piana me te tahi atu mea whakatangi (balalaika, mandolin, vaiolini). I te wa ano, kihai i enei hiahia katoa pokanoa ki Gleb anaanatae i roto i te tikanga. Mai i riro whanau nga ringa koura, ia tonu te tahi mea i hanga, me te kohikohi (hei tauira, i roto i te 13 tau i whakahaere ia ki te kohikohi i te kāmera mahi).

mahi

ka Future, i whiriwhiria i tēnei wā te ihi o te hekerangi e takoto i muri i te ati o te utuafare. mate ka materoto Matua Gleb me tana tama i ki te waiho i te moe o te Conservatory. haere ana ia ki te Artillery Kura Kiev. puta te tangata taitama ki hōnore i roto i 1894, me te kupu ka te rangatira. I aru tenei e toru nga tau o mahi i roto i te ope. I muri i paunga, ka Kotelnikov he mōhiohio i roto i te tari Ekisia porowini. I roto i te 1899, ka moea e ia tana hoa kōhine tamarikitanga Yulii Volkovoy.

I roto i te 1910 oho te whānau ki ngā tamariki e toru ki St Petersburg. I roto i te whakapaipai, ka te ihi o te hekerangi heke te kaiwhakaari i Whare o nga tangata, ka mau ki te pseudonym atamira Glebov-Kotelnikov. hoatu St. Petersburg ia whai wāhitanga hou me ki te whakatinana i te pūmanawa mōna. tonu o mua tau katoa whatu ki te hanga i te taumata runaruna.

arearea rererangi

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau XX te whanaketanga o te rererangi. I roto i te maha pa Russian, tae atu St Petersburg, kua whakahaere flights whakaatu, e mahino te moni tūmatanui. Te reira i te kupu ka mohio hoki ki te rererangi, me te ihi o te peketua hekerangi Gleb Kotelnikov heke mai. Te riroraa i te ora tau'a ki technique, kihai ia i ahei te whakakā moni i roto i te rererangi.

Na roto i te tāpiritanga, Kotelnikov ka he kaiwhakaatu ta'e'ilo ki te mate o te pairati tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te rererangi Russian. I roto i te pairati whakaaturanga rere hinga atu Matsievich te nohoanga, ka mate, takataka ki te whenua. I muri ia ia ki raro i te rererangi iu tahito, me te he.

Ko te akiaki o te hekerangi

Ko te kino e whai wāhi mai Matsievich ko te hopearaa arorau o malu i roto i te rere rawa tuatahi o engines rererangi. Ki te haere tetahi tangata ki te rangi, maka ana e ia i te tĭtĭ tona ora. Kua puta ake tenei raruraru noa i mua i te rererangi. I roto i te XIX rautau i te rite poihau i tukua āwangawanga. I roto i te take o te iwi ahi e mau. kihai i taea e ratou waiho te waka i roto i te mate.

Tenei matawaenga taea te faatiti'aifarohia te tenenga anake o te hekerangi. kawea te ngā tuatahi i roto hoki i tona production i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Heoi, kua te raruraru i roto i ngā o ngā āhuatanga hangarau kua he wa tino uaua hoki ia. Neke atu i te nga tau, rererangi ngongo. Ngoikore ki te whakarato kaiurungi taurangi te ora-whakaora tino raruraru te whanaketanga o te ahumahi aeronautics katoa. haere te reira i aito mau hepohepo anake.

Mahi i runga i te tenenga

I muri i te wāhanga fakamamahi i roto i te rerenga whakaaturanga o Gleb Kotelnikov (te tetahi e whakaaro te hekerangi) tahuri tona fare ki te awheawhe oti. pōlepole Designer i ki te whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi waka faaora e e tauturu i kaiurungi ki ora te ati manureva. Ko te maere tino e tīmata kaiwhakaari runaruna anake mo te raruraru hangarau i runga i nei mo nga tau e maha i roto i te noa whawhai maha tohunga i huri noa i te ao.

nga ngā katoa te ihi o te hekerangi Kotelnikov whakahaere i tona ake utu. i kikī Money, maha i ki nohopuku i runga i nga taipitopito. maturuturu iho tārua o ora mahi i whatura, me St Petersburg tuanui. ka Boilermakers te tāpae o ngā pukapuka i runga i te hītori o te rere. ka mau te wheako wahi kotahi i muri i te tahi atu. Ina e, ka haere mai te ihi ki te whirihoranga hi'oraa maitai o te moni faaoraraa heke mai. I mahara tenei ki te waiho i te hekerangi roa, me te ono tekau. Ko te iti me te ho'ie, i taea e tonu ia ki te tangata, me te āwhina i roto i roto i te momeniti tino mōrearea.

take Hangarau

Mā te hoahoa whakaūhia hekerangi i fonu ki te maha mau paruparu nui. Ko te tuatahi ko te tupeke tūturu mua, nei i tatari mo te pairati i roto i dome whākinga. Na reira Gleb Kotelnikov (te tetahi e whakaaro te hekerangi) i oti rawa nui te wa ki te hoahoa o te pūnaha whakatārewatanga. hoki ia i rave rahi taime ki te mahi anō āpitihanga. Ki te whakamahi koe i hoahoa ora he te tangata mahi matapōkeretia e taea takahuri i roto i te rangi.

takina tona tauira rererangi peketua hekerangi ihi tuatahi i runga i tare, mannequins. Ka rite ki whakamahia ia hiraka papanga. I roto i te tikanga e tenei mea i taea e i te tere haumaru ki raro i te tangata ki te whenua, ka mau te reira ia tatou e pā ana ki te 50 mita pūrua o te papanga. takai Tuatahi Kotelnikov hekerangi ki te potae, engari e kore e kia pai te reira na nui hiraka. Kua tae mai nga kaitito i ake ki te otinga taketake mō tenei raruraru.

Ko te whakaaro o te peketua

Pea e Kia te ingoa o te ihi o te hekerangi rerekē ki te kahore i Gleb Kotelnikov whakaaro ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o whakakopa te hekerangi ki te peketua motuhake. I roto i te tikanga ki te uru i roto i tona mea i haere ake ki te tuhi taketake, me te mahi whakairo manganga. I te pae hopea, tīmata te ma'imi ki te waihanga i te tauira tuatahi. I roto i tenei take i tauturu ia te wahine.

I maoro, i rite ki RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky) ia. Roto te peketua ko te papa whakarewa motuhake, me te rua puna pōkai. hanga Boilermakers hanganga pērā e taea te whakatuwheratia reira, no ka taea. Hoki tenei pairati e hiahiatia ana anake ki te wahia te taura motuhake. Ko te puna i roto i te kikorangi tuwhera tueke me te hinga ka ngawari.

I oti i pa

Kei te hekerangi o 24 papa reo. Na roto i te kikorangi katoa haere kotaha, i hono nei ki te pokohiwi pa. herea ratou matau ki te raro, mau e te tangata. Ko reira he tatini o te here hope, pokohiwi, me te pouaka. He kua hoki koropiko whakaratohia mo nga waewae. pūrere hekerangi taea te pairati ki te whakahaere i te reira i roto i te heketanga ki te whenua.

A, no te ka reira mārama e ka waiho te tenenga he pakaruhanga i rererangi, hoha'a Kotelnikov e pā ana ki manatārua. kihai i whai ia i te ārai me te, reira, tetahi manene nei kite te hekerangi i roto i te mahi, me te matau i te mau parau tumu o tona mahi, i taea e tahae i te whakaaro. arahina ēnei āwangawanga Gleb Paton heke ratou whakamātautau i roto i nga wahi Novgorod matapo e tohutohu te tama a te ma'imi. E pai i reira kia whakamatauria te putanga whakamutunga o te waka faaoraraa hou.

Ko te pakanga mo te ārai

Ko te kōrero mīharo o te tenenga o te hekerangi tonu August 10, 1911, ka tuhituhi Kotelnikov he pukapuka taipitopito ki te Tāhuhu o te Pakanga. whakaahuatia e ia i roto i te taipitopito nga āhuatanga hangarau o ngā tūemi hou, a faataa i te faufaa o tona whakatinanatanga i roto i te ope, me te rererangi. Oia mau, te maha anake o rererangi nui haere, a ka kei te mōrearea ai e mate hou o kaiurungi toa.

Heoi, Ua ngaro te pukapuka tuatahi Nyquist. Kua riro te reira mārama inaianei e ka whai i te ma'imi ki te mahi ki te rīpene e wehingia ana whero. ka anga ia ki te i ngangau ai te Tari Pakanga me ngā kōmihana. Nāwai pahūtanga Gleb E. i te Komiti o te tenenga. Heoi, paopao functionaries o tenei tari te whakaaro o te kaihoahoa. kihai ratou ki te tukua mai he ārai, whakaaro te tenenga huakore.

āhukahuka

I muri i te kore i te kāinga i hanga Kotelnikov kua rēhita e pā ana o tona tenenga i France. ka mau te hui roa-tatali wahi March 20, 1912. Na ka whakahaere ia ki te whakarite i te whakamātautau whānui, i tae e kaiurungi me ētahi atu tangata whai wāhi i roto i te taitamariki rererangi Russian. haere ratou Pipiri 6, 1912 i roto i te kainga o Salyuzi tata St Petersburg. I muri i te matenga o Gleb Paton whakaingoatia tenei pa i Kotelnikovo.

ata Pipiri i mua o te poihau whakamätau tūmatanui miharo tapahia te mutunga o te koropiko, ka timata te ropi pūeru rawa whakangungua ki te taka ki te whenua. titiro whakamau te whakarongo te mea i tupu i roto i te rangi ki te awhina o karu. I muri i te hēkona ruarua mahi te huarahi, a ka i roto i te rangi hinga tuwhera dome. I taua ra i reira a kahore hau, e te aha u ropi pūeru tika i runga i ona waewae, a ka tu i reira mo te hēkona ruarua, hinga. I muri ako i tenei whakamātautau tūmatanui ao katoa nei i te ihi o te rererangi peketua hekerangi.

production Mass o parachutes

timata hanga raupapa tuatahi o RC-1 i roto i France i roto i te 1913. Tono mō parachutes nui haere e te tikanga i muri i hohoro te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I hiahiatia te kete faaora Russian mō kaiurungi rererangi "Ilya Muromets". Na ka hoki nga tau maha noho RK-1 mahuinga i roto i te Soviet Air Force.

A, no te te kāwanatanga Bolshevik tonu Kotel'nikov ki ngā i roto i akatuke'anga ki tona tenenga taketake. Kua mahi ia ki a Zhukovsky, faaite ratou ake taiwhanga aerodynamic. pekepeke mātanga ki tauira parachutes whakamātautau kua meinga hei matakitakinga papatipu - pūkete ratou mo te maha nui o mua. I 1923, i reira ko tetahi tauira RC-2. Kua tukua ratou Gleb Kotelnikov ki te tākopa āhua-ngohengohe. I aru tenei he torutoru akatuke'anga. ka Parachutes atu watea, me te mahi.

Tukutahi ki tona mahi mōna i oti rawa Kotelnikov te rota o te wā te āwhina i te karapu rere. kauhau ia, ko he āheinga mai i roto i te hapori hākinakina. I 55 tau o te tau e tika ana ki te ma'imi mutu ngā. tona taonga tuku katoa i hoatu e ia ki te āhua Soviet. Hoki whakatutukitanga maha i whakawhiwhia Nyquist te Order o te Star Whero.

He mutu, tonu Kotel'nikov ki te ora i roto i te pane a te raki. tuhituhi e ia pukapuka, me te pukapuka. A, no te timata II 'a Māmaní, he ruhiruhia, me te paku kitenga Gleb E. Heoi, ka mau, he wahi kaha i roto i te whakahaere o te rangi korero o Leningrad. mahi pā hotoke me te matekai i te patu nui ki tona hauora. i whakatahia Nyquist ki Moscow, i reira ka mate ia i runga i Noema 22, 1944. i tanumia ma'imi Famous i Novodevichy urupā.