Hanganga, Mātauranga Tuarua me ngā kura
Life me mahi o Bulgakov
whanau Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich i roto i 1891, 3 (15) Mei. I whanau ia i roto i Kiev. Ngā mātua o te kaituhi heke mai - Barbara M. (nee inoi), he kaiwhakaako, i muri i - te kaitirotiro i runga i ngā akoranga o te wahine. Matua - rite te kaiwhakaako, mahi ia i te Kiev Theological Academy. ko Mikaera te tama mātāmua i roto i te utuafare rahi i roto i nei i reira i te hunga tino kaha ngā tikanga ahurea. Creativity Bulgakov ko tona koioranga, e whakaahua tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.
Ako i roto i te kura nui, te minamina ki mo te whare tapere, tuhituhinga, te faaipoiporaa
tū Mātauranga ona tuatahi i roto i Kiev hākinakina. puta te kaituhi heke mai e rua anake tohu pai - kia rite ki te ture a te Atua, me te matawhenua. I tenei wa, ko te hiahia i roto i te whare tapere ia (mohiotia, hei tauira, i te ngakau "Aida" me "Faust") pānui "anaanatae" puta ano Saltykov- Shchedrina ko Gogol te hua tuatahi, e mahi Bulgakov tuhia.
I roto i te 1907, ka mate tona papa. I te tau 1913, ka moea e Bulgakov TN Lappe.
tākuta mahi
Ko te wā i 1916 ki te 1917 - te mutunga o te University Kiev, te wahi ako ia i te Faculty o Medicine. Wewete i te karanga o te mate, ko matou hiahia i roto i te kaituhi haere ki te Zemstvo ki te hōhipera ūnga. Kei wahi tenei i roto i te kainga o Nikolskoye (Smolensk kawanatanga). A, i muri i te ia haere ia ki Vyazma. i tuhituhia "Notes o te kuao tākuta" e hāngai ana i runga i te wheako whiwhi i roto i tenei wā.
Practice i roto i Kiev
I te tau 1918 ka hoki Bulgakov ki Kiev, i reira ngana ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi hauora (tūmataiti - pehea volnopraktikuyuschy mate paipai). I tenei wa, kia rite ki te kaituhi, i karangatia e ia kia rite ki te tākuta i roto i te mahi i ngā wā katoa i te mana katoa e noho i te pa. Otiia whakahaere Bulgakov ki mawhiti, a na te Army Whero, me i Petliura, "whai wāhi" ia.
ratonga Military, mahi ngaio o te tuhinga
I roto i 1919-1920 nga ngā e whai ake nei puta i roto i te ora o te kaituhi. Bulgakov i "ka huihuia e" Denikin ka tonoa ki te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus ki te Echelon. Here ka whai wāhi ia i roto i te tuhinga ngaio: i tenei wa i reira ko te kōrero tuatahi i roto i nga niupepa o Vladikavkaz ko Grozny, e whakaata te kaupapa o te aroha ma, perception rite he "kino hītori," te Tuhinga o Nicholas II, me ētahi atu Kua whai wāhi ia rite te tākuta i roto i te whawhai. Denikin, whati i raro i te aroraa o te Army Whero, maka te fiva rahi Bulgakov ki te haapa'o ratou, i mahi rite te pūtake mo te oto i roto i enei "hoa-i roto i-ringa." haamata Mr Mikhail ki te taenga mai o te mahi iti-wehenga whero i roto i te toi. Ko tona mahi pūrongo e pā ana ki Chekhov ko Pushkin, tuhituhi hoki i te whakaari whare tapere rohe, tetahi o nei, ka karanga te "Paris korerorero", ka haere noa ia ki a Moscow, te ti'aturi i runga i te angitu o te ad i roto i tenei pa o te whakataetae.
Moving ki Moscow
I roto i te 1921, tae Mr Mikhail i Moscow, i reira ka haere ia ki te mahi i te pou o te kaituhituhi i roto i te tari tuhituhi i o nga tangata Commissariat. I roto i te rapu o te mahi ki te timatanga o te nép, ia maha taui tona wahi o te mahi: he ētita i roto i te pukapuka o tetahi o te tūmataiti nūpepa, entertainers, Engineers, me ētahi atu I te wa ano e mutu ai te reira i runga i nga kari, he whare fare ā, e kotahi no ki te kaiwhakanao tupeka. He maha ngā wā ähuareka fare №50 ka tupu i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi e hanga ake te mahi o Bulgakov.
I roto i te 1922, kaha tāngia Mr Mikhail i te press - i roto i makasini pērā i "haona", "Ngāue", "moheni Whero mo katoa", "pereoo", "Krasnaya Niva" me etahi atu.
Te mahi tahi i roto i te "oro waea", mahi hou, me te faaipoiporaa hou
Ko te wā i 1922 ki te 1926 - mahi tahi ki te niupepa raro i te ingoa "Whistle" ka tāngia "eve" i roto i Berlin nūpepa Russian, nei ētita - AN Tolstoy, i taua wa e kore ano i hoki mai i te whakarau.
Life me mahi o Bulgakov i te tau 1923-1924 ki te tapaea te ngā nui e rua e whai ake nei. I roto i 1923 puta te pūrākau "nota i runga i te Holy." Te tau e whai ake nei, tutaki Mr Mikhail L. E. Belozerskoy, ka hoki i te whakarau i roto i Paris, marena ia.
I roto i te 1925, tonu mahi a Bulgakov. Puta "Diaboliad" - te kohinga tuatahi, arā, o ngā kōrero Sapphire. Na ka haere ia ki waho, me te kohinga o ngā kōrero i huaina "Te hēki Fatal". tohua hoki tenei tau te hanganga o te tuhinga "Heart o te Dog" - he mahi e whakaputaina i muri noa 60 tau i.
rapu Bulgakov
I roto i te Mei 1926, i whakahaere Bulgakov e te rapu OGPU, hopukia i te parau papai i runga, me te rātaka. Writer, kōrero toutou tono ia ki te hoki enei rauemi, me te kore whiwhi ki te hunga tono, kahore whakautu, e ai ta ka hohoro kia takoha reira i roto o te Russian Union o Writers kaki. I muri i tenei pepa, tae atu i te tuhinga o "Te Heart o te Dog" hoki Bulgakov.
Ko te mahi o 1925-1928 tau
I roto i te tau 1925-1926 mai te huringa "Stories", me te he kohinga o ngā kōrero poto ui ko e "Notes o te kuao tākuta."
Ko nga ngā whai ake hoki te wā i 1925 ki te tau 1927 tau. pūrākau "Te White Guard" i hanga. I roto i tona whakamārama o te tākaro "ra o Turbin" i tuhituhia, ka tukua i roto i te tau 1926, i premiered i i tū te Moscow Art Theatre i te wa ano.
Mai i te tau 1926 ki te 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, nei te ora me te mahi te aroaro i roto i tenei pepa, i tuhituhi te tākaro i huaina "Running", anake i roto i te 1957, i to ratou kitenga i te whakarongo.
I roto i te tau 1926 ano te tākaro "Zoyka fare" i hanga, i tū i te Vakhtangov Theatre. Āpiti atu ki "ra o Turbin," i hohoro mawehe atu te reira e tika ana ki te pēhanga fakaanga tendentious.
I roto i te 1928 - kotahi atu wahi mo te whare tapere ( "Island Whero"). I tukua te reira ki te Chamber Theatre i te taua tau, Heoi, me tenei wa i rāhuitia tata tonu te tākaro.
Aromātai o auahatanga Bulgakov faaino tuhituhi
tata faaino Literary 1920 mutunga te mahi o koi kino Mikhail Bulgakov o. kihai i ana mahi whakaputaina, e kore e tākaro i runga i te atamira. Hei tauira, he kōrero kino mohiotia e pā ana ki te tākaro o "Running" a Stalin, e, i roto i tona tirohanga, he "tītohunga anti-Soviet." "Pepa Waste" ka karanga te rangatira o te "Waipounamu Whero". Ko te hua o te fakatangá - Bulgakov haurongo me te auahatanga o i i te aroaro o maha tohua e te pānga kino o te whakapā ki te mana Soviet, tonu kahore mahi, me te reira i waho te tikanga, tuhia e "te Kawanatanga o te USSR," te pukapuka, me te tukua te reira ki te wāhitau e whitu o ngā pūtahi o te kaha. E ngana ana ki te matau ratou aitua, faataa ia i roto i te pukapuka ki tona tūranga o kaituhi, e mea ana i pai ia te Revolution nui o te Evolution nui, e ko atu māori, i roto i tona tirohanga, te akoranga āta o te hītori. Hoki te fare Mihailu Afanasevichu i 1930 April 18 huaina Stalin ia, a ka rite ki te hua o tenei whakahaere, i korero te kaituhi ki te whakarato mahi i roto i te Moscow Art Theatre. huru ō rāua whakaaro o te kawenata ko te hanga whakamoemiti te mahi o te rangatira. I muri mai, i roto i te 1939, i tuhituhia te tākaro, e tika ana "Batum", parau te kōrero o "rangatira o Young." Heoi, e kore tona ihirangi ranei te reo o te mana kōrero kihai i makona.
Mahi i roto i te Moscow Art Theatre
Mai te timatanga o te mahi i roto i te ora, me te mahi i te Moscow Art Theatre Bulgakov o kua tino puta ke. Bulgakov mai te timatanga o 1930 i roto i te whare tapere kua mahi hei kaiwhakahaere kaiāwhina. E pā ana te reira ki tenei wā o tona riri ora Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), e riro i muri i tana wahine.
nui ia "Adamu e ia Eva" puta i roto i te 1931. I roto i tenei me te tau e whai ake nei, i tuhituhi e ia te atamira o Tolositoi o "War me te rangimarie" i te tikanga o te Drama Bolshoi Theatre. Heoi, e kore tenei mahi i whakaarahia.
I 1932, i reira ko tetahi urutaunga wā o "varua Dead" a Gogol. Hoki ki te pūtirotiro (i te tikanga whaiaro o Stalin o) "ra o kapohau."
I hanga whakaari huaina "Te Cabal o te hunga tinihanga" i roto i te tau 1930-1936, whakaturia i roto i te 1943. I mua tenei i te mahi i runga i "Te Life o Monsieur de Moliere," he kōrero haurongo, i roto i te 1932-1933. I whakaputaina te reira i roto i 1962.
I tetahi atu wahi, "Bliss", tukua i roto i te 1934 (kore whakaputaina tae noa ki 1966).
I roto i te 1934-1935 gg. i roto i te whakaari ui "Te Last Days", whakaturia ki runga ki te atamira i te 1943. I te tuatahi i hapu ai i roto i te mahi tahi ki a V. V. Veresaevym.
whakakahore Bulgakov "rework"
tohua te wā i te tau 1934 ki te 1936 e te mau ohipa e whai ake nei. He he he tākaro Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". kawea tenei ki te taupupu kakahu i ka mawehe atu te Theatre o mahi Satire i mua noa i te tuatahitia. Ko te kaituhi mō te wā i 1928 ki te 1936, e kore e kore tetahi mea i whakaputaina, me rite i runga i te kore ki te atamira i te wahi kotahi, e tohu ana taketake mahi MA Bulgakov. pakeke kore Mr Mikhail ki "whakarereke", parau ia (hei tauira, "reforge" tetahi āpiha ma i te hua "rere" ki te whakaoti i te waiata orurehau waiata tira "Whero Island," etc).
mahi Tata
I roto i te tau i hanga 1936-1937 "Theatrical Novel" (mahi oti). I whakaputaina te reira i roto i 1965.
Bulgakov i 1938, hanga he tākaro i huaina "Don Kuisito." Mai te timatanga o 1930 tae noa ki te mutunga o tona ora tonu hoki ki te mahi i runga i tona mahi tino rongonui, tohutoro nei i tenei ra i roto i te wahi tuatahi, ako te mahi o Bulgakov - "Te Ariki, a Margarita".
Bulgakov i 1940, i mate i roto i Moscow i mate tākihi, e ko tuku tona hapu (haere i runga i i papa ki kaituhi).
Tenei whakaoti te ora me te mahi o Mikhail Bulgakov - Kei te mohio inaianei rite te aronui o te tuhinga Russian.
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